FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Perez, YY Jimenez-Ferrer, E Zamilpa, A Hemandez-Valencia, M Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Tortoriello, J Romdan-Ramos, R AF Perez, Yolanda Y. Jimenez-Ferrer, Enrique Zamilpa, Alejandro Hemandez-Valencia, Marcelino Alarcon-Aguilar, Francisco J. Tortoriello, Jaime Romdan-Ramos, Ruben TI Effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera gel on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Aloe vera gel; aloin; aloe-emodin; insulin resistance; medicinal plants ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY; ARBORESCENS MILLER; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CLINICAL-TRIAL; LEAF GEL; L JUICE; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; GLUCOSE AB Insulin resistance, which precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a widespread pathology associated with the metabolic syndrome, myocardial ischemia, and hypertension. Finding an adequate treatment for this pathology is an important goal in medicine. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of an extract from Aloe vera gel containing a high concentration of polyphenols on experimentally induced insulin resistance in Mice. A polyphenol-rich Aloe vera extract (350 mg/kg) with known concentrations of aloin (181.7 mg/g) and aloe-emodin (3.6 mg/g) was administered orally for a period of 4 weeks to insulin resistant ICR mice. Pioglitazone (50 mg/kg) and bi-distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Body weight, food intake, and plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were measured and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The insulin resistance value was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Results showed that the polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera was able to decrease significantly both body weight (p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.005) and to protect animals against unfavorable results on HOMA-IR, which was observed in the negative control group. The highest glucose levels during the insulin tolerance curve test were in the negative control group when compared to the Aloe vera extract and pioglitazone treated mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Aloe vera gel could be effective for the control of insulin resistance. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Programa Doctorado & Ciencias Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. IMSS, CMN SXXI, Lab Invest & Enfermedades Endocrinol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Perez, YY, Ctr Invest & Plantas Med Para Desarrollo Fitomedi, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Argentina 1, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. EM perezyy@yahoo.com CR *DIAR OF FED, 2001, NOM062ZOO1999 DIAR O *INT DIAB FED, WORLW DEF MET SYNDR *WHO, 1999, WHO LAB MAN EX HUM S, P43 *WHO, 1999, WHO MON SEL MED PLAN, P33 BEPPU H, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V89, P37, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00268-X BEPPU H, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V103, P468, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.034 BEPUU H, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, S37 BONORA E, 1998, DIABETES, V47, P1643 BROWN SA, 2002, DIABETES CARE, V25, P259 BUNYAPRAPHATSARA N, 1996, PHYTOMEDICINE, V3, P245 CAN A, 2004, BIOL PHARM BULL, V27, P694 CHINTRA P, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V59, P195 DUNAIF A, 1997, ENDOCR REV, V18, P774 GROVER JK, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P81 HANLEY AJG, 2005, CIRCULATION, V112, P3713, DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.559633 JADHAV S, 2004, HEART, V90, P1379, DOI 10.1136/hrt.2004.035170 JIMENEZCHILLARON JC, 2005, DIABETES, V54, P702 KAHN R, 1998, DIABETES CARE, V21, P310 MARQUESVIDAL P, 2002, DIABETES CARE, V25, P1371 MATTHEWS DR, 1985, DIABETOLOGIA, V28, P412 RAJASEKARAN S, 2005, PHARMACOL REP, V57, P90 REAVEN GM, 1988, DIABETES, V37, P1595 REAVEN GM, 2005, CLIN CHEM, V51, P931, DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.048611 REYNOLDS T, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P3 RIDDLE JM, 2004, J NEPHROL, V17, P324 SERNE EH, 1999, CIRCULATION, V99, P896 TOMIEFURUYA D, 2005, LIFE SCI, V77, P1813 VAZQUEZ B, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P69 WARRAM JH, 1990, ANN INTERN MED, V113, P909 WINTERS WD, 1995, PHYTOTHER RES, V9, P395 WOLEVER TMS, 2004, DIABETES CARE, V27, P1281 YARON A, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, S11 YONGCHAIYUDHA S, 1996, PHYTOMEDICINE, V3, P241 NR 33 TC 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0192-415X J9 AMER J CHIN MED JI Am. J. Chin. Med. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1046 PG 10 SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Medicine, General & Internal GA 252WM UT ISI:000252477700013 ER PT J AU Ramos-Hernandez, M Avila-Bello, CH Morales-Mavil, JE AF Ramos-Hernandez, Mario Avila-Bello, Carlos H. Morales-Mavil, Jorge E. TI Ethnobotany and ecology of plants used against snake-bite by three traditional healers in the Acayucan region, Veracruz, Mexico SO BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE antiviperin; traditional knowledge; vegetation structure; Veracruz ID FOLK MEDICINE; VENOM AB We studied the ethnobotanical knowledge and analyzed some ecological aspects of plants used in treatments against snakebite by three traditional healers in the Acayucan region, Veracruz, Mexico. The objectives were to identify those plants used in the preparation of the antidote and to describe the overall vegetation structure of two sites where the healers collect these plants. The three healers were interviewed, the relative frequencies of species used were calculated, and the form of use were recorded. Vegetation structure in areas of plant collection was studied by means of 400 m(2)-sites, divided into 25 x 25 m plots. We recorded 16 species that are prepared in three different ways, namely cooking, pulverization and alcoholic extract; all of them are administered orally. The sites where plants are collected are very isolated and fragmented, as they are surrounded by areas used for agriculture and cattle ranching. C1 Univ Veracruzana, Fac Ingn Sistemas Prod Agropecuaria, Acayucan 96000, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Avila-Bello, CH, Univ Veracruzana, Fac Ingn Sistemas Prod Agropecuaria, Km 4-5 Carretera Costera Golfo Acayucan Catemaco, Acayucan 96000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM carlavila@uv.mx CR *GRAIN, 2004, BIODIVERSIDAD, V41, P1 *INEGI, 2004, MAP DIG MEX *PALM BEACH HERP S, 2006, VEN SNAK BIT AKCAKAYA HR, 1999, APPL POPULATION ECOL ALEXIADES MN, 1996, SELECTED GUIDELINES, P53 ARRIGONIBLANK MD, 2002, BMC PHARM, V2, P12 BRAVO E, 2004, BIODIVERSIDAD, V41, P10 CASTRO O, 1999, REV BIOL TROP, V47, P605 CHOUDRY A, 2004, BIODIVERSIDAD, V40, P17 CONNELL JH, 1977, AM NAT, V111, P1119 CURTIS JT, 1951, ECOLOGY, V32, P476 CURTIS JT, 1959, VEGETATION WISCONSIM DELAMO S, 1979, PLANTAS MED ESTADO V DELGADO RGC, 2002, AMENAZA BIOL MITOS F FUENTES VRF, 2001, REV CUBANA PLANTAS M, V3, P105 GARCIAREGALADO G, 1995, PLANTAS MED USO TRAD GARRIDO A, 1997, THESIS U VERACRUZANA GISPERTCRUELLS M, 1998, CORAS PLANTAS ALIMEN GOMEZPOMPA A, 2000, REV GEOGRAFIA AGRICO, V31, P9 HUERTA C, 2002, HERBOLARIA MITO REAL KNEEN B, 2004, BIODIVERSIDAD, V40, P33 LANS C, 2001, BMC COMPLEMENTARY AL, V1, P10 LEVY S, 1999, REV GEOGRAFIA AGRICO, V29, P83 LEWIS WH, 2003, ECON BOT, V57, P126 MARTIN GJ, 2000, ETNOBOTANICA MANUAL MARTINEZRAMOS M, 1995, B SOC BOT MEX, V56, P121 MORS WB, 1991, EC MED PLANT RES, V5, P353 NAKAGAWA M, 1982, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V23, P3855 NUNEZ V, 2004, J MED BIOL RES, V37, P969 PEREIRA NA, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P99 PRIMACK RB, 2004, PRIMER CONSERVATION REYESCHILPA R, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V42, P199 RICKER M, 1998, BOT EC BOSQUES TROPI RIST S, 2000, REV GEOGRAFIA AGRICO, V30, P7 ROBINSON GG, 1999, PATRONES USO PLANTAS RUPPELT BM, 1991, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V86, P203 SANCHEZVELAZQUE.LR, 2000, ECOLOGIA CUANTITATIV SANFORD JP, 1996, CECIL TXB MED SHIMWELL DW, 1972, DESCRIPTION CLASSIFI TUXILL J, 1998, PLANTS PROTECTED ARE VANDERMEER J, 2007, CONSERV BIOL, V21, P274, DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00582.x YATES S, 2004, ECON BOT, V58, P72 NR 42 TC 0 PU SOC BOTANICA MEXICO PI MEXICO PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-385 DELEGACION COYOACAN, CIUDAD UNIV, MEXICO, D F 00000, MEXICO SN 0366-2128 J9 BOL SOC BOT MEX JI Bol. Soc. Bot. Mex. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 81 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 SC Plant Sciences GA 248LT UT ISI:000252155500009 ER PT J AU Estrada-Soto, S Rodriguez-Avilez, A Castaneda-Avila, C Castillo-Espana, P Navarrete-Vazquez, G Hernandez, L Aguirre-Crespo, F AF Estrada-Soto, Samuel Rodriguez-Avilez, Antonino Castaneda-Avila, Cindy Castillo-Espana, Patricia Navarrete-Vazquez, Gabriel Hernandez, Lourdes Aguirre-Crespo, Francisco TI Spasmolytic action of Lepechinia caulescens is through calcium channel blockade and NO release SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial; diarrhoea; lamiaceae; Lepechinia caulescens; Mexican medicinal plants; spasmolytic ID MEXICAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; URSOLIC ACID; RAT AORTA; EXTRACTS; EXPLAINS; DIARRHEA; MUSCLE AB The present study was undertaken to elucidate the mode of action of methanol extract from aerial parts of L. caulescens (TC-MELc) as spasmolytic agent on in vitro rat ileum test, and investigate the possible antibacterial activity of different extracts from the plant. TC-MELc induced a concentration-dependent (0.001 to 100 mu g/mL) antispasmodic effect on spontaneous contractions. TC-MELc also (IC50 11.2 mu g/mL) induced a marked depression on cumulative concentration-response curve for carbachol (E-max=2.3 +/- 0.3 g vs. 0.66 +/- 0.1 g) and serotonin (E-max=1.1 +/- 0.3 g vs. -0.01 +/- 0.09 g). Besides, extract decreased and displaced to the right KCI and CaCl2 concentration-response curves. Moreover, TC-MELc (11.2 mu g/mL) provoked a total relaxation when ileum strips were contracted with carbachol (I mu M) in calcium-free Krebs solution. Pre-treatment with L-NAME (10 mu M) produced a significant change of the relaxant response and activity was markedly inhibited. Additionally, hexanic (IIELc), dichloromethanic (DELc) and methanolic (MELc) extracts from aerial parts were studied to determine their antibacterial activity. DELc showed antibacterial activity on all bacterial strains assayed (<= 100.0 mu g/mL). Data indicate that L. caulescens contains antibacterial and spasmolytic constituents mediating their effect through blockade of Ca2+ influx and NO release, which may explain its traditional use against diarrhoea. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Farm, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Avenida Univ 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. EM enoch@uaem.mx CR *INEGI HLTH MIN, 2004, DIR GEN INF SALUD CO, P2000 AGUIRRECRESPO F, 2005, PHARM BIOL, V43, P540, DOI 10.1080/13880200500220839 AGUIRRECRESPO F, 2006, LIFE SCI, V79, P1062, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.006 BOWMAN A, 1984, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V81, P665 BUXTON ILO, 2006, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P31 DELGADO G, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3159 DELGADO G, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1119 ESTRADA S, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P109 ESTRADA S, 2004, FITOTERAPIA, V75, P690, DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.08.004 GHAYUR MN, 2006, PHYTOTHER RES, V20, P49, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1801 GILANI AH, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V102, P289, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.023 GILANI AH, 2006, BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL, V99, P365 HEINRICH M, 2005, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V57, P1081, DOI 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0002 LANATA CF, 2002, IMPROVING DIARRHOEA LISBALCHIN M, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P579 LIU H, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P92, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.024 MACIEL SS, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P130 MATA R, 1997, PLANTA MED, V63, P31 MOLINASALINAS GM, 2007, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V109, P435, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.014 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P272 OLIVEIRA DF, 2007, FITOTERAPIA, V78, P142, DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.027 PASRICHA PJ, 2006, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P983 PRABUSEENIVASAN S, 2006, BMC COMPLEMENT ALTER, V6, P39 RODRIGUEZLOPEZ V, 2003, FITOTERAPIA, V74, P725, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00187-4 ROJAS A, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P275 ROMANRAMOS R, 2001, PHARM BIOL, V39, P317 SOMOVA LI, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P121 SUFFREDINI IB, 2006, BRAZILIAN J INFECT D, V10, P400 TAKAHASHI T, 2003, J GASTROENTEROL, V38, P421 NR 29 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 237VM UT ISI:000251404500010 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Zamilpa, A Perez-Garcia, MD Almanza-Perez, JC Romero-Nunez, E Campos-Sepulveda, EA Vazquez-Carrillo, LI Roman-Ramos, R AF Alarcon-Aguilar, Francisco J. Zamilpa, Alejandro Perez-Garcia, Ma. Dolores Almanza-Perez, Julio C. Romero-Nunez, Eunice Campos-Sepulveda, Efrain A. Vazquez-Carrillo, Laura I. Roman-Ramos, Ruben TI Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffia on obesity in MSG mice SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hibiscus sabdariffa; obesity; anthocyanins; medicinal plants; anti-obesity plants; edible plant Malvaceae ID MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RATS; HYPERTENSION; ANTIOBESITY; EXPRESSION; REDUCTION; INDUCTION; WEIGHT AB The aim of the present investigation was determine whether a standardized Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces aqueous extract has an effect on body weight in an obese animal model induced by the administration of monosodium, glutamate. Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract, containing 33.64 mg of total anthocyanins per each 120 mg of extract, was orally administered (120 mg/kg/day) for 60 days to healthy and obese mice, and body weight gain, food and liquid intake, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured. Hibiscus sabdariffa administration significantly reduced body weight gain in obese mice and increased liquid intake in healthy and obese mice. ALT levels were significantly increased on the 15th and 45th days in obese mice, but AST levels did not show significant changes. Mortality was not observed in the Hibiscus sabdariffa treated groups. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels showed non-significant reductions in animals treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa. Our data confirm the anti-obesity effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa reported by the Mexican population. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dpto Ciencias Salud DCBS, Farmacol Lab, Iztapalapa, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Farmacol, Toxicol Lab, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dpto Ciencias Salud DCBS, Farmacol Lab, Iztapalapa, Mexico. EM aaasj2@prodigy.net.mx CR *DIAR OF FED, 1999, NOM062ZOO1999 DIAR O AKINDAHUNSI AA, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V89, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00276-9 AMOS S, 2003, PHARM BIOL, V41, P325 AQUINO YD, 2005, REV ELECT LATINOAMER, V17 BUNYAN J, 1976, BRIT J NUTR, V35, P25 CALAPAI G, 1999, FITOTERAPIA, V70, P586 CAMPFIELD LA, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1383 CAMPOSSEPULVEDA AE, 2002, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V45, P44 DARWISH RA, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P359 FARAJI MH, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V65, P231 GLENNY AM, 1997, INT J OBESITY, V21, P715 GOMIS BR, 2004, REV MED-U NAVAARRA, V48, P63 HAN LK, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P1188, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1404 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P375, DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.04.001 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2007, PLANTA MED, V73, P6, DOI 10.1055/s-2006-957065 HIDAKA S, 2004, PHYTOTHER RES, V18, P164, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1178 HIRUNPANICH V, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V103, P252, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.033 KIM MS, 2003, J ALTERN COMPLEM MED, V9, P499 MORTON J, 1987, FRUITS WARM CLIMATES, P281 MULLER BM, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P60 MUNOZ M, 2004, NUTR HOSP, V11, P319 NAGATA M, 2006, EXP ANIM TOKYO, V55, P109 ODIGIE IP, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V86, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00078-3 OLATUNJI LA, 2005, PHARM BIOL, V43, P471, DOI 10.1080/13880200590963934 ONO Y, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V106, P238, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.036 SEIDELL JC, 1997, BRIT MED BULL, V53, P238 TAUBES G, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1367 TIAN WX, 2004, LIFE SCI, V74, P2389, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.064 TSENG TH, 2000, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V60, P307 WICKELGREN I, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1364 WOODS SC, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1378 NR 31 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT 8 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 224OI UT ISI:000250455900007 ER PT J AU Castillo-Juarez, I Rivero-Cruz, F Celis, H Romero, I AF Castillo-Juarez, Israel Rivero-Cruz, Fausto Celis, Heliodoro Romero, Irma TI Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of anacardic acids from Amphipterygium adstringens SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helicobacter pylori; anacardic acids; antibacterial activity; amphiptetygium adstringens; long-chain phenols; anacardiaceae ID LONG-CHAIN PHENOLS; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; METHYL-ESTER; STEM BARK; CASHEW; OCCIDENTALE; AGENTS; CONSTITUENTS; INHIBITION; INFECTION AB Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Standl. (Anacardiaceae) is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of gastritis and ulcers. In this work, we studied the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of its bark, this Gram-negative bacterium is considered the major etiological agent of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and it is linked to gastric carcinoma. From a bio-guided assay of the fractions obtained form a continuous Soxhlet extraction of the bark, we identified that petroleum ether fraction had significant antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori. From this fraction, we isolated an anacardic acids mixture and three known triterpenes: masticadienonic acid; 3 alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic acid; 3-epi-oleanolic; as well as the sterol beta-sitosterol. Only the anacardic acids mixture exhibits a potent dose-dependent antibacterial activity (MIC = 10 mu g/ml in broth cultures). It is enriched in saturated alkyl phenolic acids (C-15:0, C-16:0, C-17:0 C-19:0) which represents a novel source of these compounds with potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. The promising use of anacardic acids and Amphipterygium adstringens bark in the development of an integral treatment of Helicobacter pylori diseases is discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fisiol Celular, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Romero, I, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM iromero@ifc.unam.mx CR ABE F, 2005, BIOL PHARM BULL, V28, P1314 ACEVEDO HR, 2006, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V609, P43, DOI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.002 ARRIETA J, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P905 BORRELLI F, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P581 DIMARIO F, 2006, DIGEST DIS, V24, P113, DOI 10.1159/000090315 GELLERMAN JL, 1969, CAN J MICROBIOL, V15, P1219 GRAZZINI R, 1991, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V176, P775 HIRAI Y, 1995, J BACTERIOL, V177, P5327 KAWASE M, 2004, ANTI-INFECT AGENTS M, V3, P89 KUBO I, 1993, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V41, P1012 KUBO I, 1993, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V41, P1016 KUBO J, 1999, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V47, P533 KUSTERS JG, 2006, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V19, P449, DOI 10.1128/CMR.00054-05 MAHADY GB, 2005, CURR PHARM DESIGN, V11, P2405 MAKINO M, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P891, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.12.012 MATA R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P147 NAVARRETE A, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P579 NAVARRETE A, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P1 ORTEGA AGO, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P109 OVIEDOCHAVEZ I, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P436, DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.05.003 RIVEROCRUZ I, 2005, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V57, P1117, DOI 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0007 SORIANOGARCIA M, 1987, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V43, P990 SPENCER GF, 1980, J NAT PRODUCTS, V43, P724 SULLIVAN JT, 1982, PLANTA MED, V44, P175 TOYOMIZU M, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, P252 TOYOMIZU M, 2000, LIFE SCI, V66, P229 TREVISAN MTS, 2006, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V44, P188, DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.012 TYMAN JHP, 1979, CHEM SOC REV, V8, P499 VEGA L, 1999, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V21, P203 WATSON WH, 1987, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V18, P89 NR 30 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT 8 PY 2007 VL 114 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 224OI UT ISI:000250455900008 ER PT J AU Castillo-Juarez, I Romero, I AF Castillo-Juarez, Israel Romero, Irma TI Plants with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity: a review SO BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Review DE anti-H. pylori activity; gastritis; Helicobacter pylori; plant derived agents; ulcer ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CONSTITUENT; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; BRAZILIAN MEDICINAL-PLANT; MONGOLIAN GERBIL MODEL; PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; HUMAN GASTRIC-MUCOSA; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ESSENTIAL OILS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AB The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the main causal agent of active chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. For many years, traditional medicine has made use of several plants for the treatment of these afflictions; nevertheless, their possible effect upon the bacterium has just begun to be investigated. This study summarizes and analyzes the studies, conducted up to date, of plants with anti-H. pylori activity. It is proposed that their action on H. pylori is mainly directed to the depletion of bacterial population rather than to its eradication, as the current anti-ulcer therapy does. Plant species are presented as a very diverse source of bactericidal compounds, as well as for the development of new therapies for H. pylori control. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Castillo-Juarez, I, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Soc. Bot. Mex. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 80 BP 35 EP 61 PG 27 SC Plant Sciences GA 209OO UT ISI:000249398100005 ER PT J AU Herrera-Arellano, A Jimenez-Ferrer, E Zamilpa, A Morales-Valdez, M Garcia-Valencia, CE Tortoriello, J AF Herrera-Arellano, Armando Jimenez-Ferrer, Enrique Zamilpa, Alejandro Morales-Valdez, Marisol Garcia-Valencia, Claudia E. Tortoriello, Jaime TI Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized herbal product from Galphimia glauca on generalized anxiety disorder. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial controlled with lorazepam SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Galphimia glauca; Malpighiaceae; galphimine B; plant-derived medicine; anxiolytic, lorazepam; generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TEGMENTAL AREA NEURONS; EXTRACT; MULTICENTER; PREGABALIN; GEPIRONE; SAFETY AB Galphimia glauca Cav. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine as a "nerve tranquilizer". Previous studies have demonstrated that the methanolic extract from this plant species possess an anxiolytic effect. Galphimine B (GB, a nor-seco-triterpene), is the active principle, with an innovative action mechanism. Against this background, a standardized herbal medicinal product was developed from the aqueous extract of G. glauca (GgHP). The present work compared the therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of the new GgHP with lorazepam on patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). By means of a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, outpatients of either sex who matched the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria with a score of >= 19 points on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were included. The experimental group was treated orally with GgHP in capsules twice a day for 4 weeks. The control group received lorazepam (1 mg) under the same conditions and presentation. A total of 152 patients were included in the trial (72 in the experimental group). From the first week of treatment, GgHP showed important anxiolytic effectiveness, very similar to that produced with lorazepam. Both treatments showed therapeutic safety (no alterations on biochemical analysis of hepatic and renal function). Nevertheless, concerning side effects, GgHP evidenced a considerably higher tolerability than lorazepam. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. HGR, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jtortora2@yahoo.es CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P472 *COM PERM FARM EST, 2004, FARM EST UN MEX, P311 *ORG MUND SAL, 2003, DIR OMS BUEN PRACT A AGUILARSANTAMARIA L, 2007, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V109, P35, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.06.013 ALPERT JE, 2004, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V65, P1069 ANDREATINI R, 2002, PHYTOTHER RES, V16, P650, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1027 BIELSKI RJ, 2005, ANN CLIN PSYCHIAT, V17, P65 BOERNER RJ, 2003, PHYTOMEDICINE S4, V10, P38 COUVEE JE, 2002, ADDICTION, V97, P337 ESTRADA E, 1985, JARDIN BOTANICO PLAN, P15 FELTNER DE, 2003, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V23, P240 GONZALEZCORTAZAR M, 2005, PLANTA MED, V71, P711, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-871224 GOODMAN WK, 2005, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V87, P161, DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2004.11.011 HADLEY S, 2003, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V67, P1755 HERRERARUIZ M, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P59, DOI 10.1021/np050305x HERRERARUIZ M, 2006, PHYTOMEDICINE, V13, P23 KESSLER RC, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V51, P8 KESSLER RC, 2005, PSYCHOL MED, V35, P1073, DOI 10.1017/S0033291705004538 LLORCA PM, 2002, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V63, P1020 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P402 PRIETOGOMEZ B, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P38 RICKELS K, 1997, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V17, P272 RICKELS K, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P1022 ROJAS G, 2005, PLANTA MED, V71, UNSP 076-8 SCHULZE J, 2003, PHYTOMEDICINE S4, V10, P68 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P234 TORTORIELLO J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P398 TORTORIELLO J, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P309 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 NR 29 TC 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 73 IS 8 BP 713 EP 717 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 195UN UT ISI:000248437500001 ER PT J AU Alcaraz-Melendez, L Real-Cosio, S Suchy, V Svajdlenka, E AF Alcaraz-Melendez, Lilia Real-Cosio, Sergio Suchy, Vaclav Svajdlenka, Emil TI Differences in essential oil production and leaf structure in phenotypes of damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd.) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE essential oils; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; phenotypes; structure and ultrastructure; Turnera diffusa ID PLANTS AB Plants of damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd.) are important to industry and traditional medicine in semi-arid climates. Although all populations are wild, no reports have been made previously of their different phenotypes. Here, we investigated various micromorphological characteristics and the levels of essential oils in two phenotypes. Oils were extracted from fresh leaves via hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas ch romatography- mass spectrometry. Morphological analyses were conducted under a stereoscopic microscope and with a scanning electron microscope. In all, 56 compounds were identified, enabling us to distinguish separate phenotypes. DL1 plants mainly contained 1,8-cineole, 10-epi gamma eudesmol, and guaiol; whereas those of DL2 primarily constituted P-pinene, beta-caryophyliene oxide, cadinene, and (alpha-cadinol. These two phenotypes also differed in their morphologies, with DL1 leaves showing elevated essential oil concentrations, but lacking trichomes. In contrast, the DL2 plants had lower contents of essential oils but did possess trichomes on their abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. This documentation of individual damiana phenotypes is the initial process toward validating the quality of essential oils from this species as well as inherent structural variations. C1 Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. Vet & Pharmaceut Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Nat Drugs, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Alcaraz-Melendez, L, Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. EM lalcaraz04@cibnor.mx CR ALCARAZMELENDEZ L, 2002, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V96, P293 ALCARAZMELENDEZ L, 2004, FITOTERAPIA, V75, P696, DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.001 DIAZRONDERO AJ, 1987, PLANT CELL TISSUE OR, V10, P39 EHLERINGER J, 1984, BIOL CHEM PLANT TRIC, P113 FISCHER U, 2004, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V19, P333 JO GG, 2005, J PLANT BIOL, V48, P155 JOHNSON T, 1999, CRC ETHNOBOTANY DESK LINHART YB, 1999, EVOL ECOL RES, V1, P151 SCHULZ H, 2004, VIB SPECTROSC, V35, P81, DOI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2003.12.014 VERPOORTE R, 2000, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V52, P253 WAGNER GJ, 2004, ANN BOT-LONDON, V93, P3, DOI 10.1093/aob/mch011 WIGGINS IL, 1980, FLORA BAJA CALIFORNI NR 12 TC 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC KOREA PI PUCHON PA CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA, DEPT LIFE SCIENCES, PUCHON 420-743, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-9239 J9 J PLANT BIOL JI J. Plant Biol. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 3 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences GA 195XU UT ISI:000248446500023 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Yepez-Mulia, L Tapia-Contreras, A AF Calzada, Fernando Yepez-Mulia, Lilian Tapia-Contreras, Amparo TI Effect of Mexican medicinal plant used to treat trichomoniasis on Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican medicinal plant; Trichomonas vaginalis; antitrichomonal activity ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; EXTRACT; INTESTINALIS; SEEDS AB Crude methanolic extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants were screened for antitrichomonal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis, which is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis. Among the plants tested Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera showed the best antitrichomonal activity with IC50 values of 5.6 and 5.8 mu g/ml, respectively. The extracts of Bocconia frutescens, Geranium mexicanum, and Lygodium venustum showed moderate activity with IC50 values ranging from 30.9 to 60.9 mu g/ml. All the other plant extracts were inactive (IC50 > 100 mu g/ml). All extracts tested were less active than metronidazole (IC50 0.037 mu g/ml), an antiprotozoal drug used as positive control. The results of the antiprotozoal screening support the popular uses of five of the plants tested for the treatment of some urogenital tract disorders in Mexican traditional medicine. However, seeds of Carica papaya and aerial parts of Bocconia frutescens should be used in herbal medicine with care to avoid toxicity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UMAE Hosp Pediat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. UMAE Hosp Pediat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med & Enfermedades Infecciosas & Pa, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, UMAE Hosp Pediat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, 2 Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalberl@hotmail.com CR ADEBIYI A, 2005, PHYTOTHER RES, V19, P628, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1706 AGUILAR A, 1994, INFORM ETNOBOTANICA ANSARI KM, 2006, CANCER LETT, V244, P109, DOI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.014 BHAT GP, 2001, AM J TROP MED HYG, V65, P304 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V98, P191, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.019 CALZADA F, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V108, P367, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.025 CEDILLORIVERA R, 2002, J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL, V49, P201 GARDNER TB, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P114 HARRIS JC, 2000, MICROBIOL-UK 12, V146, P3119 MENDONCA RR, 2004, RES MICROBIOL, V155, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.12.001 MUELASSERRANO S, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P101 MUNDODI V, 2006, BMC MICROBIOL, V6, P31, DOI 10.1016/1471-2180-6-6 SCHWEBKE JR, 2004, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V17, P794 SWYGARD H, 2004, SEX TRANSM INFECT, V80, P91, DOI 10.1136/sti.2003.005124 TAGBOTO S, 2001, ADV PARASIT, V50, P199 TONA L, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P57 UDOH FV, 2005, PHARM BIOL, V43, P349, DOI 10.1080/13880200590951810 UPCROFT JA, 2006, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V50, P344, DOI 10.1128/AAC.50.1.344-347.2006 UPCROFT P, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P150 VELARDEJURADO E, 2003, SALUD PUBLICA MEX S5, V45, S641 NR 22 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 113 IS 2 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 210LE UT ISI:000249456900009 ER PT J AU Narvaez-Mastache, JM Soto, C Delgado, G AF Narvaez-Mastache, Jose Manuel Soto, Claudia Delgado, Guillermo TI Antioxidant evaluation of Eysenhardtia species (Fabaceae): Relay synthesis of 3-O-acetyl-11 a,12 alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28,13 beta-olide isolated from E-platycarpa and its protective effect in experimental diabetes SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Eysenhardtia platycarpa; Fabaceae; 3-O-acetyl-11 alpha,12 alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28,13 beta-olide; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; diabetes ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TOTAL PROTEIN; BETA-CELLS; GLUTATHIONE; ACID; COMPLICATIONS; POLYSTACHYA; MECHANISM; PANCREAS AB The antioxidant activities of plant extracts from Eysenhardtia platycarpa, E. punctata, and E. subcoriacea (Fabaceae) species, used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes complications, were analyzed in a rat pancreas homogenate model. Methanolic extracts of E. platycarpa, E. punctata, and E. subcoriacea protected the pancreatic homogenate from 2,2-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced damage. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent at concentrations of 10-1000 ppm and correlated with 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) radical scavenger capacity. 3-O-Acetyl-11 alpha,12 alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28,13 beta-olide (1, EC50 =21.2 +/not superset of 2.2 mu m), (+)-catechin (2, EC50 = 7.4 +/not superset of 1.1 mu m), and (+)-catechin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3, EC50 =11.5 +/not superset of 1.5 mu m), natural constituents isolated from the branches of E. platycarpa, displayed significant antioxidant activity. Compounds I and 2 significantly increased (p<0.001) the pancreatic glutathione (GSH) concentration alone and in combination with AAPH treatment. Compound I was obtained from oleanolic acid by relay synthesis via acetylation, bromo-lactonization, dehydrobromination, and oxidation, and its antioxidant effect was evaluated on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. On its own, 1 at a dose of 100 mg/kg b. wt. (i.p.) for 5 d significantly increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT). Simultaneous treatment of 1 (100 mg/kg b. wt.) and STZ significantly reduced the pancreatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration together with a significant increase in the activities of GSHPx and CAT, preventing hyperglycemia induced by STZ after 5 d of treatment. The present study demonstrates the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities of compound I isolated from Eysenhardtia species used in traditional medicine. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Delgado, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuuito Extrior,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM delgado@servidor.unam.mx CR AEBI H, 1974, METHOD ENZYMAT AN, P673 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 ALVAREZ L, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P767 ALVAREZ L, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V50, P681 ANDRADECETTO A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V99, P325, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.019 BANER C, 1985, CHEM LAB METHODS BAYNES JW, 1999, DIABETES, V48, P1 BRADFORD MM, 1976, ANAL BIOCHEM, V72, P248 CHAVEZ MI, 1994, TETRAHEDRON, V50, P3869 DELGADO G, 1986, J CHEM RES, V286, P2565 DELGADO G, 1986, J CHEM RES, V286, P286 DU Y, 2006, PLANTA MED, V72, P222, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-916197 FEILLETCOUDRAY C, 1999, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V284, P31 GARDUNORAMIREZ ML, 2003, REV SOC QUIM MEX, V47, P160 JAMES AM, 2002, J BIOMED SCI 1, V9, P475 KAKKAR R, 1998, CLIN SCI, V94, P623 KASHIWADA Y, 1986, CHEM PHARM BULL, V34, P3208 KIMOTO K, 2003, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V303, P112, DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00310-3 KONO Y, 1983, J BIOL CHEM, V258, P13646 KRENTZ AJ, 2005, DRUGS, V65, P385 LIEGEOIS C, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P1129 MARITIM AC, 2003, J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC, V17, P24, DOI 10.1002/jbt.10058 MARTINEZ M, 1959, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P469 MCVAUGH R, 1987, FLORA NOVO GALICIANA, V5, P1 NARVAEZMASTACHE JM, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P1687, DOI 10.1021/np060166z OHKAWA H, 1979, ANAL BIOCHEM, V95, P351 PAGLIA DE, 1967, J LAB CLIN MED, V70, P158 PAOLISSO G, 1992, AM J PHYSIOL, V263, E435 PETERSON GL, 1983, METHOD ENZYMOL, V91, P95 PIAO XL, 2006, BIOL PHARM BULL, V29, P1911 QUINE SD, 2005, PHARMACOL REP, V57, P610 RAHIMI R, 2005, BIOMED PHARMACOTHER, V59, P365, DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.002 RISVI SI, 2001, J PHYSIOL PHARMACOL, V52, P483 ROBERTSON RP, 2004, J BIOL CHEM, V279, P42351, DOI 10.1074/jbc.R400019200 SCHULZ JB, 2000, EUR J BIOCHEM, V267, P4904 SEDLAK J, 1968, ANAL BIOCHEM, V25, P192 SHAIQ AM, 2002, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V60, P295 SOTO C, 2003, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V136, P205, DOI 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00214-X SUN Y, 1989, CLIN CHEM, V35, P1265 SZKUDELSKI T, 2001, PHYSIOL RES, V50, P536 NR 40 TC 1 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharm. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1503 EP 1510 PG 8 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 209BO UT ISI:000249363300027 ER PT J AU Cabrera, HSL Soucedo, GS Sandoval, ZE Guzman, MJM Mata, RM Cruz, SF Chavez, AVM Litz, RE AF Cabrera, Hilerio-Sandro L. Soucedo, Gutierrez S. Sandoval, Zapotitla E. Guzman, Marquez J. M. Mata, Rosas M. Cruz, Sosa F. Chavez, Avila V. M. Litz, R. E. TI Micropropagation of the medicinal plant Dioon merolae (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), an endangered cycad species.) SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Biotechnol, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Jardin Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 9 BP 1016 EP 1016 PG 1 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 209NS UT ISI:000249395900706 ER PT J AU Guerrero-Analco, J Medina-Campos, O Brindis, F Bye, R Pedraza-Chaverri, J Navarrete, A Mata, R AF Guerrero-Analco, Jose Medina-Campos, Omar Brindis, Fernando Bye, Robert Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose Navarrete, Andres Mata, Rachel TI Antidiabetic properties of selected Mexican copalchis of the Rubiaceae family SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hintonia latiflora; Hintonia standleyana; Exostema caribaeum; copalchi; rubiaceae; 4-phenylcoumarins; cucurbitacins; STZ-induced diabetic rats; diabetes mellitus ID INDUCED DIABETIC-RATS; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; HINTONIA-LATIFLORA; EXOSTEMA-CARIBAEUM; COUTAREA-LATIFLORA; PLANTS; 4-PHENYLCOUMARINS; CONSTITUENTS; STANDLEYANA; METABOLITES AB The extracts prepared from the stem barks of several Mexican copalchis species, including Hintonia latiflora, Exostema caribaeum and a commercial mixture of Hintonia standleyana and E caribaeum (CM) showed significant hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects. The extracts were tested in three different in vivo models using normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. From the active extract of H. latiflora, 25-O-acetyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (1), an analog of 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F, and several known compounds (2 8) were isolated; cucurbitacin I was also isolated from H. standleyana. Oral administration of H. latiflora extract [100 mg/kg of body weight (bw)] and 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7,3',4'-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (5) (30 mg/kg of bw) to STZ-induced diabetic rats, for a 30 day duration, restored blood glucose levels to normal values. The groups treated either with the active principle 5, or the extract of H. latiflora, showed less body weight loss than glibenclamide-treated and diabetic control groups (P < 0.05). It was also demonstrated that the extract of H. latiflora regulated hepatic glycogen and plasma insulin levels (p < 0.05). These data suggest that its antihyperglycemic effect is due in part to stimulation of insulin secretion and regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Mata, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM rachel@servidor.unam.mx CR ADISAKWATTANA S, 2005, LIFE SCI, V78, P406, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.073 AQUINO R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1827 ARGOTTERAMOS R, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P1442, DOI 10.1021/np060233p BASTIEN M, 1961, THESIS FACULTE PHARM DECIGACAMPOS M, 2006, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V83, P342, DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.02.020 GRASSI J, 1991, 1047330, US GUERREROANALCO JA, 2005, PLANTA MED, V71, P1099, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-873137 JONGYUH C, 2005, LIFE SCI, V77, P980 KAISER H, 1955, ARCH PHARM, P535 KHUR R, 1953, LANDARZT, V29, P1 KOHLER I, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P89 KOREC R, 2000, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V50, P122 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P85 MATA R, 1987, J NAT PROD, V50, P866 MATA R, 1988, J NAT PRODUCTS, V51, P851 MATA R, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P2037 MATA R, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P241 MATA R, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3199 MURAT JC, 1974, CLIN CHEM, V20, P1576 NOSTER S, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P63 PINTO A, 1997, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V47, P829 REGUERO MT, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P315 REHER G, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P172 ROJAS A, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P275 SEZIK E, 2005, LIFE SCI, V76, P1223, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.024 SLIJEPCEVIC M, 1997, ACTA THERAP, V23, P47 SUBASHBABU P, 2004, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V56, P1435 VERSPOHL EJ, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P581 NR 28 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD AUG PY 2007 VL 68 IS 15 BP 2087 EP 2095 PG 9 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 203LS UT ISI:000248976700008 ER PT J AU Figueroa, M Rivero-Cruz, I Rivero-Cruz, B Bye, R Navarrete, A Mata, R AF Figueroa, Mario Rivero-Cruz, Isabel Rivero-Cruz, Blanca Bye, Robert Navarrete, Andres Mata, Rachel TI Constituents, biological activities and quality control parameters of the crude extract and essential oil from Arracacia tolucensis var. multifida SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arracacia tolucensis var. multifida; spasmolytic activity; antimicrobial activity; coumarins; antimycobacterial; umbelliferae ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; COUMARINS; OSTHOLE AB Bioassay guided fractionation of an antimycobacterial extract of Arracacia tolucensis var. multifida (Umbelliferae) led to the isolation of isoimperatorin (1), osthol (2), suberosin (3), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) (4), herniarin (5), scoparone (6), umbelliferone (7), dihydroxypeucedanin (8), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) (9), isoscopoletin (10) and scopoletin (11). The isolates were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and only 1-4 showed significant activity with MIC values of 64, 32, 16 and 128 mu g/mL, respectively. The essential oil showed moderate in vitro antibacterial activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The volatile oil of Arracacia tolucensis var. multifida was analyzed by GC-MS and found to be composed mainly by 2 and 3. The essential oil (IC50 = 116.4 +/- 23.2 mu g/mL) and the extract (IC50 = 1153.1 +/- 53.2 mu g/mL) of the plant provoked concentration dependent inhibition of the tone and amplitude of the guinea-pig ileum spontaneous contractions; the latter activity was related with the high coumarin content of this species. A suitable (novel and rapid) HPLC method to quantify the major active coumarins of the plant was developed. The method provides also a reproducible fingerprint useful for identity tests of this plant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. RP Mata, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. EM rachel@servidor.unam.mx CR 2005, TRIP INT C HARM TEXT *NAT COMM CLIN LAB, 1997, METH DIL ANT SUSC TE *NAT COMM CLIN LAB, 2003, PERF STAND ANT DISK ALDERMAN DJ, 2001, AQUACULTURE, V196, P211 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1, P340 BOIS D, 1904, B SOC NATURELLE ACCE, V51, P116 CALDERON J, 1975, ISOLATION IDENTIFICA, V38, P174 CALL T, 1956, P MONATA ACAD SCI, V16, P49 CHEMING T, 2004, ARCH PHARM, V349, P202 CHEN J, 2000, J UROLOGY, V163, P1975 COLLINS LA, 1997, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V41, P1004 DECIGACAMPOS M, 2007, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V110, P334, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.001 DELGADO G, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P1139 ESTEVEZBRAUN A, 1997, NAT PROD REP, V14, P465 HARKAR S, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P419 IVIE GW, 1978, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V26, P1394 LI L, 1994, XI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO, V15, P164 LIU H, 2002, ZHONGGUO YIKE DAXUE, V31, P249 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTS MED MEXICO MITSCHER LA, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P1025 NOVAK I, 1967, ACTA PHARM HUNG, V37, P131 OJALA T, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P299 REISCH J, 1966, COMPONENT RUTA GRAVE, V21, P628 ROJAS A, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P51 ROJAS A, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P154 SCHINKOVITZ A, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P369 TENG CM, 1994, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V349, P202 NR 27 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 113 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 204OZ UT ISI:000249055200014 ER PT J AU Aguilar, MI Osorio, N Bernal, I Navarrette, A Bye, R AF Aguilar, Maria Isabel Osorio, Nadia Bernal, Israel Navarrette, Andres Bye, Robert TI Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method for quantification of Xanthorrhizol in roots of Iostephane heterophylla (Cav.) Benth ex Hemsl SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENTS; ASTERACEAE; GLYCOSIDE AB Roots of lostephane heterophylia (Cav.) Benth ex Hemsl are used mainly in Mexican traditional medicine to heal skin problems. The development of a column high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-UV detector method for the determination of xanthorrhizol, the major and active component of the roots of I. heterophylia, is described in this paper. The content of this compound was quantitatively determined employing a Symmetry (R) C18 5 mu m particle size column with the isocratic mobile phase acetonitrile-water (85 + 15). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection was at 230 nm. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.2 and 0.5 mu g/mL, respectively. Quantities of xanthorrhizol measured by this method ranged between 1.8 to 10.94 mg/g of root of the plant in 11 different samples of I. heterophylia. Xanthorrhizol was not detected in a sample of 1. madrensis, so xanthorrhizol could be used as a marker compound of I. heterophylia. The LC method described here was shown to be reliable, reproducible, and accurate. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Aguilar, MI, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM laurents@servidor.unam.mx CR *ICH, 1997, INT C HARM GEN SWITZ AGUILAR MI, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P1161 AGUILAR MI, 1995, NAT PROD LETT, V7, P155 AGUILAR MI, 2001, NAT PROD LETT, V15, P93 ALMEIDA AM, 2002, J CHROMATOGR B, V774, P215 BYE R, 1985, 2 MUMMIES CHIHUAHUA, V19, P77 CAMPOS MG, 2000, LIFE SCI, V67, P327 CATALAN CAN, 2006, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V4, P25 DELGADO G, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P493 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 MATA R, 2001, J NAT PROD, V64, P911 PONCEMONTER H, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P202 RIMPLER H, 1970, Z NATURFORSCH, V25, P995 SANDOVAL E, 2005, B SOC BOT MEX, V77, P65 NR 14 TC 0 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 892 EP 896 PG 5 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology GA 196YT UT ISI:000248520200008 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Galicia, G Garduno-Juarez, R Hemmateenejad, B Deeb, O Estrada-Soto, S AF Ramirez-Galicia, Guillermo Garduno-Juarez, Ramon Hemmateenejad, Bahram Deeb, Omar Estrada-Soto, Samuel TI QSAR study on the relaxant agents from some Mexican medicinal plants and synthetic related organic compounds SO CHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN LA English DT Article DE cheminformatics; natural products; quantitative structure-activity; relationship; spasmolytic agents; structure-based drug design ID GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ESSENTIAL OIL; MODEL; CONSTITUENTS; IDENTIFICATION; STILBENOIDS; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITORS AB Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship studies were performed to describe and predict the antispasmodic activity of some molecules isolated from Mexican Medicinal Flora as well as for some synthetic ones based on stilbenoid bioisosteres. The relaxant activity of these molecules was taken from experiments on rat and guineapig ileum tissues. Given that there is some evidence of species-specific on the relaxant effects, two data sets were proposed, one for rat ileum and the other for guinea-pig ileum. These data were statistically treated in order to find a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship model that could describe the corresponding biological models. The goodness of prediction for the best models was measured in terms of the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation R-2 (LOO q(2)) and the correlation coefficients of regressions through the origin (RTO R-0(2)). Results show that papaverine activity could not be used as reference in rat ileum tests; however, this molecule can be used as a good reference molecule in guinea-pig ileum tests. Our study shows that MATS5p and R8m+ descriptors are the most important descriptors in predicting the rat ileum activity and that atomic polarizability is the main atomic property. On the other hand, the R3u GETAWAY descriptor turns out to be important in predicting the guinea-pig ileum activity where the influence/distance of substituents on these molecules could describe the observed activity. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. Shiraz Univ, Dept Chem, Shiraz 71345, Iran. Al Quds Univ, Fac Pharm, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Ramirez-Galicia, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, POB 78-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. 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Biol. Drug Des. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 205QA UT ISI:000249128500007 ER PT J AU Martinez, MA Evangelista, V Basurto, F Mendoza, M Cruz-Rivas, A AF Martinez, Miguel Angel Evangelista, Virginia Basurto, Francisco Mendoza, Myrna Cruz-Rivas, Antonio TI Useful plants of the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD LA Spanish DT Article DE coffee plantations; useful plants; plant diversity; Puebla; Mexico ID COFFEE; DIVERSITY AB Coffee plantations in the Sierra Norte de Puebla (SNP) are agroecosystems with variable composition and structure. These agroecosystems include native and introduced plant species, as well as cultivated and wild ones. Plant diversity in coffee plantations is closely related to the social, economic, and ecological context into which coffee production is inserted. In the last decade, coffee cultivation has been in crisis due to low prices. Nevertheless, farmers of the SNP maintain their plantations as a source of income, with new strategies such as the introduction or increase of plants with economic value, like allspice (Pimenta dioica), mamey (Pouteria sapota), and medicinal plants, taking advantage of the versatility and possibilities for reorganization of these agroecosystems. In this paper we provide an inventory of the useful coffee plantation flora of the SNP, having recorded 319 species, 238 genera and 99 families of plants, some of which could represent new sources of income. A total of 256 species are native and 63 introduced, grouped in 13 anthropocentric categories, of which medicinal and food plants are more numerous. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Basurto, F, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Apartado Postal 70-614, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM abasurto@ibiologia.unam.mx CR *SEGOB, 2001, SIST NAC INF MUN *SERV INF AGR PESQ, 2001, AN EST PROD AGR EST ALLEN BJ, 1985, AGROFOREST SYST, V3, P227 ALVARADO R, 2004, THESIS BENEMERITA U APARICIO A, 1995, THESIS UNAM REYES IZ BANDEIRA FP, 2002, THESIS UNAM MEXICO BANDEIRA FP, 2005, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V14, P1225, DOI 10.1007/s10531-004-7843-2 BASURTO F, 1982, THESIS UNAM MEXICO CABALLERO L, 1984, THESIS UNAM LOS REYE CASTRO A, 1988, THESIS UNAM LOS REYE CASTRO A, 2000, THESIS UNAM MEXICO D CRUZ A, 1995, THESIS UNAM MEXICO CRUZ A, 2004, THESIS UNAM MEXICO ESPADAS M, 1982, THESIS UNAM REYES IZ EVANGELISTA V, 1987, THESIS UNAM MEXICO EVANGELISTA V, 1999, THESIS UNAM MEXICO FERRUSQUIAVILLA.I, 1993, BIOL DIVERSITY MEXIC, P3 GODOY R, 1989, HUM ECOL, V16, P397 LOPEZ C, 2004, PRODUCTOS FORESTALES, V3, P387 LOPEZ E, 1988, THESIS UNAM LOS REYE MARTINEZ E, 1992, THESIS UNAM MEXICO MARTINEZ M, 1995, CATALOGO PLANTAS UTI MARTINEZ M, 2004, PRODUCTOS FORESTALES, V3, P23 MOGUEL P, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P1 MORALES G, 1987, THESIS UNAM MEXICO NESTEL D, 1992, ACTA OECOL, V13, P715 NESTEL D, 1995, ECOL ECON, V15, P165 NOBLE IR, 1997, SCIENCE, V277, P522 PERFECTO I, 1996, BIOSCIENCE, V46, P598 PERFECTO I, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V108, P577 SOTO L, 2000, THESIS UNAM MEXICO VILLALOBOS G, 1994, THESIS UNAM MEXICO VILLASENOR R, 1988, THESIS UNAM MEXICO ZURITA AD, 2004, THESIS UNAM LOS REYE NR 34 TC 0 PU INST BIOLOGIA, UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO PI MEXICO PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-233, MEXICO, D F 00000, MEXICO SN 1870-3453 J9 REV MEX BIODIVERS JI Rev. Mex. Biodivers. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 15 EP 40 PG 26 SC Biodiversity Conservation GA 191IO UT ISI:000248125100003 ER PT J AU de Esparza, RR Bye, R Meckes, M Lopez, JT Jimenez-Estrada, M AF de Esparza, R. Ruiz Bye, R. Meckes, M. Lopez, J. Torres Jimenez-Estrada, M. TI Antibacterial activity of Piqueria trinervia, a Mexican medicinal plant used to treat diarrhea SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; mexican medicinal plant; Piqueria trinervia AB Intestinal infectious diseases are among the top 10 causes of mortality in Mexico. Children under 5 years of age and adults over 65 years are the most affected; the incidence is greater in rural and indigenous communities. Traditional remedies based on medicinal plants are commonly used; however, the biological activity of many of them has been poorly studied. Thus, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of the Piqueria trinervia Cav. (Asteraceae) plant used to treat diarrhea in Mexico. The extracts were tested in vitro against 11 strains: Escherichia coli, E. coli multidrug resistant (MDR), Salmonella typhi, Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae not toxic, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter agglomerans. The hexane extract obtained from the thick roots was active against the 11 strains. The ethyl acetate extract from the thin roots was active against eight of the strains; poor activity was detected in dichloromethane and methanol extracts. C1 UNAM, Inst Quim, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. UNAM, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. IMMS, Ctr Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Investigac Med Farmacol Productos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Investigac Med Enfermedades Infecciosas &, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP de Esparza, RR, Circuito Exterior S-N,Cd Univ Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM manuelj@servidor.unam.mx CR ALANIS AJ, 2005, ARCH MED RES, V6, P698 ALTAMIRANO MME, 1991, THESIS U NACL AUTONO, P91 ANDERSSON DI, 2003, CURR OPIN MICROBIOL, V6, P452, DOI 10.1016/j.mib.2003.09.001 BAUER AW, 1966, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V45, P493 BAYTELMAN B, 1981, ETNOBOTANICA ESTADO, P30 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 DESALUD S, 2005, MORTALIDAD 2004, P43 FARIAS H, 1886, LIGERO ESTUDIO SOBRE, P1 GONZALEZ JT, 1984, THESIS FACULTAD CIEN, P53 HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 2005, FITOTERAPIA, V76, P453, DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.006 JIAN LL, 2005, MEDL HYPOTHESIS, V6, P1000 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1996, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V44, P2839 KONEMAN EW, 1999, DIAGNOSTICO MICROBIO, P795 MASCARRUA GIL, 1996, THESIS U NACL AUTONO, P113 PARAY L, 1953, B SOC BOT MEX, V15, P1 PASILLAS GDG, 2004, THESIS FACULTAD ESTU, P152 SALAZAR LCG, 1985, CONOCIMIENTO USOS ME, P83 TAPIACONYER R, 1994, SALUD PUEBLOS INDIGE, P60 VILLAMAR AA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P747 WALLER DP, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P89 NR 20 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 446 EP 452 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 199YT UT ISI:000248731800003 ER PT J AU Escobedo-Martinez, C Pereda-Miranda, R AF Escobedo-Martinez, Carolina Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio TI Resin glycosides from Ipomoea pes-caprae SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ROOTS AB Ipomoea pes-caprae (beach morning-glory; "rinonina" for the herbal drug in Mexico) is prescribed by traditional healers to moderate "heat" in an infected kidney. The hexane-soluble extract from the aerial parts of this medicinal plant, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded six new lipophilic oligosaccharides of jalapinolic acid: pescaproside B (1) and pescapreins V-IX (2-6). The previously known pescaproside A (7), pescapreins I-IV (8-11), and stoloniferin III (12) were also identified in the analyzed material by means of HPLC comparison with authentic samples. The glycosidic acid structure for all pentasaccharides was confirmed as simonic acid B. Pescaproside B (1), an acylated glycosidic acid methyl ester, is structurally related to pescaprein III (10). Pescapreins V (2) and VI (3) are diasteroisomeric tetraglycosidic lactones of operculinic acid C. Both of these compounds contain (2S)-methylbutyric and n-dodecanoic acids as their esterifying residues. Pescapreins VII (4) and IX (6) are pentasaccharides that contain an n-decanoyl group as their esterifying fatty acid residue instead of the n-dodecanoyl found in pescapreins I (8) and IV (11). Pescaprein VIII (5) represents an isomer of pescaprein II (9) containing an n-dodecanoyl unit as the esterifying residue at position C-4 of the third rhamnose moiety and a 2-methylpropanoyl at C-2 of the second rhamnose. High-field NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry were used to characterize all new isolated compounds. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farmaceut, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farmaceut, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM pereda@servidor.unam.mx CR ASSELEIH C, 1997, FLORA MED VERACRUZ, P184 AUSTIN AL, 1988, HUMAN BODY IDEOLOGY, P270 BAH M, 1996, TETRAHEDRON, V52, P13063 CALIS I, 2007, J NAT PROD, V70, P43, DOI 10.1021/np060511k CHERIGO L, 2006, J NAT PRODUCTS, V69, P595 DEMONTELLANO O, 1990, AZTEC MED HLTH NUTR, P213 DU XM, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V48, P843 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MEDICINALES, P486 NODA N, 1992, CHEM PHARM BULL, V40, P3163 NODA N, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P365 ONO M, 1989, CHEM PHARM BULL, V37, P3209 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2002, TETRAHEDRON, V58, P3145 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2003, CURR TOP MED CHEM, V3, P111 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2005, J NAT PROD, V68, P226, DOI 10.1021/np0496340 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P1460, DOI 10.1021/np060295f NR 15 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 974 EP 978 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 181KQ UT ISI:000247436000014 ER PT J AU Herrera-Ruiz, M Gutierrez, C Jimenez-Ferrer, JE Tortoriello, J Miron, G Leon, I AF Herrera-Ruiz, Maribel Gutierrez, Carmen Jimenez-Ferrer, J. Enrique Tortoriello, Jaime Miron, Gumersindo Leon, Ismael TI Central nervous system depressant activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea stans roots SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ipomoea stans; convolvulaceae; central nervous system; GABA; Mexican traditional medicine ID RATS; ANXIETY; MICE AB lpomoea stans Cav., popularly known as "tumbavaqueros", is a plant widely used in Mexico for the treatment of epileptic seizures and nervous disorders. This work researched the action of the ethyl acetate extract from the root of L stans (IS-EAE) on the central nervous system (CNS). The administration of IS-EAE (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an anxiolytic effect in mice. This extract (20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg of IS-EAE protected mice against pentylenetetrazole- induced convulsions and increased the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital. The administration of IS-EAE was able to increase the release of GABA in brain cortex of mice. These results suggest that IS-EAE possess anxiolytic and anticonvulsaut effects, and could have potential sedative effect, probably through a GABAergic system. The extract did not show antidepressant effects on mice exposed to forced swimming test. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Xochietepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Leon, I, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Ave Univ 1001 Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. EM ismaelr@ciq.uaem.mx CR ARCHER J, 1973, ANIM BEHAV, V21, P205 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P659 CONTRERAS CM, 1996, PHYTOMEDICINE, V3, P41 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, P329 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1992, CAN J CHEM, V70, P1000 FILE SE, 1994, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V47, P823 GOLOUBKOVA TD, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P141 GONZALEZ D, 1985, ESTUDIO POSIBLE ACTI, V27, P485 GUTIERREZ MC, 1989, NEUROCHEM RES, V14, P505 LISTER RG, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V92, P180 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MASUR J, 1971, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA, V19, P388 NAVARRORUIZ A, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P242 PELLOW S, 1986, METHOD FIND EXP CLIN, V8, P557 PORSOLT RD, 1977, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V229, P327 REYNOLDS WF, 1995, J NAT PROD, V58, P1730 ROYBYRNE PP, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT S2, V66, P12 RZEDOWSKI J, 1985, FLORA FANEROGAMICA V, V2, P250 WILLEMSEN H, 1996, P IEEE GAAS IC S, V1, P10 YOGEESWARI P, 2005, CURR DRUG METAB, V6, P127 NR 20 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 180JP UT ISI:000247359500005 ER PT J AU Peraza-Sanchez, SR Cen-Pacheco, F Noh-Chimal, A May-Pat, F Sima-Polanco, P Dumonteil, E Garcia-Miss, MR Mut-Martin, M AF Peraza-Sanchez, S. R. Cen-Pacheco, F. Noh-Chimal, A. May-Pat, F. Sima-Polanco, P. Dumonteil, E. Garcia-Miss, M. R. Mut-Martin, M. TI Leishmanicidal evaluation of extracts from native plants of the Yucatan peninsula SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE yucatan; leishmanicidal activity; Leishmania mexicana ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; TRIDAX-PROCUMBENS; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; DORSTENIA-CONTRAJERVA; MILLERIA-QUINQUEFLORA; GLIRICIDIA-SEPIUM; AERIAL PARTS; CONSTITUENTS; DERIVATIVES; GLYCOSIDES AB Methanol extracts were prepared from different parts of 18 plants collected in the Yucatan peninsula and evaluated in an in vitro bioassay for leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. The ten most potent plant extracts (IC50 < 50 mu g/ ml) were Aphelandra scabra leaves, Byrsonima bucidaefolia bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Clusia flava leaves, Cupania dentata bark, Diphysa carthagenensis leaves, Dorstenia contrajerva whole plant, Milleria quinqueflora roots, Tridax procumbens whole plant, and Vitex gaumeri bark. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Peraza-Sanchez, SR, Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Calle 41 130,Col Chuburna Hidalgo, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. EM speraza@cicy.mx CR ABE F, 1992, CHEM PHARM BULL, V40, P2917 AKBAR E, 2002, HETEROCYCLES, V57, P733 ALI M, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P313 ALI MS, 2002, NAT PROD LETT, V16, P217, DOI 10.1080/10575630290020451 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR BARRETT B, 1994, ECON BOT, V48, P8 BARRIOS M, 1991, ING CIENC QUIM, V13, P27 BERGER I, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P107 BOHLMANN F, 1976, CHEM BER, V109, P2653 CACERES A, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P376 CASTRO V, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V53, P257 CESPEDES R, 1992, INGENIERIA CIENCIA Q, V14, P6 COE FG, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P29 COMERFORD SC, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P327 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P139 DOSSAJI SF, 1975, BIOCH SYST ECOL, V2, P171 DREYER DL, 1966, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V5, P367 DURAN R, 2000, LISTADO FLORISTICO P EULER KL, 1982, J NAT PRODUCTS, V45, P220 HERATH HMTB, 2000, FITOTERAPIA, V71, P722 HOCQUEMILLER R, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P445 HUBNER H, 2001, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V57, P285 JAKUPOVIC J, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P2011 MENDIETA RM, 1981, PLANTAS MED ESTADO Y MEURERGRIMES B, 1996, INT J PHARMACOGN, V34, P243 RASTRELLI L, 1999, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V47, P1537 TOVARMIRANDA R, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P1216 VERMA RK, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P459 WAGNER H, 1993, INT J PHARMACOGN, V31, P7 WOLLENWEBER E, 1985, NATURFORSCHER C, V50, P321 ZAMORAMARTINEZ MC, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P229 NR 31 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 179FA UT ISI:000247273900008 ER PT J AU Carino-Cortes, R Hernandez-Ceruelos, A Torres-Valencia, JM Gonzalez-Avila, A Arriaga-Alba, M Madrigal-Bujaidar, E AF Carino-Cortes, R. Hernandez-Ceruelos, A. Torres-Valencia, J. M. Gonzalez-Avila, A. Arriaga-Alba, M. Madrigal-Bujaidar, E. TI Antimutagenicity of Stevia pilosa and Stevia eupatoria evaluated with the Ames test SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE Stevia pilosa; Stevia eupatoria; antimutagenesis; antioxidant; Ames test ID RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; NF-KAPPA-B; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; FLAVONOIDS; MUTAGENICITY; ANTIOXIDANT; ASSAY; GENOTOXICITY AB Stevia pilosa and Stevia eupatoria are plants used for various purposes in traditional medicine. In this report we studied the antimutagenic effect of methanolic extracts obtained from leaves, root, and flowers of the two species using the Ames test with and without metabolic activation. We tested the effect of the extracts on the damage induced by three mutagens with the following results: 1 - we found an inhibitory effect of both species on the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminoanthracene in the strain TA98. The best antimutagenic effect was obtained with leaves of both species and the flowers of S. eupatoria (99%), 2 - the mutations induced with N-ethyl-N '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the strain TA100 was also reduced. The flowers of S. pilosa and the root of S. eupatoria showed about 93% of inhibition, 3 - finally, the mutations induced by mitomycin-C on the strain TA102 had a reduction of 87% with the leaves of S. eupatoria. Besides, we determined the radical scavenging potential of the extracts with the DPPH method, and found a potent effect produced by all extracts, with an efficacy of more than 90%. The present study showed both antimutagenic and antioxidant potential of the tested extracts, and suggest the pertinence to confirm these effects in other models, and to accurately determine their mechanism of action. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Genet Lab, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Inst Ciencias Salud, Pachuca, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Ctr Invest Quim, Pachuca 42001, Hidalgo, Mexico. Univ Politecn Pachuca, Programa Biotecnol, Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico. RP Madrigal-Bujaidar, E, IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Genet Lab, Carpio & Plan Ayala Sto Tomas, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM eduardo.madrigal@lycos.com CR ALVAREZGARCIA R, 2005, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V66, P639, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.001 ANSAH C, 2005, TOXICOLOGY, V208, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.026 ARGUETA VA, 1993, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P103 BORK PM, 1997, FEBS LETT, V402, P85 BURTIS M, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P323 CASSANIGALINDO M, 2005, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V19, P547, DOI 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.01.007 CERDAGARCIAROJA.CM, 2002, GENUS STEVIA, P86 CUZZOCREA S, 2001, PHARMACOL REV, V53, P135 EDENHARDER R, 1997, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V379, P21 EDENHARDER R, 2002, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V521, P57 EDENHARDER R, 2003, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V540, P1, DOI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00114-1 FAROMBI EO, 2006, HUM EXP TOXICOL, V25, P251, DOI 10.1191/0960327106ht621oa FERGUSON LR, 2004, TOXICOLOGY, V198, P147, DOI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.035 FERNANDES JBF, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P269, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1058 GALATI G, 2004, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V37, P287, DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.034 GIORDANO OS, 1990, J NAT PROD, V53, P803 GONZALEZAVILA M, 2003, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V17, P77 HORN RC, 2003, MUTAGENESIS, V18, P113 HORVATHOVA K, 2003, NEOPLASMA, V50, P291 HORVATHOVA K, 2004, NEOPLASMA, V51, P395 IKUMA NEM, 2006, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V20, P361 JEONG TJ, 2006, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V54, P2123 KIER LE, 1986, MUTAT RES, V168, P69 KUNDU JK, 2005, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V591, P123, DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.04.019 LEE NJ, 2005, BIOL PHARM BULL, V28, P2158 MANJU V, 2005, CELL MOL BIOL LETT, V10, P535 MARNEWICK JL, 2000, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V471, P157 MARON DM, 1983, MUTAT RES, V113, P173 MIGLIORE L, 2002, MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT, V512, P135 MORTELMANS K, 2000, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V455, P29 OKAWA M, 2001, BIOL PHARM BULL, V24, P1202 PAYET B, 2005, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V53, P10074, DOI 10.1021/jf0517703 REID KA, 2006, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V106, P44, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.030 REYESLOPEZ M, 2005, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V19, P91, DOI 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.06.005 ROBLES M, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P199 ROMAN LU, 2004, ORG LETT, V6, P173, DOI 10.1021/ol036107j SAMY RP, 2006, CHEM-BIOL INTERACT, V164, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.018 SHON MY, 2004, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V42, P659, DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.002 SIEDLE B, 2004, J MED CHEM, V47, P6042, DOI 10.1021/jm049937r STEELE VE, 2005, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V591, P16, DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.04.018 WILLIAMSON G, 1998, EUR J CANCER PREV, V7, P17 ZANI F, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P502 ZHANG JL, 2006, MOL NUTR FOOD RES, V50, P996, DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200600072 NR 43 TC 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JUN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 691 EP 697 PG 7 SC Toxicology GA 177CQ UT ISI:000247131600021 ER PT J AU Rojas, MG Navarro, V Alonso, D Rios, MY Tortoriello, J Roman-Ramos, R AF Rojas, Maria Gabriela Navarro, Victor Alonso, Daniel Rios, Maria Yolanda Tortoriello, Jaime Roman-Ramos, Ruben TI Antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities of Distictis buccinatoria SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; cytotoxic activity; Distictis buccinatoria; folk medicine; medicinal plants ID MEXICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; SOLANUM-CHRYSOTRICHUM; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION; ANTICANCER AGENTS; BOCCONIA-ARBOREA; PLANTS; BIGNONIACEAE; CONSTITUENTS AB The current study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of six crude extracts obtained from the leaves and flowers of Distictis buccinatoria (DC.) A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae). Antimicrobial activity was tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus faecalis; the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi; and the fungi Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Aspergillus niger. The cytotoxic activity of each extract was determined using two human tumor cell lines in culture, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) and colon carcinoma (HCT- 15). The results showed that extracts from D. buecinatoria possess antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and against both dermatophyte fungal species. The strongest antibacterial activity observed was that of the dichloromethane extract prepared from flowers, and the best antifungal activity was demonstrated by the dichloromethane extract from the leaves. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts from the flowers exhibited cytotoxicity against KB cells. These results support the traditional folk medicinal uses of this plant. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Programa Doctorado Ciencias Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rojas, MG, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM gabrb02@yahoo.com.mx CR *WHO, 2001, GLOB PREV INC SEL CU, P1 *WHO, 2004, WORLD HLTH REP 2004, P120 ALGUACIL LF, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P227 ALVAREZ L, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P372 CRAGG GM, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P72, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.011 DELACRUZ M, 1964, LIBELLUS MEDICINALIB, P121 DIAZ JL, 1977, USOS PLANTAS MED MEX, P329 DUARTE DS, 2000, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V52, P347 FOSTEL JM, 2000, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V5, P25 FUENTES M, 1997, INFORME REGISTRO PLA, P125 GERAN RI, 1972, CANCER CHEMOTH REP, V3, P1 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P390 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2004, PLANTA MED, V70, P483, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-827145 JORGENSEN JH, 1999, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO, P1526 KIM YS, 2005, PLANTA MED, V71, P563 LOZOYA X, 1987, ARCH MED RES, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 MACHADO TB, 2003, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V21, P279, DOI 10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00349-7 MARTINEZ M, 1944, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P630 MOON MK, 2003, TOXICOL LETT, V145, P46, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00268-6 NAVARRO FJ, HIST NATURAL JARDIN, P176 NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 NAVARRO V, 1998, ARCH MED RES, V29, P191 NAVARRO V, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P223 NAVARRO VM, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V87, P85 NEWMAN DJ, 2000, NAT PROD REP, V17, P215 OGURA M, 1977, LLOYDIA, V40, P157 OYAMA I, 1956, P SOC EXP MED, V88, P305 POPOCA J, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V59, P173 RASKIN I, 2002, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V20, P522 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 RIOS JL, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P80, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.025 ROCHA AD, 2004, PHYTOTHER RES, V18, P463, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1452 ROJAS G, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V74, P97 SUFFNESS M, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P71 VILLARRHEAL ML, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P518 ZAMILPA A, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1815, DOI 10.1021/np020261h NR 37 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 177CY UT ISI:000247132400007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Trujano, ME Pena, EI Martinez, AL Moreno, J Guevara-Fefer, P Deciga-Campos, M Lopez-Munoz, FJ AF Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E. Pena, E. I. Martinez, A. L. Moreno, J. Guevara-Fefer, P. Deciga-Campos, M. Lopez-Munoz, F. J. TI Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. using three different experimental models in rodents SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antinociception; formalin test; PIFIR model; writhing; Rosmarinus officinalis; traditional medicine ID FORMALIN TEST; PROSTAGLANDIN HYPERALGESIA; PAIN; ROSEMARY; RECEPTORS; MORPHINE; EXTRACT; MICE; RAT; FLAVONOIDS AB The rationale of this investigation was to examine the antinociceptive effect of an ethanol extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) aerial parts, using three different experimental models: acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin test in mice; and a model of arthritic pain: "pain-induced functional impairment model in the rat (PIFIR model)". The antinociceptive efficacies were evaluated using several dose-response curves and time courses. The antinociceptive effects from RO extract were compared with the antinociceptive effect of either tramadol (TR: 3.16-50 mg/kg, i.p. in mice, and 1.0-31.62 mg/kg, i.p. in rats) or acetylsalicylic acid (AA: 31.62-562.32 mg/kg, p.o.). RO extract (10-300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the number of writhing movement induced by the i.p. administration of acetic acid solution in a dose-dependent way (ED50 =108.84 mg/kg, whereas, TR showed an ED50 =12.38 mg/kg). In addition, RO extract (30-300 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited licking and shaking behaviours in both early (neurogenic pain) and in the late (inflammatory pain) phases of the formalin test. These effects were like those produced by TR. Concerning the results using the PIFIR model, RO extract (30-3000 mg/kg, p.o.) like either TR or AA, produced a significant (P < 0.001) and dose-dependent antinociceptive response in rats (RO: ED50 = 222.78 mg/kg versus TR: ED50 = 11.06 mg/kg and AA: ED50 = 206.13 mg/kg). These results strongly suggest that aerial parts of RO possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, and reinforce the use of this plant in folk medicine. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CINVESTAV, Dept Farmacobiol, Mexico City 14330, DF, Mexico. Inst Nac Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente Muniz, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Lopez-Munoz, FJ, CINVESTAV, Dept Farmacobiol, Tenorios 235,Col Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, DF, Mexico. EM flopez@cinvestav.mx CR ABBOTT FV, 1995, PAIN, V60, P91 ABDULGHANI AS, 1987, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V25, P39 ALSEREITI MR, 1999, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V37, P124 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P1 AYDIN M, 2001, SUSTAINING GLOBAL FA, P452 BARNES J, 2001, HERBAL MED, P403 CAPASSO A, 1998, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V50, P561 CERVERO F, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2145 COVINO BG, 1980, PAIN, V9, P141 DAVIS PH, 1982, FLORA TURKEY E AEGEA, V9 DIAS PC, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P57 DUKE JA, 1992, HDB BIOL ACTIVE PHYT FERREIRA SH, 1979, PROSTAGLANDINS, V18, P179 FERREIRA SH, 1981, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V2, P183 HALOUI M, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P465 HARA K, 2005, ANESTH ANALG, V100, P1400, DOI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000150961.24747.98 HILL RG, 1999, PAIN 1999 UPDATED RE, P391 HOSSEINZADEH H, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P938, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1311 HUNSKAAR S, 1987, PAIN, V30, P103 JAFFE JH, 1990, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P485 KAUR R, 2005, J MED FOOD, V8, P529 KEEBLE JE, 2002, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V137, P295, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704876 KOGA A, 2005, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V145, P602, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706225 KOSAKA K, 2003, BIOL PHARM BULL, V26, P1620 KOSTER RM, 1959, FED PROC, V18, P418 LOPEZMUNOZ FJ, 1993, DRUG DEVELOP RES, V28, P169 LUKACZER D, 2005, PHYTOTHER RES, V19, P864, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1709 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MARTINEZ SMM, 2004, REV CUBANA PLANTAS M, V9, P1 MEDICSARIC M, 1997, JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT, V10, P182 MOSS M, 2003, INT J NEUROSCI, V113, P15, DOI 10.1080/00207450390161903 PARNHAM MJ, 1985, DRUGS FUTURE, V10, P756 PENG YY, 2005, J PHARMACEUT BIOMED, V39, P431, DOI 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.033 POLUNIN O, 1973, FLOWERS S W EUROPE F, P300 PUNTILLO K, 1997, HEART LUNG, V26, P317 RAMIREZ P, 2004, J CHROMATOGR A, V1057, P241, DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.037 ROMO DA, 1985, PRODUCTOS NATURALES ROSLAND JH, 1990, PAIN, V42, P235 ROWLAND M, 1989, CLIN PHARMACOKINET, P15 SHIBATA M, 1989, PAIN, V38, P346 SOTELOFELIX JI, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P145 STEIN C, 2000, J PAIN S1, V1, P51 SUZUKI T, 1996, LIFE SCI, V58, P207 TJOLSEN A, 1992, PAIN, V51, P5 ZIMMERMANN M, 1983, PAIN, V16, P109 NR 45 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 171DY UT ISI:000246716300006 ER PT J AU Revilla-Monsalve, MC Andrade-Cetto, A Palomino-Garibay, MA Wiedenfeld, H Islas-Andrade, S AF Revilla-Monsalve, Ma. Cristina Andrade-Cetto, Adolfo Palomino-Garibay, Miguel Angel Wiedenfeld, Helmut Islas-Andrade, Sergio TI Hypoglycemic effect of Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol aqueous extracts on type 2 diabetic patients SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cecropia obtusifolia; Cecropiaceae; hypoglycemic agent; type 2 diabetes treatment AB Cecropia obtusifolia is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine due to its reputed hypoglycemic effect. During a period of 32 weeks, aqueous extracts of the leaves of this plant were administrated daily to 12 recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, controlled only with diet and exercise. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels were determined every 15 days; HbA(1c), ALT, AST and ALKP were measured every month. A significant reduction of glucose was detected after 4 weeks of administration but the reduction was significant and sustained after 18 weeks of administration. The HbA(1c) was also significantly reduced after 6 weeks of treatment. No significant changes on cholesterol, triglycerides ALT, AST, ALKP or insulin could be detected. No collateral effects were observed. After suspending the administration of the extract, and a follow-up of 34 weeks, the glucose and HbA(1c) levels increased reaching levels higher than the basal ones. It can be concluded that the aqueous extracts of Cecropia obtusifolia have a significant hypoglycemic effect with no adverse effects and that the mechanism of action is not brought about by stimulating the insulin secretion. The results support the fact that the extracts of Cecropia obtusifolia have a great potential to be further developed into a phytomedicine. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UMAE Hosp Cardiol CMN Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Metab, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. UNAM, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Bonn, Pharmazeut Inst, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Revilla-Monsalve, MC, Apartado Postal 13500 Col Nativitas, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM mcrm@prodigy.net.mx CR ANDRADECETTO A, 1999, THESIS U NACL AUTONO ANDRADECETTO A, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P145 ANDRADECETTO A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V99, P325, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.019 CARAWAY WT, 1987, FUNDAMENTALS CLIN CH, P247 GAEDCKE F, 2003, HERBAL MED PRODUCTS HERRERAARELLANO A, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P561, DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.01.006 KING H, 1998, DIABETES CARE, V21, P1414 KNOWLESS BJ, 1986, DIABETES, V35 PEREZ G, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P253 PEREZGUERRERO C, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P279 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 SEZIK E, 2005, LIFE SCI, V76, P1223, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.024 TIETZ NW, 1987, FUNDAMENTALS CLIN CH, P614 NR 13 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAY 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 3 BP 636 EP 640 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 171DY UT ISI:000246716300030 ER PT J AU Perez-Negron, E Casas, A AF Perez-Negron, E. Casas, A. TI Use, extraction rates and spatial availability of plant resources in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley, Mexico: The case of Santiago Quiotepec, Oaxaca SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE ethnobotany; firewood; medicinal plants; non-timber forest products; peasant subsistence; sustainable use; wild vegetables ID MANAGEMENT; DOMESTICATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Ethnobotanical and ecological studies were conducted in the village of Santiago Quiotepec, in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, in order to analyse the importance of plant resources in peasant subsistence, and the balance between extraction rates and spatial availability of the main plant resources. Maize agriculture is the principal economic activity of local people but annual production (approximately 45 tons) was insufficient to satisfy the local demand (nearly 75 tons). People import most of their food, but complement their economy by commercialization of fruit produced in homegardens and plantations and gathering of plant products from the forests. A total of 252 useful plant species was recorded, most of them used as fodder (169), medicine (88), food (74), and fuel wood (70). High quantities of plant products were gathered from forests and disturbed vegetation per year. For instance, nearly 800 kg of the traditional greens and 550 kg of cactus fruits were consumed and about 464 tons of fuel wood was extracted for cooking in the whole village yearly. In general, extraction rates of plant resources for household subsistence were low in relation to their spatial availability, and apparently do not endanger useful plants populations. However, if commercialized, the extraction of fuel wood and other resources may lead to local extinction of populations. Local practices for conservation are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Casas, A, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Campus Morelia,Apartado Postal 27-3, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM acasas@oikos.unma.mx CR *GRUP MES AC, 2002, EV RUR PART SANT QUI ALCORN JB, 1981, HUM ECOL, V9, P395 BLANCKAERT I, 2004, J ARID ENVIRON, V57, P179, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1963(03)001000-9 BRUNEL MC, 2006, THESIS U AUTONOMA ME CASAS A, 1994, ETNOBOTANICA MIXTECA CASAS A, 1996, HUM ECOL, V24, P455 CASAS A, 1997, B SOC BOT MEX, V61, P31 CASAS A, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P279 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 DAVILA P, 1993, LISTADOS FLORISTICOS, V10 DAVILA P, 2002, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V11, P421 GARCIA E, 1981, MODIFICACIONES SISTE GARIBAY R, 2006, THESIS U NACL AUTONO GONZALEZSOBERAN.MC, 2004, J ARID ENVIRON, V59, P245 HERNANDEZ T, 2005, INTERCIENCIA, V30, P529 JIMENO V, 2003, 19 CURS ESP FEDNA MA LADIO AH, 2004, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V13, P1153 LADIO AH, 2004, ECOLOGY FOOD NUTR, V42 LADIO AH, 2004, HUM ECOL, V21, P225 MACNEISH R, 1967, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, V1 MACNEISH R, 1992, ORIGINS AGR SETTLED MARTIN G, 1997, ETHNOBOTANY PEOPLE P OSORIO O, 1996, B SOC BOT MEX, V59, P35 OSORNO T, 2005, THESIS U NACL AUTONO PEREZNEGRON E, 2006, THESIS U NACL AUTONO TOLEDO VM, 1980, AM INDIGENA, V40, P17 VALIENTEBANUET A, 2000, B SOC BOT MEX, V67, P25 WELLER SC, 1988, QUANTITATIVE RES MET, V10 ZIZUMBO D, 1982, HUAVES APROPIACION R NR 29 TC 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 2 BP 356 EP 379 PG 24 SC Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 170KF UT ISI:000246661600013 ER PT J AU Guereca, MCG Hernandez, MS Kite, G Vazquez, MM AF Gonzalez Guereca, Martha Celina Hernandez, Marcos Soto Kite, Geoffrey Martinez Vazquez, Mariano TI Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from the stem of the Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens HBK var. berlandiefi Schauer) SO REVISTA FITOTECNIA MEXICANA LA English DT Article DE Lippia graveolens var. berlandieri; flavonoids; antioxidant activity ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; MULTIFLORA; EXTRACTS AB Mexico is the main exporter around the world of Mexican oregano (Lippia greveolens) with 35-40 % of the international market; its high demand is due to the quality of essential oil containes in the leaf. It is gathered as a complementary activity to the rainfed agriculture in and and semi and zones. The stem has not been exploited and the scarce studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects encouraged us to conduct this research. The type of flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of crude extracts of the stem of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. var. Berlandieri Schauer gathered in the Mezquital, Durango Mexico, were evaluated. The extracts were prepared by maceration of the milled stem at room temperature with successive extractions of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The aqueous extract was prepared by boiling the stem in water (10 %) and then liofitized. The fluid extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol were fractionated by column chromatography on silica gel G. Two fractions of the ethyl acetate extract and one of the methanolic extract were analized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We detected pilosin, cirsimartin, narigenin, kaempferol, isokaemferide, a derivative of catechin and a non identified. hexoside of quercetin The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by the method of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydracyl (DPPH). The reduction of the radical by the extracts was higher than 91.2% in 10 mg L-1, except for the aqueous extract in which reduction was 87.6 % in 50 mg L-1. The IC50 values were relevant for the ethyl acetate extract (solid: 11.24 +/- 1.10; fluid extract: 12.94 +/- 0.63). These results shows the presence in the stem of bioactive molecules useful for the development of drugs from natural products. C1 Colegio Postgrad, Programa Bot, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. Univ Durango, Inst Politecn Nacl, COFAA,Programa Biotecnol, Ctr Interdisciplinario Invest Desarrollo Integral, Durango 34220, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hernandez, MS, Colegio Postgrad, Programa Bot, Km 35-5 Carr Mexico-Texcoco, Montecillo 56230, Mexico. EM msoto@colpos.mx CR ABENA AA, 2003, FITOTERAPIA, V74, P231, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00029-7 BASSOLE IHN, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V62, P209 BILIA AR, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V34, P847 COSTA SMO, 2001, J NAT PROD, V64, P792 COTTELE N, 1996, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V20, P35 CRAKER L, 1992, RECENT ADV BOT HORTI, V3, P103 DELASHERAS B, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P161 DEY PM, 1989, METHODS PLANT BIOCHE, V1 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P208 GONZALES ES, 1983, VEGETACION DURANGO C GUERRERO MF, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V80, P37 HARBORNE JB, 1984, PHYTOCHEMICAL METHOD HARBORNE JB, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P481 HERNANDEZ NE, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P317 HUERTA C, 1997, BIODIVERSITAS BOL CA, V3, P8 LIEN EJ, 1999, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V26, P285 MABRY TJ, 1970, SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFIC MANZOURI A, 2005, FOOD CHEM, V89, P411 PASCUAL ME, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P201 PEREZ GRM, 2002, COMPUESTOS AISLADOS PIETTA PG, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P1035 SKALTSA H, 1988, PLANTA MED, V54, P465 SLAGUEIRO LR, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P80 TAMIL SA, 2003, FOOD MICROBIOL, V20, P455 TOMASBARBERAN FA, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P2281 VALENTAO P, 2002, BIOL PHARM BULL, V25, P1324 WAGNER H, 1996, PLANT DRUG ANAL THIN ZETOLA M, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P207 NR 28 TC 0 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA FITOGENETICA PI CHAPINGO PA APARTADO POSTAL NO 21, CHAPINGO, ESTADO MEXICO 56 230, MEXICO SN 0187-7380 J9 REV FITOTEC MEX JI Rev. Fitotec. Mex. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 SC Agronomy; Horticulture GA 167WG UT ISI:000246482600006 ER PT J AU Hernandez, T Canales, M Teran, B Avila, O Duran, A Garcia, AM Hernandez, H Angeles-Lopez, O Fernandez-Araiza, M Avila, G AF Hernandez, Tzasna Canales, Margarita Teran, Barbara Avila, Olivia Duran, Angel Garcia, Ana Maria Hernandez, Hector Angeles-Lopez, Omar Fernandez-Araiza, Mario Avila, Guillermo TI Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Cordia curassavica (Boraginaceae) SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; Cordia curassavica; essential oil; infections diseases ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANTIFUNGAL; ROOTS AB In traditional Mexican medicine Cordia curassavica (Jacq) Roemer & Schultes is used to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory and dermatological disorders in Zapotitlan de las Salinas, Puebla (Mexico). The aim of this work was to investigate antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, obtained by using Clevenger distillation apparatus, and hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts from aerial parts of Cordia curassavica. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against 13 bacteria and five fungal strains. The oil and extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and five fungal strains. Sarcina lutea and Vibrio cholerae were the strains more sensitive to the essential oil effect (MIC = 62 mu g/mL) and Vibrio cholerae for the hexane extract (MIC = 125 mu g/mL). Rhyzoctonia solani was the strain more sensitive to the essential oil effect (IC50 = 180 mu g/mL) and Trichophyton inentagrophytes for the hexane extract (IC50 = 230 mu g/mL). The essential oil was examined by GC and GC-MS. A total 11 constituents representing 96.28% of the essential oil were identified: 4-methyl,4-ethenyl-3-(1-methyl ethenyl)-1-(1 methyl methanol)cyclohexane (37.34%), beta-eudesmol (19.21%), spathulenol (11.25%) and cadina 4(5), 10(14) diene (7.93%) were found to be the major components. The present study tends to confirm the use in the folk medicine of Cordia curassavica in gastrointestinal, respiratory and dermatological diseases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Acuario, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico, Mexico. RP Hernandez, T, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico, Mexico. EM tzasna@servidor.unam.mx CR ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P350 CIMANGA K, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P213 DECARVALHO PM, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V95, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.028 HARBORNE JB, 1995, NAT PROD REP, V12, P639 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 IOSET JR, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V47, P729 IOSET JR, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V53, P613 JUVEN BJ, 1994, J APPL BACTERIOL, V76, P26 KIM JM, 1995, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V43, P2839 KNOBLOCH L, 1985, PROGR ESSENTIAL OIL, P429 LAMBERS H, 1998, PLANT PHYSL ECOLOGY, P427 LANS C, 2000, PREV VET MED, V45, P201 LENNETTE HE, 1987, MANUAL MICROBIOLOGIA, P336 MCLAUGHIN JL, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 NAKAMURA N, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V46, P1139 PADMAJA R, 2002, FITOTERAPIA, V73, P508 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 WAGNER H, 1984, PLANT DRUG ANAL, P164 YE XY, 1999, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V263, P1002 NR 19 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 162AV UT ISI:000246059600018 ER PT J AU Tellez, MGO Rodriguez, HB Olivares, GQ Sortibran, ANC Cetto, AA Rodriguez-Arnaiz, R AF Ordaz Tellez, Maria Guadalupe Barcenas Rodriguez, Horacio Quevedo Olivares, Guillermo Castaneda Sortibran, America Nitxin Andrade Cetto, Adolfo Rodriguez-Arnaiz, Rosario TI Phytotherapeutic extract of Equisetum myriochaetum is not genotoxic either in the in vivo wing somatic test of Drosophila or in the in vitro human micronucleus test SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Equisetum myriochaetum (Equisetaceae); type 2 diabetes mellitus; wing somatic assay; human micronucleus test; cytotoxicity; genotoxicity ID RECOMBINATION TEST; WORKING GROUP; DNA-DAMAGE; FLAVONOIDS; MUTATION; ASSAY; MELANOGASTER; MECHANISMS; PROJECT; RISK AB Equisetum myriochaetum is a Mexican plant used in folk medicine to treat kidney diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main constituents of the phytoextract are flavonol glycosides (kaempferol), phytoesterols and carbohydrates. In this study, phytotherapeutic extracts from Equisetum myriochaetum were investigated for genotoxicity in the in vivo wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster and in the in vitro human micronucleus test. No acute toxicity of the phytoextract could be determined in Drosophila or in human lymphocytes in culture, ranging from 0.78 mu g/ml to 3700 mu g/ml for the wing assay and between 12.5 mu g/ml and 500 mu g/ml for the micronucleus test. The Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) was applied in the standard version with basal biotransformation activity as well as in a variant version with increased cytochrome P450-dependent bioactivation capacity. The ranges of exposure concentrations for these genotoxicity experiments were between 0.78 mu g/ml and 500 mu g/ml. The human micronucleus test in vitro was performed with cultured lymphocytes obtained from four healthy donors. The concentrations assayed for these experiments ranged from 12.5 mu g/ml to 500 mu g/ml. No statistically significant increase was observed between treated series when compared with a concurrent negative (water solvent) control series in either assay. The results demonstrate clearly that the phytotherapeutic extract from Equisetum myriochaetum, under the experimental conditions tested, is not genotoxic in the in vivo experiments or in the in vitro studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Genet Lab, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Lab Etnofarmacol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Rodriguez-Arnaiz, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Genet Lab, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM rra@hp.fciencias.unam.mx CR ANDERSON D, 1997, TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT, V17, P45 ANDRADECETTO A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V99, P248 ANDRADECETTO AA, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P129 ANDRADECOTTO A, 1999, THESIS UNAM MEXICO ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V3 CAMACHO MR, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P471 CLIFTON P, 2002, ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP, V3, P5 DEBARROS MT, 2005, PHYTOTHERAPEUTICAL R, V19, P519 FABRICANT DS, 2001, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S1, V109, P69 FENECH M, 1997, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V392, P11 FENECH M, 1999, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V428, P271 FENECH M, 2003, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V534, P65 FREI H, 1988, MUTAT RES, V203, P297 FREI H, 1995, MUTAT RES-ENVIR MUTA, V334, P247 GARRIOTT ML, 2002, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V517, P123 GRAF U, 1984, ENVIRON MUTAGEN, V6, P153 GRAF U, 1992, MUTAT RES, V271, P59 HEINRICH M, 2006, CURR DRUG TARGETS, V7, P239 HERTOG MGL, 1995, ARCH INTERN MED, V155, P381 HOLMSTEDT B, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V32, P7 KIRSCHVOLDERS M, 2003, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V540, P153, DOI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.07.005 MAGUIRE L, 2003, BRIT J NUTR, V90, P767, DOI 10.1079/BJN2003956 MAIER B, 2002, REV THERAPEUTIC, V59, P275 MILLER B, 1998, MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT, V410, P81 MOREAU RA, 2002, PROG LIPID RES, V41, P457 NOROOZI M, 1998, AM J CLIN NUTR, V67, P1210 REVILLA MC, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P117 RIETJENS IMCM, 2005, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V574, P124, DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.01.028 RUEFF J, 1986, MUTAGENESIS, V1, P179 SILVA ID, 1997, MUTAGENESIS, V12, P383 STOPPER H, 2005, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V574, P139, DOI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.01.029 WIEDENFELD H, 2000, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V28, P581 YUKIKO H, 1994, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V16, P845 YUTING C, 1990, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V9, P19 NR 34 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD APR 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 162AV UT ISI:000246059600024 ER PT J AU Osuna, L Tapia-Perez, ME Figueroa, O Jimenez-Ferrer, E Garduno-Ramirez, ML Gonzalez-Garza, MT Carranza-Rosales, P Cruz-Vega, DE AF Osuna, Lidia Tapia-Perez, Maria Esther Figueroa, Odette Jimenez-Ferrer, Enrique Garduno-Ramirez, Maria Luisa Gonzalez-Garza, Maria Teresa Carranza-Rosales, Pilar Cruz-Vega, Delia Elva TI Micropropagation of Lepidium virginicum (Brassicaceae), a plant with antiprotozoal activity SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE acclimatization; antiprotozoal activity; Lepidium virginicum; micopropagation ID ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; ANTIAMEBIC ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; TISSUE-CULTURE; CONSTITUENTS; RESISTANCE AB Micropropagation is a technique to ensure a constant and uniform source of medicinal plants. In this report, we describe the micropropagation of Lepidium virginicum L. (Brassicaceae), a wild plant used as an antiamoebic in traditional Mexican medicine. In vitro-germinated seeds were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to obtain pathogen-free cotyledons, hypocotyls, and apical bud (AB) explants. For induction of morphogenesis, the effect of cytokinins, benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KN), combined with auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was evaluated. The best rate of shoot proliferation was induced 15 d after culture on MS mineral medium supplemented with IAA:KN (0.57:13.94 mu M) from AB explants. Maximum shoot elongation was achieved without plant growth regulators. The effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (14.76 mu M) was evaluated for in vitro root induction; 60 d after culture all the shoots had developed roots. All rooted plants were successfully transferred to pots and 100% acclimatized in ex vitro conditions. The methanol extracts from the micropropagated active explants of L. virginicum showed and IC50 antiprotozoal value between 141.90 and 268.53 mu g ml(-1). C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Barcelona, Dept Fisiol Vegetal, Fac Farm, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Invest & Extens Ciencias Salud, Inst Tecnol Estudios Super Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Osuna, L, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1,Col Ctr, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM osunalidia@yahoo.com cruzvega@cibinmty.net CR AGUILAR CA, 1994, MED I MEXICANO SEGUR, P70 ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED, V2, P900 BERLIN EA, 1995, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG, P183 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 2002, REVISTA FITOTERAPIA, V2, P314 CALZADA F, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P618, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1210 CALZADA F, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P731, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1192 CRUZVEGA DE, 2000, ARCH MED RES S, V31, S17 CUENCA S, 1999, PLANT CELL REP, V18, P674 DIAMOND LS, 1986, J PROTOZOOL, V33, P1 ERMEL K, 1986, P 3 INT NEEM C, P171 FRACARO F, 2001, PLANT CELL TISS ORG, V64, P1 IBANEZ MR, 1998, PLANT GROWTH REGUL, V26, P49 KAPOOR K, 1999, INT J CLIN PHARM RES, V19, P83 NISSEN SJ, 1990, HORTSCIENCE, V25, P800 OROZCO E, 2002, PARASITOL INT, V51, P353 OSUNA L, 1989, MED IMSS, V27, P305 OSUNA L, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P149 OSUNA L, 2005, ESTUDIO ETNOBOTANICO, P79 SAMARAWICKREMA NA, 1997, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V40, P833 SINGH RP, 1986, P 3 INT NEEM C NAIR, P185 TIWARI SK, 2002, PLANT CELL TISS ORG, V71, P1 VILLARREAL ML, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION, V22, P127 VILLARREAL ML, 1999, BIOTECHNOL LETT, V15, P721 NR 25 TC 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV BIOL-PLANT JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 596 EP 600 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 157LT UT ISI:000245721900021 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Galicia, E Calzada, F Roman-Ramos, R Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ AF Hernandez-Galicia, Erica Calzada, Fernando Roman-Ramos, Ruben Alarcon-Aguilar, Francisco J. TI Monoglycerides and fatty acids from Ibervillea sonorae root: Isolation and hypoglycemic activity SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Ibervillea sonorae; Cucurbitaceae; dichloromethane extract; monoglycerides; fatty acids; hypoglycemic activity AB Eleven monoglycerides (MG), 1-monopalmitin (1), glyceryl 1-monomargarate (2), 1-monostearin (3), glyceryl 1-monononadecylate (4), glyceryl 1-monoarachiclate (5), glyceryl 1-monobehenate (6), glyceryl 1-monotricosanoate (7), glyceryl 1-monotetracosanoate (8), glyceryl 1-monopentacosanoate (9), glyceryl 1-monohexacosanoate (10) and glyceryl 1-monooctacosanoate (11), together with five fatty acids (FA), lauric acid (12), myristic acid (13), pentadecanoic acid (14), palmitic acid (15) and stearic acid (16) were isolated of the root of Ibervillea sonorae Greene (Cucurbitaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as well as GC-MS analysis. The hypoglycemic activity of the dichloromethane (DCM) extract, of fractions (F1 - F10 and SF1 - SF5), of monoglycerides (MG) and of fatty acids (FA) mixtures obtained of the root from I. sonorae was evaluated in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results showed that by intraperitoneal administration the DCM extract (300 mg/kg), F9 (300 mg/kg) and SF1 (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced glucose levels in both models. For fraction SF1, the hypoglycemic activity was More pronounced than that of tolbutamide (150 mg/kg) used as control. However, neither MG (75 mg/kg) nor FA (75 mg/kg) mixtures isolated from SF1 exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect. However, when MG and FA were combined in equal proportions (75 mg: 75 mg/kg), their effect was comparable to that of SF1. The observed activity for the DCM extract, F9, SF1 and the MG-FA mixture provides additional support for the popular use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Mexican traditional medicine. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Hernandez-Galicia, E, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, 2 Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR ACHENBACH H, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P437 AGUILAR CA, 2002, CIENCIA MEX, V53, P24 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, PHARM BIOL, V40, P570 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V97, P447, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.035 BERGSSON G, 2002, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V20, P258 KAWAGISHI H, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1712, DOI 10.1021/np020200j KONISHI T, 2004, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V143, P379, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705804 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 SHIMADA H, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P417 SONGLEE W, 2005, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V15, P3573 STEEL R, 1989, BIOESTADISTICA PRINC, P662 WECKERT E, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V133, P447 XOLALPA MS, 2006, REV MED PREVENT, V26, P69 NR 13 TC 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 155OY UT ISI:000245588700007 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Landa, JF Pulido-Criollo, F Saavedra, M AF Rodriguez-Landa, J. F. Pulido-Criollo, F. Saavedra, M. TI Depression in Precolumbian Mesoamerican medicine SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE affective disorders; depression; history of medicine; Mesoamerica; prehispanic medicine; traditional medicine ID NEUROSTEROIDS; CHOCOLATE; DRUG AB Aim. To review, the concept of depression and its treatment in the context of Precolumbian Mesoamerican medicine. Development. The origins of Precolumbian Mesoamerican medicine (ticiotl) are imprecise, since the theoretical and disease-healing concepts of the times were doubtlessly influenced by magic and religious beliefs. However, the ticiotl was constructed oil a 'theory' based oil structured information integrated to the world philosophy, which included the social, religious (and cultural behavior of the Aztec people. Health was considered a result of the balance between cold-hot polarity. Imbalance caused disease, which in turn produced a dynamic impairment of the body and its relation to the cosmos. Disease could be originated by multiple factors, e.g., by god-sent punishment, or caused by man's evil or by a destiny narked since birth, Depression, among other diseases, was identified ill the ticiotl, and was attributed to alterations in the yollotl (heart). It was treated with plants such as quauhyayual, itzauhyad and xoxocoatl, with animals such as hare, chicken and fish, and with some minerals. Also, recommendations were, given to the individual oil his life style in a magic-religious context. Conclusion. In Precolumbian Mesoamerican medicine, depression was identified, and therapeutic methods were developed which may be far front the modern medical concept, but at the time fulfilled the function of understanding and recovering the individual's health. C1 Univ Veracruzana, Fac Quim Farmacuet Biol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Lab Neurofarmacol, Inst Neuroetol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Rodriguez-Landa, JF, Apdo Postal 391, Xalapa 91001, Veracruz, Mexico. 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Neurologia PD MAR 16 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 SC Clinical Neurology GA 154AM UT ISI:000245479200010 ER PT J AU Deciga-Campos, M Rivero-Cruz, I Arriaga-Alba, M Castaneda-Corral, G Angeles-Lopez, GE Navarrete, A Mata, R AF Deciga-Campos, Myrna Rivero-Cruz, Isabel Arriaga-Alba, Myriam Castaneda-Corral, Gabriela Angeles-Lopez, Guadalupe E. Navarrete, Andres Mata, Rachel TI Acute toxicity and mutagenic activity of Mexican plants used in traditional medicine SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican medicinal plants; acute toxicity; Lorke method; Ames test; brine shrimp test; Mexican traditional medicine ID ENDOTHELIUM-INDEPENDENT RELAXATION; IOSTEPHANE-HETEROPHYLLA ASTERACEAE; SESQUITERPENE PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS; ORCHIDS SCAPHYGLOTTIS-LIVIDA; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; HIPPOCRATEA-EXCELSA; BRICKELLIA-VERONICAEFOLIA; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; HINTONIA-LATIFLORA; EXOSTEMA-CARIBAEUM AB The present work was undertaken to determine safety parameters of selected Mexican medicinal plants chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance. The medicinal herbs included Amphipteryngium adstringens, Hintonia standleyana, Hintonia latiflora, Piper sanctum, Haemathoxylon brasiletto, lostephane heterophylla, Valeriana procera, Arracacia tolucensis, Brickellia veronicaefolia, Scaphyglottis livida, Exostema caribaeum, Hippocratea excelsa, Ligusticumporteri, Poliomintha longiflora and Gnaphalitan sp. In the acute toxicity studies in mice performed according to the Lorke procedure, Exostema caribaeum, Hippocratea excelsa, Ligusticum porteri and Poliomintha longiflora were the most toxic with LD50 values between 1085 and 2 mg/kg. The Ames test revealed that Gnaphalium sp. and Valeriana procera extracts induced mutations of S. typhimurium TA98 with or without the S9 microsomal fraction, and TA100 in the presence of the enzymatic fraction, respectively. The tincture of Valeriana procera, however, was non-mutagenic. Finally, in the Artemia salina lethality test Brickellia veronicaefolia, Arracacia tolucensis, Poliomintha longiflora and Piper sanctum caused significant mortality of the crustacean larvae with LC50 in the range of 37-227 mu g/mL. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Juarez Mexico, Direcc Invest & Ensenanza, Lab Invest Microbiol, Mexico City 07760, DF, Mexico. RP Navarrete, A, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 334 EP 342 PG 9 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 154DL UT ISI:000245486900014 ER PT J AU Canales, M Hernandez, T Serrano, R Hernandez, LB Duran, A Rios, V Sigrist, S Hernandez, HLH Garcia, AM Angeles-Lopez, O Fernandez-Araiza, MA Avila, G AF Canales, M. Hernandez, T. Serrano, R. Hernandez, L. B. Duran, A. Rios, V. Sigrist, S. Hernandez, H. L. H. Garcia, A. M. Angeles-Lopez, O. Fernandez-Araiza, M. A. Avila, G. TI Antimicrobial and general toxicity activities of Gymnosperma glutinosum: A comparative study SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial; antifungal; Asteraceae; general toxicity; Gymnosperma glutinosum ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; NEOCLERODANE DITERPENES; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; MEXICO; ETHNOBOTANY; FLAVONOIDS; ASTERACEAE; PUEBLA AB Gymnosperma glutinosuin (Spreng.) Less (Asteraceae) is an important, and an effective herbal medicine which is wide used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Mexico. We examined and compared the antibacterial and antifungal activities through the dilution method and for general toxicity activity by the brine shrimp lethality assay of two samples of Gymnospernia glutinosum from two localities of Mexico: San Rafael-Coxcatlan (Puebla State) and Tepeji del Rio (Hidalgo State). In addition, two bioactive compounds (-)-17-hydroxy-neo-clerod-3-en-15-oic acid (1) and 5,7dihydroxy-3,6,8,2',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone (2) were isolated. From the hexane extract from both places was obtained a MeOH partition M-2. M-2 of Tepeji del Rio showed the least MICs (< 125 mu g/ml) in the majority of the bacterial strains. Sarcina lutea was the most sensitive bacteria (MIC < 125 mu g/ml). The hexane extract of both localities showed antifungal activity against all tested fungi. San Rafael's hexane extract was significant more activity than Tepeji del Rio. Aspergillus niger (IC50 = 23.79 mu g/ml) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IC50 = 90.25 mu g/ml) were the more sensitive fungus strains. The strongest general toxicity activity was observed with the M, partition from Tepeji del Rio (LC50 = 503.7 mu g/ml). The results obtained in this investigation, showed differences between the antimicrobial activities of the samples of plants collected in San Rafael (Puebla) and Tepeji del Rio (Hidalgo). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNAM, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalneopantla 54090, Edo Mex, Mexico. UNAM, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Acuario, Tlalneopantla 54090, Edo Mex, Mexico. RP Canales, M, UNAM, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalneopantla 54090, Edo Mex, Mexico. EM magacm@yahoo.com.mx CR ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P1318 CALDERON JS, 2001, ANAL SCI, V17, P1467 CANALES M, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V97, P429, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.013 CANALES M, 2006, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V75, P21 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 COWAN MM, 1999, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V12, P564 DOMINGUEZ X, 1974, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V13, P1624 FERNANDEZ BM, 1999, THESIS UNAM MEXICO, P115 GARCIA E, 1981, MODIFICACIONES SISTE, P252 HEINRICH M, 1998, ANNU REV PHARMACOL, V38, P539 HEINRICH M, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P479 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 HORIE T, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V47, P865 KINGHORN AD, 1993, HUMAN MED AGENTS PLA, P356 LAMBERS H, 1998, PLANT PHYSL ECOLOGY, P427 MALDONADO E, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V35, P721 MARTINEZ R, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V35, P1505 MCLAUGHLIN JL, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P1 PADMAJA R, 2002, FITOTERAPIA, V73, P508 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO RZEDOWSKI J, 1985, FLORA FANEROAMICA VA, V2, P501 TSUCHIYA H, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V50, P27 URZUA A, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P251 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 VILLASENOR JL, 2003, INTERCIENCIA, V28, P160 YE XY, 1999, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V263, P130 YU S, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P171 NR 27 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR 21 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 154DL UT ISI:000245486900015 ER PT J AU Gu, J Wang, ET Chen, WX AF Gu, J. Wang, E. T. Chen, W. X. TI Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Desmodium species grown in China SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE China; Desmodium; diversity; phylogeny; rhizobia ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; IDENTIFICATION; BRADYRHIZOBIA; NODULATION; LEGUMES AB Aims: Desmodia are leguminous plants used as important forage and herbal medicine in China. Little information is available about the nodule bacteria of Desmodium species. To understand the genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Desmodium species grown in China, isolates from temperate and subtropical regions were obtained and analysed. Methods and Results: A total of 39 rhizobial strains isolated from 9 Desmodium species grown in China were characterized by PCR-based 16S rDNA gene and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed high diversity among rhizobia symbiotic with Desmodium species. Most microsymbionts of Desmodium species belonged to Bradyrhizobium closely related to Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense. Several small groups or single strain were related to Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium or Mesorhizobium. Conclusions: Desmodium species formed nodules with diverse rhizobia in Chinese soils. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results offered the first systematic information about the microsymbionts of desmodia grown in the temperate and subtropical regions of China. C1 China Agr Univ, Key Lab Agromicrobial Resource & Applicat, Minist Agr, Coll Biol Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Chen, WX, China Agr Univ, Key Lab Agromicrobial Resource & Applicat, Minist Agr, Coll Biol Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. 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Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ST UT ISI:000244245100010 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Salgado, JC Ortiz-Andrade, RR Aguirre-Crespo, F Vergara-Galicia, J Leon-Rivera, I Montes, S Villalobos-Molina, R Estrada-Soto, S AF Sanchez-Salgado, J. C. Ortiz-Andrade, R. R. Aguirre-Crespo, F. Vergara-Galicia, J. Leon-Rivera, I. Montes, S. Villalobos-Molina, R. Estrada-Soto, S. TI Hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant and hepatoprotective effects of Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel: A potential agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochlospermum vitifolium; hepatoprotective; hypoglycemic; metabolic syndrome; Mexican medicinal plants; naringenin; vasorelaxant ID INDUCED DIABETIC-RATS; THORACIC AORTA; PLANTS; ROOTS; EXTRACT AB Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel is a Mexican medicinal plant that is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis and related diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess the pharmacological properties of different extracts from Cochlospermum vitifolium bark as potential agent for the treatment of some factors related with metabolic syndrome (MS), a complex disease produced for several pathophysiological factors such as visceral fat obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidernia and liver steatosis. Hexane (HECv), dichloromethane (DECv) and methanol (MECv) extracts were subjected to some pharmacological assays to determine their vasorelaxant and hypoglycemic activity. On the other hand, MECv was also evaluated to determine its hepatoprotective effect on sub-chronic experimental assay. HECv showed a significant endothelium-independent relaxation on rat aorta rings (intact endothelium: IC50 = 14.42 +/- 5.90 mu g/mL, E-max = 92.71 +/- 8.9%; denuded endothelium: IC50 = 27.94 +/- 4.0 mu g/mL, E-max = 78.68 +/- 4.6%) and MECv produced an endothelium-dependent relaxation (IC50 = 21.94 +/- 6.87 mu g/mL, E-max = 79.12 +/- 7.80%) on this tissue. Furthermore, HECv (at a dose of 120 mg/kg) also showed a significant decrease of blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) on normoglycemic rats. Moreover, MECv (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) also was administered to bile duct-obstructed rats to determine its hepatoprotective activity, showing a statistically significant decrease of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (PGT, 45%) and alkaline phosphatase (APh, 15%) (p < 0.05). Finally, we obtained a crystalline polyphenolic compound from MECv by spontaneous precipitation. Those crystals were identified as (+/-)-naringenin by X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR and GC-MS techniques. Results suggest that Cochlospennum vitifolium could be used as a potential agent against MS since it shows hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant and hepatoprotective properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Nacl Neurol & Neurocirug, Mexico City 14269, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Unidad Biomed, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Av Univ 1001 Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. 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Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134NI UT ISI:000244089700006 ER PT J AU Molina-Salinas, GM Perez-Lopez, A Becerril-Montes, P Salazar-Aranda, R Said-Fernandez, S de Torres, NW AF Molina-Salinas, G. M. Perez-Lopez, A. Becerril-Montes, P. Salazar-Aranda, R. Said-Fernandez, S. Waksman de Torres, N. TI Evaluation of the flora of Northern Mexico for in vitro antimicrobial and antituberculosis activity SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; antimicrobial activity; Mexican plants; Alamar Blue; plant extracts ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CHRYSACTINIA-MEXICANA; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; PLANTS; ANTIFUNGAL; EXTRACTS; SUSCEPTIBILITIES AB The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of 14 plants used in northeast Mexico for the treatment of respiratory diseases, against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Forty-eight organic and aqueous extracts were tested against these bacterial strains using a broth microdilution test. No aqueous extracts showed antimicrobial activity, whereas most of the organic extracts presented antimicrobial activity against at least one of the drug-resistant microorganisms tested. Methanol-based extracts from the roots and leaves of Leucophyllum frutescens and ethyl ether extract from the roots of Chrysanctinia mexicana showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 62.5, 125 and 62.5 mu g/mL, respectively; methanol-based extract from the leaves of Cordia boissieri showed the best antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 250 mu g/mL); the hexane-based extract from the fruits of Schinus molle showed considerable antimicrobial activity against the drug-resistant strain of Streptococcus pneuntoniae (MIC 62.5 mu g/mL). This study supports that selecting plants by ethnobotanical criteria enhances the possibility of finding species with activity against resistant microorganisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UANL, Fac Med, Dept Quim Analit, Monterrey 64841, NL, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey 64720, NL, Mexico. RP de Torres, NW, UANL, Fac Med, Dept Quim Analit, POB 2316, Monterrey 64841, NL, Mexico. EM nwaksman@fm.uanl.mx CR *NCCLS, 2002, M100S12 NCCLS S *SECR SAL MEX, 2005, EPIDEMIOLOGIA, V22, P15 *WHO, 1994, WHOTB1994177 *WHO, 2002, REG PROF REG PROF AM ADAME J, 2000, PLANTAS CURATIVAS NO CANTRELL CL, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P137 CARDENASORTEGA NC, 2005, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V53, P4347, DOI 10.1021/jf040372h COPP BR, 2003, NAT PROD REP, V20, P535, DOI 10.1039/b212154a DELGADO G, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P3129 DESOUZA GC, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V90, P135, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.039 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V2 ENCARNACION R, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P33 FRANZBLAU SG, 1998, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V36, P362 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 IOSET JR, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P424 IOSET JR, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V53, P613 JACOBS MR, 1999, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V43, P1901 JIMENEZARELLANES A, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P903, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1377 MOLINASALINAS GM, 2006, ARCH MED RES, V37, P45, DOI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.010 NOVAK R, 1999, NATURE, V399, P590 RATTAN A, 1998, EMERG INFECT DIS, V4, P195 RIMANDO AM, 1999, NAT TOXINS, V7, P39 RIOS JL, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P80, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.025 ROBINSON DA, 2003, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V47, P3926, DOI 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3926-3934.2003 ROJAS G, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V74, P97 ROJAS S, 2003, J NAT PROD, V66, P221, DOI 10.1021/np020346i ROMERO CD, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V99, P253, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.028 SAIDFERNANDEZ S, 2001, MULTIPLES FACETAS IN, P201 SALVAT A, 2001, LETT APPL MICROBIOL, V32, P293 SALVAT A, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P230 STRAHILEVITZ J, 2002, INT J INFECT DIS S1, V6, S38 THOMSON RB, 2003, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO, P286 THORNSBERRY C, 1999, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V43, P2612 YANG ZH, 2001, INT J TUBERC LUNG D, V5, P313 NR 34 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134NI UT ISI:000244089700011 ER PT J AU Barbosa, E Calzada, F Campos, R AF Barbosa, Elizabeth Calzada, Fernando Campos, Rafael TI In vivo antigiardial activity of three flavonoids isolated of some medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; flavonoids; kaempferol; tiliroside; (-)-epicatechin; Giardia lamblia; antigiardial activity ID GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; CONSTITUENTS; MOUSE; MICE AB Mexican traditional medicine uses a great variety of plants in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea. In order to understand the properties of some of their chemical constituents, three flavonoids (kaempferol, tiliroside and (-)-epicatechin) isolated from Geranium mexicanum, Cuphea pinetorum, Helianthemum glomeratum, and Rubus coriifolius, were assayed to demonstrate their in vivo antiprotozoal activity; using an experimental infection of Giardia lamblia in suckling female CD-1 mice. Compounds tested showed antigiardial activity with values of ED50 (mu mol/kg) 0.072 for (-)-epicatechin, 2.057 for kaempferol and 1.429 for tiliroside. The most active flavonoid was the (-)-epicatechin, its activity was higher than metronidazole and emetine, drugs used as positive controls. In the case of kaempferol and tiliroside their potency was close to that of the metronidazole, but far less than emetine. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Escuela Super Med, Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Bioquim, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Barbosa, E, Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 BELOSEVIC M, 1983, EXP PARASITOL, V56, P93 BOREHAM PFL, 1986, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V18, P393 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 CALZADA F, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V98, P191, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.019 CALZADA F, 2005, PHYTOTHER RES, V19, P725, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1717 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 FINNEY DL, 1977, POBIT ANAL, P20 HLAVSA M, 2005, SURVEILLANCE SUMMARI, V54, P9 JIMENEZCARDOSO E, 2003, REV INVEST CLIN, V55, P444 KEISTER DB, 1983, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V77, P487 MARTINEZFLOREZ S, 2002, NUTR HOSP, V17, P271 MATSUDA H, 2003, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V11, P1995, DOI 10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00067-1 REYNOLDSON JA, 1991, PARASITOL RES, V77, P325 ROBERTSTHOMSON IC, 1976, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V71, P57 NR 16 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 552 EP 554 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 134NI UT ISI:000244089700030 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Alanis, AD AF Calzada, Fernando Alanis, Alma Delia TI Additional antiprotozoal flavonol glycosides of the aerial parts of Helianthemum glomeratum SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Helianthemum glomeratum; flavonol glycosides; antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; SOUTHERN MEXICO; QUERCITRIN; DIARRHEA; PEOPLE AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of aerial parts from Helianthemum glomeratum afforded five antiprotozoal flavonol glycosides: tiliroside, kaempferol-3-O-(3",6"di-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-beta-glucopyranoside, astragalin, quercitrin and isoquercitrin. The in vitro antiprotozoal assay showed that tiliroside was the most potent antiamoebic and antigiardial compound with IC50 values of 17.5 mu g/mL for Entamoeba histolytica and 17.4 mu g/mL for G. lamblia. Isoquercitrin showed selectivity against E. histolytica (IC50 14.7 mu g/mL) and quercitrin toward G. lamblia (IC50 24.3 mu g/mL). All isolated compounds were less active than metronidazole and emetine, two antiprotozoal drugs used as positive controls. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, IMSS, 2o Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR CALZADA F, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P351 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 DAY AJ, 1998, FEBS LETT, V436, P71 GALVEZ J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P333 GALVEZ J, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P302 GARDNER TB, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P114 HARRIS JC, 2000, MICROBIOL-UK 12, V146, P3119 KIM DH, 1999, BIOL PHARM BULL, V22, P749 LEE SS, 1995, J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP, V42, P77 LIU L, 2000, BIOL REPROD, V62, P70 LOZOYA X, 1994, ARCH MED RES, V25, P11 MARKHAM KR, 1978, TETRAHEDRON, V34, P1389 MECKES M, 1995, PHYTOTHER RES, V9, P244 MECKES M, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P128 MECKES M, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P102 MORALES MA, 1994, ARCH MED RES, V25, P17 UPCROFT P, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P150 NR 19 TC 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 131QK UT ISI:000243884700013 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Garcia, R de Rodriguez, DJ Gil-Marin, JA Angulo-Sanchez, JL Lira-Saldivar, RH AF Rodriguez-Garcia, R. de Rodriguez, D. Jasso Gil-Marin, J. A. Angulo-Sanchez, J. L. Lira-Saldivar, R. H. TI Growth, stomatal resistance, and transpiration of Aloe vera under different soil water potentials SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Aloe vera; CAM plants; soil water stress; stomatal resistance; transpiration; growth ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 EXCHANGE; CAM PLANT; DESERT AB Aloe vera (Sabila) is used in folklore medicine and commercial cosmetology products in many countries. Little is known about the plant's physiological, growth, and yield responses under different irrigation regimes. The plant has a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) that allows water conservation within the tissue, and therefore, resistance to high water stress. A. vera plants were submitted to different irrigation regimes in a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the response of the physiologic processes such as stomatal resistance and transpiration as well as leaf growth and yield. The experiment consisted of three irrigation regimes under a completely randomized design. No initial effect on stomatal resistance or transpiration was exhibited, but as time elapsed changes in these variables were noted. We suggest that the high water content in the parenchyma maintains stomatal opening despite water stress. In a subsequent period, the leaves that were submitted to water stress at the beginning, showed stomatal opening reduction related to low soil water potential. The low soil water potential reduced leaf weight, plant growth rate, and leaf number, mainly in leaf growth during the experiment confirming the sensitivity of new leaves to water stress. The results suggest that the low leaf temperature increases stomatal resistance, decreases plant and leaf growth rates. This behavior is opposite to other CAM species in semiarid condition. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Rodriguez-Garcia, R, Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico. EM rrodriguez_uaan@hotmail.com CR BASTIDE B, 1993, PLANT PHYSIOL, V103, P1089 CAMPBELL GS, 1994, DEV SOIL SCI, V14, P40 COCKBURN W, 1979, PLANT PHYSIOL, V63, P1029 COWLING RM, 1982, NATURALIST, V27, P17 DAVIES WJ, 1991, PLANT MOL BIOL, V42, P55 DIAZ M, 2001, INTERCIENCIA, V26, P472 HARSTSOCK TL, 1996, NATURE, V262, P574 HERNANDEZCRUZ LR, 2002, TRENDS NEW CROPS NEW, P570 HSIAO TC, 1983, LIMITATIONS EFFICIEN, P227 JONES HG, 1992, PLANTS MICROCLIMATE, P264 KRAMER PJ, 1974, PLANT PHYSIOL, V54, P463 LANGE OL, 1975, PHOTOSYNTHETICA, V9, P318 NISBET RA, 1974, OECOLOGIA, V15, P315 NOBEL PS, 1976, PLANT PHYSIOL, V58, P576 NOBEL PS, 1998, J ARID ENVIRON, V39, P1 NOBEL PS, 1999, AGROECOLOGIA CULTIVO, P37 PIMIENTA BA, 1999, AGROECOLOGIA CULTIVO, P37 PIMIENTO BE, 2001, J ARID ENVIRON, V44, P73 RODRIGUEZGARCIA R, 2000, ANN M ASS ADV IND CR, P35 SCHULZE ED, 1986, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V37, P247 SHETEAWI AS, 2001, EGYPT J BIOL, V3, P140 SIVAKUMAR MVK, 1978, AGRON J, V10, P619 NR 22 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROPS PRODUCTS JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 SC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy GA 130UX UT ISI:000243825600003 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Santamaria, L Ramirez, G Herrera-Arellano, A Zamilpa, A Jimenez, JE Alonso-Cortes, D Cortes-Gutierrez, EI Ledesma, N Tortoriello, J AF Aguilar-Santamaria, Lucia Ramirez, Guillermo Herrera-Arellano, Armando Zamilpa, Alejandro Jimenez, Jesus E. Alonso-Cortes, Daniel Cortes-Gutierrez, Elva I. Ledesma, Nestor Tortoriello, Jaime TI Toxicological and cytotoxic evaluation of standardized extracts of Galphimia glauca SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Galphimia glauca; Malpighiaceae; anxiolytic; toxicology; galphimine-B; complementary and alternative medicine; citotoxicity; genotoxicity ID TEGMENTAL AREA NEURONS; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AB Galphimia glauca Cav (Malpighiaceae) has been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of mental disorders, principally as a sedative and tranquilizer. The sedative activity of extracts obtained from this plant has been demonstrated with different neuropharmacological models. Different triterpenes, known as galphimines, have been identified from the active extract. Galphimine-B (G-B) possesses anxiolytic activity and is able to selectively inhibit discharges of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area in rats. Nevertheless, there have been no toxicological investigations carried out with products obtained from this plant. In this work three different extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic) of Galphimia glauca, standardized in the content of three galphimines, were evaluated for their behavioral and pharmaco-toxicological effects. After administering the extracts to mice for 28 days (2.5 g/kg, p.o.), no deaths were found and the histopathological analysis of different organs did not show alterations; only the behavioral parameters analyzed showed a diminution of spontaneous activity. The administration of these extracts for 56 days (same doses and route) in mice did not cause any changes in the biochemical parameters that evaluate liver function. On the other hand, no cytotoxic effects were found on KB, UISO, and OVCAR-5 transformed cell lines, but all extracts specifically inhibited colon cancer cell line growth with an ED50 lower than 2 mu g/ml. The extracts were also evaluated in genotoxicity tests in vitro (250, 100 and 50 mu g/ml), which demonstrate that none of the three extracts from Galphimia glauca showed a genotoxic effect. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. UNAM, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jtortora2@yahoo.es CR BERGER M, 1980, RECENT ADV OBESITY R, V3, P1 BERGMEYER HU, 1976, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V70, F19 COSTA LG, 2004, PHARMACOL REV, V56, P103, DOI 10.1124/pr.56.1.5. DELRAYOCAMACHO M, 2002, J NAT PRODUCTS, V65, P1457 ESTRADA E, 1985, JARDIN BOTANICO PLAN FENECH M, 2000, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V455, P81 GILANI AH, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P43, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.001 GONZALEZCORTAZAR M, 2005, PLANTA MED, V71, P711, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-871224 GURIBFAKIM A, 2006, MOL ASPECTS MED, V27, P1 HERRERARUIZ M, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P59, DOI 10.1021/np050305x HERRERARUIZ M, 2006, PHYTOMEDICINE, V13, P23 MARCUS DM, 2005, OBSTET GYNECOL 1, V105, P1119, DOI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000158858.79134.ea MIDDLETON E, 2000, PHARMACOL REV, V52, P673 OTTO A, 1946, J BIOL CHEM, V164, P321 OYAMA I, 1956, P SOC EXP MED, V88, P305 PAK E, 2004, PROG TRANSPLANT, V14, P91 PATWARDHAN B, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P50, DOI 10.1016/j,jep.2005.06.006 PERRY P, 1974, NATURE, V251, P156 PERUSQUIA M, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V46, P63 PRIETOGOMEZ B, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P38 SUFFNESS M, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P71 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P234 TORTORIELLO J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P398 TORTORIELLO J, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P309 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 VILLARREAL ML, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P517 NR 26 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN 3 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126ZO UT ISI:000243554500005 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Andrade, RR Garcia-Jimenez, S Castillo-Espana, P Ramirez-Avila, G Villalobos-Molina, R Estrada-Soto, S AF Ortiz-Andrade, R. R. Garcia-Jimenez, S. Castillo-Espana, P. Ramirez-Avila, G. Villalobos-Molina, R. Estrada-Soto, S. TI alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extract from Tournefortia hartwegiana: An anti-hyperglycemic agent SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; hypoglycemic; OGTT; postprandial; triterpenoids; Tournefortia hartwegiana ID ANTIDIABETIC PRINCIPLES; NATURAL MEDICINES; OLEANOLIC ACID; TRITERPENES; LEAVES; RATS AB Tournefortia hartwegiana is a Mexican medicinal plant that is used for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhea and kidney pain. In a previous investigation, the methanolic extract of Tournefortia hartwegiana (METh) showed significant hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic properties on normoglycemic and alloxanized rats. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to establish one of the possible modes of action of METh to induce anti-diabetic activity. METh (310 mg/kg) effect on alpha-glucosidase activity was investigated. METh intragastric administration was conducted to determine oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), using different substrates: glucose, sucrose and maltose. The increase in plasma glucose level was significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) by the extract after substrates administration. On the other hand, METh inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity in vitro, in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 of 3.16 mg/mL). These results suggest that METh might exert its anti-diabetic effect by suppressing carbohydrate absorption from intestine, and thereby reducing the post-prandial increase of blood glucose.\ On the other hand, the bio-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of: beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol. (2), lupeol (3), ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), saccharose (6) and myo-inositol (7), using various chromatographic techniques. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Suguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Biomed, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Ave Univ 1001,Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. EM enoch@uaem.mx CR ALI MS, 2002, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V60, P295 ARAI I, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P307 CARVALHO MG, 1998, QUIM NOVA, V21, P740 COHEN P, 2004, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V3, P479, DOI 10.1038/nrd1415 COLEGATE SM, 1993, BIOACTIVE NATURAL PR DAVIS SN, 1996, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P1487 HAWLEY SA, 2002, DIABETES, V51, P2420 IVORRA MD, 1990, PHARMAZIE, V4, P271 IVORRA MD, 1998, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V296, P224 KAMESWARA RB, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P103 LI JM, 2006, INT J BIOCHEM CELL B, V38, P985, DOI 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.10.002 LOPEZCANDALES A, 2001, J MED, V32, P283 MATSIU T, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P7244, DOI 10.1021/jf025913m MATSUDA H, 1998, CHEM PHARM BULL, V46, P1399 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P260 ORTIZANDRADE RR, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V101, P37, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.022 OVESNA Z, 2004, MINIREVIEW NEOPLASMA, V51, P327 PEREZ RM, 2002, PHYTOTHER RES, V16, P55 SEO S, 1975, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P954 SHIM YJ, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V85, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)000370-7 SOMOVA LI, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V84, P299 STANELY P, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P9 YOSHIKAWA M, 1998, CHEM PHARM BULL, V46, P113 NR 23 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN 3 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126ZO UT ISI:000243554500007 ER PT J AU Narvaez-Mastache, JM Garduno-Ramirez, ML Alvarez, L Delgado, G AF Narvaez-Mastache, Jose M. Garduno-Ramirez, Maria Luisa Alvarez, Laura Delgado, Guillermo TI Antihyperglycemic activity and chemical constituents of Eysenhardtia platycarpa SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-HYDROXYDIHYDROCHALCONES; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; POLYSTACHYA; TRITERPENES; FLAVANONES; FLAVONOIDS; ACID; CHEMISTRY; HEALTHY; GLUCOSE AB The methanolic extracts from branches (BEP) and leaves (LEP) of Eysenhardtia platycarpa significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. One new flavone, ( 1" R)- 5,4', 1"-trihydroxy-6,7-( 3", 3"- dimethylchroman) flavone ( 1), together with the known compounds 5,7- dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenylflavanone ( 3),5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenylflavanone (4), 5,7- dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-prenylflavanone ( 6), 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (7), oleanolic acid, 3 beta-acetoxy-11 alpha, 12 alpha-epoxy-oleanan- 28,13 beta-olide, lupeol, betulinic acid, beta-sitosterol, beta- itosteryl beta-D-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosteryl palmitate, and 3-O-methyl-myo-inositol were isolated from BEP. Additionally, one new flavanone, (2S)- 4'-O-methyl-6-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (2), as well as the known compounds 3, 4, 6, 4'-O-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (8), and 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone ( 9) were isolated from LEP. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid ( 7), identified as the major constituent of BEP, showed a significant decrease ( 31 mg/kg of body weight, P < 0.05) in the glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The obtained results correlate with the traditional use of this species. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Delgado, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1687 EP 1691 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 120LM UT ISI:000243086200005 ER PT J AU Diemont, SAW Martin, JF Levy-Tacher, SI Nigh, RB Lopez, PR Golicher, JD AF Diemont, Stewart A. W. Martin, Jay F. Levy-Tacher, Samuel I. Nigh, Ronald B. Lopez, Pedro Ramirez Golicher, J. Duncan TI Lacandon Maya forest management: Restoration of soil fertility using native tree species SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rainforest restoration; indigenous knowledge; soil ecology; Ochroma pyramidale; Sapium lateriflorum ID TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST; NEMATODE COMMUNITIES; SHIFTING CULTIVATION; AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM; OCHROMA-PYRAMIDALE; TROPHIC DIVERSITY; LEAF-LITTER; SEED BANKS; MEXICO; DEFORESTATION AB In southern Mexico, where rainforests are being degraded rapidly, the Lacandon Maya use an agroforestry system that both restores and conserves the rainforest. Their system cycles through field and fallow stages that produce food, medicines, and raw materials, and regenerates tall secondary forest. This investigation identified plants managed by Lacandon to restore soil fertility during fallow. Through interviews, Lacandon identified 20 plants managed for forest restoration. Leaf litter measurements and soil samples were taken near two of these species, Ochroma pyramidale and Sapium lateriflorum. Leaf litter increased quicker beneath O. pyramidales compared to other tree species (R = 0.48, P = 0.004), and total nematode concentrations increased with distance from this tree (R = 0.71, P < 0.001). Together, these two findings indicated an inhibition of degradation that permits accelerated soil organic matter accumulation. Available phosphorus (P) concentrations beneath S. lateriflorum were 16% higher than outside the canopy (P = 0.03), and increased with age of the tree, indicating P recovery from subsoil. Our research shows that the Lacandon are cognizant of the natural abilities of certain species to fulfill the restoration needs in their systems. It demonstrates that Maya agroforestry and local knowledge could contribute to efforts to conserve and restore rainforests, and reduce deforestation by accelerating fallow in tropical agriculture. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Ecol Engn Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol & Terr Syst, Div Conservat & Biodivers, San Cristobal de las Casa, Chiapas, Mexico. Ctr Invest & Estudios Super Antropol Social Sures, San Cristobal de las Casa, Chiapas, Mexico. El Colegio Frontera, Dept Agroecol, San Cristobal de las Casa, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Martin, JF, Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Ecol Engn Grp, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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Eng. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 SI Sp. Iss. SI BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 SC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences GA 122VD UT ISI:000243254300003 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Yepez-Mulia, L Aguilar, A AF Calzada, Fernando Yepez-Mulia, Lilian Aguilar, Abigail TI In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican medicinal plant; methanolic extract; antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia ID ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY; CONSTITUENTS; EXTRACTS AB In our search for new antiprotozoal chemotherapy, we collected a selection of 26 plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Methanolic extracts of these species were screened for their antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites using in vitro tests. Among the tested extracts, the derivates of following species showed selectivity and significant antiprotozoal activity: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, Annona cherimola and Punica granatum were the most active on Entamoeba histolytica with IC50 < 30 mu g/ml. Dorstenia contrajerva, Senna villosa and Ruta chalepensis were the most active toward Giardia lamblia with IC50 < 38 mu g/ml. The potency of Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (IC50 2.5 mu g/ml) on Entamoeba histolytica was close that of to emetine, but far less than metronidazole, drugs used as control. The results of the antiprotozoal screening support the popular uses of the studied species for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery in Mexican traditional medicine. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Investigac Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Herbario IMSSM, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS, Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Investigac Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,2 Piso, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 BHAT GP, 2001, AM J TROP MED HYG, V65, P304 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P731, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1192 CALZADA F, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V98, P191, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.019 CROFT SL, 1999, BIOASSAY METHODS NAT, V43, P81 EKANEM AP, 2004, PARASITOL RES, V92, P361, DOI 10.1007/s00436-003-1038-8 GARDNER TB, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P114 HARRIS JC, 2000, MICROBIOL-UK 12, V146, P3119 HEINRICH M, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P479 KIUCHI F, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P509 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MALAGON F, 1997, PARASITOLOGIA, V39, P3 MENDONCA RR, 2004, RES MICROBIOL, V155, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.12.001 MIKUS J, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P366 SAID FS, 2005, FITOTERAPIA, V76, P466 SEGURA JJ, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P235 SOFFAR SA, 1991, J EGYPT SOC PARASITO, V21, P497 TONA L, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P57 UPCROFT JA, 1999, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V43, P73 UPCROFT P, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P150 ZAFAR MM, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P223 NR 23 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 367 EP 370 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114ZK UT ISI:000242704000009 ER PT J AU Barbosa, E Calzada, F Campos, R AF Barbosa, Elizabeth Calzada, Femando Campos, Rafael TI Antigiardial activity of methanolic extracts from Helianthemum glomeratum Lag. and Rubus coriifolius Focke in suckling mice CD-1 SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helianthemum glomeratum Lag.; Rubus coriifolius Focke; Giardia lamblia; antigiardial activity ID GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; INTESTINAL PROTOZOA; ENTAMOEBA; RESISTANT; EFFICACY; MOUSE AB The antigiardial activity of crude methanolic extracts from Helianthemum glomeratum and Rubus coriifolius, plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, were demonstrated using experimental infections of Giardia lamblia in suckling female CD-1 mice. In vivo antigiardial activity was studied to determine the dose required to kill 50% of the trophozoites (ED50). Five single-doses between 1.25 and 20 mg extract/kg body weight were tested. Drugs metronidazole and emetine were used as reference. The ED50 (mg/kg) obtained for the extracts and drugs used as reference was 0.125 for Helianthemum glomeratum, 0.506 for Rubus coriifolius, 0.194 for metromdazole and 0.167 for emetine. Both methanolic extracts showed antigiardial activity, the extract of Helianthemum glomeratum was more active than Rubus coriifolius, and its activity is comparable to metronidazole and emetine. Our results hold the perspective for the utilization of the extracts of these plants as an option to develop of novel antigiardial phytodrugs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Investigac Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Unidad Investigac Med & Farmacol Prod Nat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Col Doctores, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,2 Piso, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR ADAM RD, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P447 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 BELOSEVIC M, 1983, EXP PARASITOL, V56, P93 BERLIN B, 1995, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG BOREHAM PFL, 1986, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V18, P393 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 DAVILAGUTIERREZ CE, 2002, AM J TROP MED HYG, V66, P251 ELLIS JE, 1993, INT J PARASITOL, V23, P35 FINNEY DL, 1977, POBIT ANAL, P20 HLAVSA MC, 2005, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V54, P9 KEISTER DB, 1983, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V77, P487 MECKES M, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P102 MORRONE FB, 2004, REV INST MED TROP SP, V46, P77 PETRI WA, 2003, TRENDS PARASITOL, V19, P523, DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.003 REYNOLDSON JA, 1991, PARASITOL RES, V77, P325 ROBERTSTHOMSON IC, 1976, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V71, P57 SULLAYMAN I, 2002, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V49, P103 UPCROFT JA, 1999, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V43, P73 NR 21 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 395 EP 397 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114ZK UT ISI:000242704000013 ER PT J AU Romero-Cerecero, O Rojas, G Navarro, V Herrera-Arellano, A Zamilpa-Alvarez, A Tortoriello, J AF Romero-Cerecero, Ofelia Rojas, Gabriela Navarro, Victor Herrera-Arellano, Armando Zamilpa-Alvarez, Alejandro Tortoriello, Jaime TI Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Ageratina pichinchensis on patients with tinea pedis: An explorative pilot study controlled with ketoconazole SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE asteraceae; Ageratina pichinchensis; axihuitl; benzofurans; superficial mycosis; tinea pedis; dermatophyte; dermatomycosis; complementary and alternative medicine ID DERMATOPHYTOSIS; EFFICACY; TRIAL; CREAM AB perimental group and 46 controls. The remainder of the patients withdrew from the study due to non-medical causes. Clinical effectiveness was reached in 80.3 and 76%, while therapeutic success was achieved in 80.3 and 71.7% of the experimental and control groups, respectively. There were no statistical differences between groups (p = 0.31). Our results suggest the effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from A. pichinchensis in treatment of patients with tinea pedis.Ageratina pichinchensis has been used for many years in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of superficial mycosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the antifungal effectiveness of a hexane extract from aerial parts of this plant on in vitro cultures of Candida albicans, Aspergillium niger, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. To compare the effectiveness and tolerability of A. pichinchensis with ketoconazole in patients with the clinical and mycological diagnosis of tinea pedis, we carried out a double-blind pilot study. The experimental group was treated topically with a cream containing A. pichinchensis standardized extract (10%), while the control group was administered a similarly colored cream containing 2% ketoconazole. All patients were clinically followed weekly for 4 weeks. By means of a mycological examination (direct microscopic detection), the mycological diagnosis of tinea pedis was performed. This technique was also used for evaluating the mycological effectiveness at the end of treatment. A total of 120 patients were included, 60 in each treatment group. Of these, 97 patients were included in the statistical analysis, 51 from the ex C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jtortora2@yahoo.es CR ARGUETA A, 1994, ALAS PLANTAS MED TRA, V1, P1786 AVILES M, 1994, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED, P47 CORDEIRO RA, 2006, CLIN EXP DERMATOL, V31, P122, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01976.x GHANNOUM MA, 2004, J CHEMOTHERAPY, V16, P139 GOMEZ F, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2095 GREER DL, 1987, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V16, P554 GREER DL, 1987, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V17, P53 GUPTA AK, 2004, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V50, P104 GUPTA AK, 2005, SKINMED, V4, P305 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P390 HOHARITANON S, 2005, J MED ASS THAI S4, V88, P167 LESTER M, 1995, CUTIS, V55, P181 MENENDEZ S, 2002, MYCOSES, V45, P329 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PALNTAS MED UTILIZAD, P61 NAVARRO VM, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V87, P85 PORCHE DJ, 2006, J NURSE PRACT, V2, P152 PORTAAPONTE T, 2001, MEDICENTRO, V5, P1 PUIATTI P, 1986, DRUGS EXP CLIN RES, V12, P405 RIOS MY, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P967 RZEDOWSKI GC, 2001, FLORA FANEROGAMICA V, P797 WADEFOSTER K, 2004, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V50, P748 ZURITA EM, 1986, B OFICINA SANIT PANA, V101, P339 NR 22 TC 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 72 IS 14 BP 1257 EP 1261 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 106OU UT ISI:000242111200001 ER PT J AU Lira-Salazar, G Marines-Montiel, E Torres-Monzon, J Hernandez-Hernandez, F Salas-Benito, JS AF Lira-Salazar, G. Marines-Montiel, E. Torres-Monzon, J. Hernandez-Hernandez, F. Salas-Benito, J. S. TI Effects of homeopathic medications Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice SO HOMEOPATHY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium berghei; Eupatorium perfoliatum; Arsenicum album; Balb/c mice; homeopathic medications ID VIVO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; RODENT MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE; COMBINATION; FALCIPARUM; ASTERACEAE AB Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and a major public health problem because of emerging drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium. A number of synthetic and natural compounds are now being analysed to develop more effective antimalarial drugs. We investigated the effect of homeopathic preparations of Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia using a rodent malaria model. We found significant inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication with both medications with a level of 60% for Eupatorium perfoliatum at a 30 CH potency. Arsenicum album 0/ 6 gave 70% inhibition but this was less stable than Eupatorium perfoliatum. The number of schizonts was higher in animals treated with homeopathic medications. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, these agents would be good candidates as alternative or complementary medications in the treatment of malaria. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Med & Homeopatia, Programa Inst Biomed Mol, Mexico City 07320, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Patol Expt, Mexico City 07320, DF, Mexico. RP Salas-Benito, JS, Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Med & Homeopatia, Programa Inst Biomed Mol, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Mexico City 07320, DF, Mexico. 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Eva Tapia, Elisa Lopez-Merez, Leonor Navarrete, Andres Reyes-Ramirez, Adelfo Martinez, Adrian TI Anticonvulsant effect of Annona diversifolia Saff. and palmitone on penicillin-induced convulsive activity. A behavioral and EEG study in rats SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Annona diversifolia Saff; EEG; palmitone; penicillin; seizures; traditional medicine ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; ETHANOL EXTRACT; SEIZURES; WAKEFULNESS; MECHANISMS; ORGANIZATION; STIMULATION; SPIKES; LEAVES AB Purpose: To evaluate hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities of Annona diversifolia Saff. and palmitone by using behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis in an experimental model of focal seizures in rats. Methods: For hypnotic assessment, EEG analysis of polysomnographic slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a 1 h period were performed after vehicle, A. diversifolia extract or palmitone, administration. For anticonvulsant effect, 60 minutes after treatments, EEG and behavior were analyzed during penicillin-induced seizures. Latency to the onset of the first paroxystic spike, first seizure and frequency, as well as seizure severity using Racine's scale, were determined. Results: Palmitone, but not A. diversifolia extract, produced a delay in the latency to the SWS phase. In addition, both palmitone and extract decreased SWS duration and accumulated REM sleep phase. With regard to the seizures, both the extract and palmitone increased the latency to the onset of spikes and seizures, but also decreased the duration of penicillin-induced seizures. This reduction in the EEG recordings was associated with an attenuation in the severity of behavioral seizures. Conclusions: A. diversifolia and palmitone did not produce a sedative-hypnotic effect although both of them were effective in reducing the severity of behavioral and EEG seizures induced by penicillin in rats, suggesting that the diminution in the paroxystic activity by A. diversifolia is likely produced by palmitone through GABAergic neurotransmission. This study justifies and reinforces the traditional use of this plant in epilepsy. C1 Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente Muniz, Direcc Invest Neurociencias, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Zaragoza, Mexico City 09230, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Aragon, Nezahualcoyotl 57130, Estado de Mexic, Mexico. RP Martinez, A, Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente Muniz, Direcc Invest Neurociencias, Calz Mexico Xochimilco 101,Col Sn Lorenzo Huipulc, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. 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Sanchez-Molina, Isabel Mena-Rejon, Gonzalo J. TI Screening of antibacterial and antifungal activities of six marine macroalgae from coasts of Yucatan peninsula SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial; antifungal; marine algae; MIC; Yucatan peninsula ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; TINEA; INFECTION; EXTRACTS; MEXICO AB Ethyl acetate partition of methanol extracts of Avrainvillea nigricans Decaisne (Udoteaceae), Codium decorticatum (Woodward) Howe (Codiaceae), Halymenia floresia (Clemente) C. Agardh (Grateloupiaceae), Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux (Rhodomelaceae), Sargassum filipendula C. Agardh (Sargassaceae), and Sargassum hystrix J. Agardh, marine macroalgae from Yucatan peninsula coasts, were screened using the well-diffusion technique against three Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria, two yeasts, and two molds. The extracts inhibited the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus at 6.25-1.56 mg/mL and Bacillus subtilis at 6.25 - 0.78 mg/mL. Trichophyton mentagrophytes growth was inhibited by extracts of Laurencia obtusa, Sargassum filipendula, and Sargassum hystrix at 6.25 - 3.13 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were obtained by the microplate method. C1 Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Quim, Lab Quim Organ Invest, Merida 97150, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Quim, Lab Microbiol Invest, Merida 97150, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Mena-Rejon, GJ, Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Quim, Lab Quim Organ Invest, 41,421 Col Ind, Merida 97150, Yucatan, Mexico. EM mrejon@tunku.uady.mx CR *WHO, 2001, WHO STAT INF SYST NU ALY R, 2000, MED MYCOL S1, V38, P183 AMAN S, 2001, MED MYCOL, V39, P177 BERTI T, 1962, GIORN MICROBIOL, V10, P79 BYE R, 1995, RECENT ADV PHYTOCHEM, V29, P65 DRECKMANN KM, 1998, CLASIFICACION NOMEN ELOFF JN, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P711 ENCARNACION DR, 2000, PHARM BIOL, V38, P379 EVANS EGV, 1998, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V38, P32 FREILEPELEGRIN Y, 2001, AVANCE PERSPECTIVA, V20, P1 JHA RK, 2004, MAR DRUGS, V2, P123 JONES KG, 1994, J E MITCHELL SCI SOC, V110, P30 KONEMAN WE, 1998, DIAGNOSTICO MICROBIO LIMA JVM, 2002, BRAZ J MICROBIOL, V33, P311 MAGALLANES C, 2003, REV PERU BIOL, V10, P125 MARTINEZDONATE AP, 2004, AIDS EDUC PREV, V16, P172 MOTHANA RAA, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V96, P177, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.006 OLESEN PE, 1964, BOT MAR, V6, P224 RABE T, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V56, P81 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 ROLDAN YB, 2000, MYCOSES, V43, P181 SABOTA J, 1996, CLIN INFECT DIS, V23, P1308 SENTIES GA, 2002, MONOGRAFIAS FICOLOGI SQUEO RF, 1998, J AM ACAD DERMATOL 2, V39, P379 TAYLOR WR, 1972, MARINE ALGAE E TROPI WALDVOGEL FA, 2004, J INFECT DIS, V8, P5 WEITZMAN I, 1995, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V8, P240 WYNNE MJ, 1986, CAN J BOT, V64, P2239 NR 28 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 632 EP 635 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 103AC UT ISI:000241854400012 ER PT J AU Argotte-Ramos, R Ramirez-Avila, G Rodriguez-Gutierrez, MDC Ovilla-Munoz, M Lanz-Mendoza, H Rodriguez, MH Gonzalez-Cortazar, M Alvarez, L AF Argotte-Ramos, Rocio Ramirez-Avila, Guillermo Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Maria del Carmen Ovilla-Munoz, Marbella Lanz-Mendoza, Humberto Rodriguez, Mario H. Gonzalez-Cortazar, Manases Alvarez, Laura TI Antimalarial 4-phenylcoumarins from the stem bark of Hintonia latiflora SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; COUTAREA-LATIFLORA; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; METABOLITES; MECHANISM; MALARIA; DRUGS AB The EtOAc extract of the stem bark of Hintonia latiflora showed the suppression of total parasitemia and the chemosuppression of schizont numbers, when tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the EtOAc extract, using the in vitro 16 h and the in vivo 4-day suppression tests on P. berghei schizont numbers, led to the isolation of the new compound 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7,4'-dimethoxy-3'-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin ( 1), along with the known 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3',4'-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin ( 2). The structure of compound 1 was established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1 and 2 suppressed the development of P. berghei schizonts in vitro with IC50 values of 24.7 and 25.9 mu M, respectively. Compound 2 suppressed the development of schizonts at the dose of 40 mg/kg by 70.8% in the in vivo assay. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades, Dept Med Entomol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Alvarez, L, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Ave Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. EM lalvarez@ciq.uaem.mx CR AGUILARCONTRERA.A, 1998, PLANTAS MED HERBARIO, P112 AQUINO R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1827 BUTCHER GA, 1997, INT J PARASITOL, V27, P975 DEMAR M, 2004, AM J TROP MED HYG, V70, P125 GERAN RI, 1972, CANCER CHEMOTH REP, V3, P1 GREENWOOD B, 2002, NATURE, V415, P670 KHALID SA, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V15, P201 KOREC R, 2000, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V50, P122 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P86 MATA R, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P2037 MATA R, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3199 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P214 MURRAY RDH, 1982, NATURAL COUMARINS, P27 NOSTER S, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P63 PETERS W, 1992, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V86, P455 PINTO A, 1997, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V47, P829 REGUERO T, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P315 REHER G, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P172 SEGURADO AA, 1997, REV INST MED TROP SP, V39, P85 SLATER AFG, 1993, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V57, P203 SULLIVAN DJ, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P11865 THATHY V, 2002, METH MOLEC MED, V72, P317 WINSTANLEY PA, 2002, MICROBES INFECT, V4, P157 WRIGHT CW, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.012 NR 25 TC 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1442 EP 1444 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098ZQ UT ISI:000241562700013 ER PT J AU Pereda-Miranda, R Fragoso-Serrano, M Escalante-Sanchez, E Hernandez-Carlos, B Linares, E Bye, R AF Pereda-Miranda, Rogelio Fragoso-Serrano, Mabel Escalante-Sanchez, Edgar Hernandez-Carlos, Beatriz Linares, Edelmira Bye, Robert TI Profiling of the resin glycoside content of Mexican jalap roots with purgative activity SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID IPOMOEA TRICOLOR CONVOLVULACEAE; TETRASACCHARIDE GLYCOSIDES; SCAMMONY ROOT; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; VERACRUZ; ACIDS; STANS AB Mexican Jalap roots, a prehispanic medicinal plant complex still considered to be a useful laxative, can be found as an ingredient in some over-the-counter products sold by herbalists in contemporary Mexico. The drug is prepared from the dried roots of several morning glories, all of which have been identified as members of the genus Ipomoea. Analysis of several commercial samples was assessed by generating HPLC and C-13 NMR spectroscopic profiles of the glycosidic acids obtained through saponification of the resin glycoside contents. These profiles distinguish the three Mexican jalaps currently in frequent use and can serve as analytical tools for the authentication and quality control of these purgative herbal drugs. Ipomoea purga, the authentic "jalap root", yielded two new hexasaccharides of convolvulinic and jalapinolic acids, purgic acids A ( 1) and B ( 2), respectively. Scammonic acid A ( 3), a tetrasaccharide, was produced from Ipomoea orizabensis, the Mexican scammony or false jalap. Operculinic acid B ( 4), a pentasaccharide, was identified in Ipomoea stans. Semipreparative HPLC was performed to obtain pure samples of new compounds 1 and 2 in sufficient quantity to elucidate their structure by high-field NMR spectroscopy. Purgic acid A ( 1) was identified as (11S)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid 11-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)- O-[beta-D-fucopyranosyl( 1-->4)]-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2 )-O-beta-D-quinovopyranoside, while purgic acid B (2) was characterized with (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid as its aglycon but having the same glycosidation sequence in the oligosaccharide core. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Jardin Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM pereda@servidor.unam.mx CR *COM PERM FARM EST, 2001, EXTR HERB EST UN MEX, P18 BAH M, 1996, TETRAHEDRON, V52, P13063 BAH M, 1997, TETRAHEDRON, V53, P9007 CHERIGO L, 2006, J NAT PRODUCTS, V69, P595 DAVIDOW J, 1999, INFUSIONS HEALING TR, P134 DEMONTELLANO O, 1990, AZTEC MED HLTH NUTR, P189 DUUS JO, 2000, CHEM REV, V100, P4589 EMMART EW, 1940, BADIANUS MANUSCRIPT, P260 GATES W, 2000, AZTEC HERBAL CLASSIC, P55 GERARD J, 1975, HERBAL GEN HIST PLAN, P866 GUNTHER RT, 1968, GREEK HERBAL DIOSCOR, P571 HERNANDEZ F, 1959, HIST NATURAL NUEVA E, V2, P133 HERNANDEZ F, 2000, MEXICAN TREASURY WRI, P117 HERNANDEZCARLOS B, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P1096 HERRERA AL, 1921, FARMACOPEA LATINO AM, P658 KOGETSU H, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P957 LEON I, 2004, J NAT PROD, V67, P1552, DOI 10.1021/np0400454 LINAJES A, 1994, ECON BOT, V48, P84 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 LINARES E, 1999, MED PLANTS MEXICO TR, P118 MACLEOD JK, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P467 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P276 MIRANDA F, 1964, LIBELLUS MEDICINALIB, P243 NEUE UD, 1997, HPLC COLUMNS THEORY, P217 NODA N, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P3565 NORIEGA JN, 1902, CURSO HIST DROGAS, P372 ONO M, 1989, CHEM PHARM BULL, V37, P3209 ONO M, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1023 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2002, TETRAHEDRON, V58, P3145 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2003, CURR TOP MED CHEM, V3, P111 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2005, J NAT PROD, V68, P226, DOI 10.1021/np0496340 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2006, J NAT PROD, V69, P406, DOI 10.1021/np050227d REYNOLDS WF, 1995, J NAT PROD, V58, P1730 VALDES J, 1985, F HERNANDEZ COMPLETA, V7, P9 VONBINGEN H, 2001, HILDEGARDS HEALING P, P177 WILLIAMS LO, 1970, ECON BOT, V24, P399 NR 36 TC 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1460 EP 1466 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 098ZQ UT ISI:000241562700017 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Arreola, E Hernandez-Molina, LR Sanchez-Salas, JL Martinez-Espino, G AF Sanchez-Arreola, Eugenio Hernandez-Molina, Luis R. Sanchez-Salas, Jose L. Martinez-Espino, Gudelia TI Alkaloids from Bocconia frutescens and biological activity of their extracts SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; antimicrobial activity; Bocconia frutescens; Papaveraceae; phytochemistry ID BINDING; AT(1) AB In Mexican traditional medicine, Bocconia frutescens L. (Papaveraceae) is known as "gordolobo'' or "llorasangre.'' Natives use this plant to treat skin ulcer, dermatitis, and some respiratory tract infections. In this study, the aerial parts afforded the alkaloids dihydrochelerythrine, (+/-)-6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine, (+/-)-6-acetonyldihydrosanguinarine, as well as beta-amyrine acetate and 2-decanol. The structures were determined by spectral methods including UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of extracts and pure compounds was tested with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. This study supports the use of B. frutescens in traditional medicine. C1 Univ Americas, Escuala Ingn & Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Quim Biol, Puebla 72820, Mexico. RP Sanchez-Arreola, E, Univ Americas, Escuala Ciencias, Dept Quim & Biol, Puebla 72820, Mexico. EM eugenio.sanchez@udlap.mx CR *ISCS CGAPS, 2003, REP CAL 2003 YEAR CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P770 CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2003, EUR J PHARMACOL, V458, P257 CHIMERA C, 2004, HAW CONS C COORD GRO, P5 COELLO R, 1994, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V13, P74 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1965, CAN J CHEM, V43, P679 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1973, METODOS INVESTIGACIO JULIAN A, 2001, REV SOC QUIM MEX, V45, P189 KLASNER F, 2004, HAW CONS C COORD GRO, P15 KONDA Y, 1985, J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM, V23, P877 MAHATO SB, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1517 MARTINEZ M, 1984, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MARTINEZ OE, 1977, FLORA VERACRUZ, P25 MCLEAN DB, 1969, CAN J CHEM, V29, P1951 NAVARRO V, 1998, ARCH MED RES, V29, P191 OECHSLIN SM, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P519 NR 16 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 540 EP 543 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 093MF UT ISI:000241171700009 ER PT J AU Hilgert, NI Gil, GE AF Hilgert, Norma I. Gil, Guillermo E. TI Medicinal plants of the Argentine Yungas plants of the Las Yungas biosphere reserve, Northwest of Argentina, used in health care SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Argentina; biodiversity use; cloud forest; health system; medicinal plants; relative importance ID ETHNOBOTANY; CONSERVATION; KNOWLEDGE; AMERICA; MEXICO AB We have compared the species richness of medicinal plants and the differential patterns of use amongst settlements in the Andean communities of Northwest Argentina which have differing levels of isolation. About 259 ethnoespecies, belonging to 74 plant families, were included, representing between 70 and 80% of the total estimate. The results indicate that Coronopus didymus is the most relevant and important species. The method of use of medicinal plants and the ailments treated by rural doctors compared to those of the layperson is different. Native and exotic plants are used differently according to the body system treated. There are some relationships between internal and external use and body systems and recipes. The greater medicinal species richness found in the less isolated locations is due to external enriching cultural influences. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-3370 Misiones, Argentina. Adm Parques Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Autonoma Estado Hidalgo, Ctr Invest Biol, Hidalgo, Mexico. RP Hilgert, NI, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Casilla Correo 8, RA-3370 Misiones, Argentina. EM normahilgert@yahoo.com.ar CR *SPSS INC, 2000, SPSS WIND VERS 10 1 *STATSOFT INC, 1998, STATISTICA WIDN COMP ANKILI A, 1999, ECON BOT, V53, P144 BALICK MJ, 1996, ANN MO BOT GARD, V83, P58 BARSH R, 1997, HUM ORGAN, V56, P28 BENNETT BC, 2000, ECON BOT, V54, P90 BERNARD HR, 2000, SOCIAL RES METHODS BIANCHI AR, 1992, PRECIPITACIONES NORO BROWN AD, 1995, INVESTIGACION CONSER, P9 BROWN AD, 2001, BOSQUES NUBLADOS NEO, P623 CABRERA AL, 1976, REGIONES FITOGEOGRAF CANIAGO I, 1998, ECON BOT, V52, P229 COLWELL RK, 2000, ESTIMATESS STAT ESTI COX PA, 1990, BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, P40 DENUCCI AMP, 1998, MED TRADICIONAL NORO ELLEN R, 2000, INDIGENOUS ENV KNOWL, P1 FONTAN LMZ, 1997, KALLAWAYA, V4, P31 FREI B, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P149 FREI B, 2000, ECON BOT, V54, P73 GADGIL M, 1993, AMBIO, V22, P151 HERSHMARTINEZ P, 2002, ETNOBIOLOGIA, V2, P103 HILGERT NI, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P11 HUNZINGER H, 1995, INVESTIGACION CONSER, P53 HURREL JA, 1991, REV MUSEO PLATA ANTR, V9, P111 HURREL JA, 1995, INVESTIGACION CONSER, P223 HURRELL JA, 1990, THESIS U NACL LA PLA, V548 HURRELL JA, 1996, REV MUSEO PLATA BOT, V14, P353 IHARLEGUI L, 1992, ECOGNICION, V3, P3 KALLAND A, 2000, INDIGENOUS ENV KNOWL, P319 LEVY A, 1997, MOUNT RES DEV, V17, P263 LUPO C, 1997, PARODIANA, V10, P9 MARTINEZ MR, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P209 MOERMAN DE, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P1 MOERMAN DE, 1999, J ETHNOBIOL, V19, P49 MORENO CE, 2000, MANUAL METODOS MEDIR OSOSKI AL, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P285 OSSEWEIJER M, 2000, INDIGENOUS ENV KNOWL, P55 PALMA NH, 1978, MED POPULAR NOROESTE PALMA NH, 1994, KALLAWAYA, V1, P21 PHILLIPS O, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P33 PHILLIPS OL, 1996, SELECTED GUIDELINES, P171 TORRES G, 1982, ARGENTINA DOCUMENTA, V2, P1 VOEKS RA, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P381 ZULOAGA FO, 1994, MONOGR SYST BOT MISS, V47, P1 ZULOAGA FO, 1996, MONOGRAPHS SYSTEMATI, V60, P1 ZULOAGA FO, 1999, BOT MISSOURI BOT GAR, V74, P1 NR 46 TC 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2565 EP 2594 PG 30 SC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 093LD UT ISI:000241168900013 ER PT J AU Andrade-Cetto, A Becerra-Jimenez, J Martinez-Zurita, E Ortega-Larrocea, P Heinrich, M AF Andrade-Cetto, Adolfo Becerra-Jimenez, Jaime Martinez-Zurita, Eddy Ortega-Larrocea, Pilar Heinrich, Michael TI Disease-Consensus Index as a tool of selecting potential hypoglycemic plants in Chikindzonot, Yucatan, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disease-Consensus Index; hypoglycemic plants; type 2 diabetes; traditional medicine; ethnobotany; Maya; Mexico ID PARMENTIERA-EDULIS; HEALERS CONSENSUS; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AB There is a general lack of adequate methods to quantitatively assess the importance of specific medicinal plants in a culture. In Mexico like in many other countries type 2 diabetes is an increasing health problem and the use of medicinal plants to treat this disease is widespread. In the present study we propose a mathematical tool for analysing ethnopharmacological field data, with the ultimate aim to select species with most prominent impact on a community to treat a single disease. Using this tool in a Yucatec Mayan community we demonstrate that Malmea depressa (Baill.) R.E. Fr. and Cecropia peltata L. are culturally most salient hypoglycemic plants in this community. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Lab Etnofarmacol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ London, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Andrade-Cetto, A, Apartado Postal 70359, Mexico City 04511, DF, Mexico. EM aac@fciencias.unam.mx phyto@ulsop.ac.uk CR *CESEM, 2005, PAG CTR SERV MUN HER *INEGI, 2005, PAG I NAC IND *WHO, 1999, DEF DIAGN CLASS DIAB, P66 ANDRADECETTO A, 1995, THESIS UNAM, P93 ANDRADECETTO A, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P145 ANDRADECETTO A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.021 ANDRADECETTO A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V99, P325, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.019 ANKLI A, 1999, ECON BOT, V53, P144 ANKLI A, 2000, THSEIS ETH ZURCH CHATROU LW, 1998, THESIS UTRECHT U CORDELL GA, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P5, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.027 DANIULAITYTE R, 2004, SOC SCI MED, V59, P1899, DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.001 EDWARDS S, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.026 HEINRICH M, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V47, P1859 JAEGER A, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P3 PATWARDHAN B, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P50, DOI 10.1016/j,jep.2005.06.006 PEREZ RM, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P391 PEREZ SG, 1997, PHARM ACTA HELV, V72, P105 PEREZGUTIERREZ RM, 1998, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V40, P354 PHILLIPS OL, 1996, SELECTED GUIDELINES, P171 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO TROTTER RT, 1986, PLANTS INDIGENOUS ME, P91 WITTERS LA, 2001, J CLIN INVEST, V108, P1105 NR 23 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP 19 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 084YP UT ISI:000240570600009 ER PT J AU Cristobal-Alejo, J Tun-Suarez, JM Moguel-Catzin, S Marban-Mendoza, N Medina-Baizabal, L Sima-Polanco, P Peraza-Sanchez, SR Gamboa-Angulo, MM AF Cristobal-Alejo, J. Tun-Suarez, J. M. Moguel-Catzin, S. Marban-Mendoza, N. Medina-Baizabal, L. Sima-Polanco, P. Peraza-Sanchez, S. R. Gamboa-Angulo, M. M. TI In vitro sensitivity of Meloidogyne incognita to extracts from native Yucatecan plants SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE in vitro assays; Meloidogyne incognita; native Yucatecan plants; nematodes; screening ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; LANTANA-CAMARA; AERIAL PARTS AB Screening of 55 plant extracts against second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita was conducted. These extracts were obtained from leaves, stems, and roots of 20 native Yucatecan plants, of which 13 species were characterized as endemic. These were Acalypha gaumeri, Ageratum gaumeri, Ambrosia hispida, Bidens alba, Blechum piramidatum, Caesalpinia yucatanensis, Calea urticifolia, Carlowrightia myriantha, Croton chichenensis, Eugenia yucatanensis, Eugenia winzerlingii, Furcraea cahum, Stenandrium nanum, Tephrosia cinerea, Trichilia arborea, Trichilia minutiflora, Randia longiloba, Randia obcordata, Randia standleyana, and Vitex gaumeri. An in vitro nematicidal assay, carried out at 250 and 500 ppm showed that extracts from Calea urticifolia leaves and roots, Eugenia winzerlingii leaves, and Tephrosia cinerea stems were the most active against M. incognita. The plant extracts were evaluated at 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm to obtain their median effective dose. Results showed that Eugenia winzerlingii leaf extract induced at 300 ppm mortalities of 77% and 84% after 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The activity demonstrated by Eugenia winzerlingii was good enough to propose this plant for further studies at greenhouse and field stages to determine its efficacy in soil. C1 Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotechnol, Grp Quim Organ, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Dept Parasitol Agr, Chapingo, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Gamboa-Angulo, MM, Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotechnol, Grp Quim Organ, Calle 43 103 Col Chuburna, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. EM mmarcela@cicy.mx CR ADEWUNMI CO, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V77, P19 AGRIOS GN, 2001, LIMUSA, P734 BAUSKE EM, 1994, NEMATROPICA, V24, P143 BEGUM S, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P765 CARRILLOFASIO JA, 2000, REV MEXICANA FITOPAT, V18, P115 CHITWOOD DJ, 2002, ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL, V40, P221, DOI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045 CONSOLINI AE, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P57 CRISTOBAL AJ, 2001, NEMATROPICA, V31, P229 DELPRADOVERA IC, 2001, REV MEXICANA FITOPAT, V19, P32 DURAN R, 1998, HARVARD PAPERS BOT, V3, P263 INZUNZA V, 2001, NEMATROPICA, V31, P47 LI Y, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V98, P329, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.020 LOCHER CP, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V49, P23 LORIMER SD, 1996, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V44, P2842 NUNEZ L, 2001, BRAZ J MICROBIOL, V32, P123 PHOURGHOLAMI MH, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P167 QAMAR F, 2005, NAT PROD RES, V19, P609, DOI 10.1080/14786410512331330594 SANGWAN NK, 1990, PESTIC SCI, V28, P331 STEEL RDG, 1986, BIOESTADISTICA PRINC, P662 THORNE J, 1995, J ECON ENTOMOL, V85, P1513 WHITEHEAD AG, 1998, PLANT NEMATODES CONT, P209 YANG YC, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P4884, DOI 10.1021/jf034225f NR 22 TC 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 2006 VL 36 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 SC Zoology GA 070MX UT ISI:000239527900008 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Crespo, F Vergara-Galicia, J Villalobos-Molina, R Lopez-Guerrero, JJ Navarrete-Vazquez, G Estrada-Soto, S AF Aguirre-Crespo, Francisco Vergara-Galicia, Jorge Villalobos-Molina, Rafael Lopez-Guerrero, Juan Javier Navarrete-Vazquez, Gabriel Estrada-Soto, Samuel TI Ursolic acid mediates the vasorelaxant activity of Lepechinia caulescens via NO release in isolated rat thoracic aorta SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Lepechinia caulescens; ursolic acid; oleanolic acid; relaxation; aortic smooth muscle; nitric oxide; cGMP ID MEXICAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS; OLEANOLIC ACID AB We have determined that the methanolic extract of L. caulescens (MELc) produced a significant vasodilator effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. This relaxation was blocked by N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), indicating that MELc vasodilator properties are endothelium mediated due to liberation of nitric oxide (NO). In this paper we aimed to corroborate its mode of action. MELc effects on noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction in isolated rat aortic thoracic rings with endothelium (+E), in the presence of atropine (0.1 mu M) and 1-H- [1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 mu M) were conducted. MELc relaxation curve was significantly shifted to the right in the presence of ODQ and atropine, thus confirming that its mode of action is related with activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the consequent increment in NO formation. Bio-guided study of MELc allowed the isolation of ursolic acid (UA, 50 mg) and ursolic-oleanolic acids mixture [UA/OA (7:3), 450 mg]. The relaxant effect of UA (0.038-110 mu M) was evaluated in functional experiments. UA induced a significant relaxation in a concentration- and endothelium-dependent manner (IC50 = 44.15 mu M) and did not produce a vasorelaxant effect on contraction evoked by KCl (80 mM). In addition, NA-induced contraction was significantly displaced to the right by UA (30 mu M). In order to determine its mode of action, UA-induced relaxant effect was evaluated in the presence of atropine (0.1 mu M), indomethacin (10 mu M), L-NAME (100 mu M) and ODQ (1 mu M). Relaxation was blocked by L-NAME and ODQ. On the other hand, UA (3 mu M) provoked a significant displacement to the left in the relaxation curve induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.32 nM to 0.1 mu M), but it was not significant in the presence of Carbamoyl choline (carbachol, 1 nM to 10 mu M). These results indicate that UA-mediated relaxation is endothelium, dependent, probably due to NO release, and the consequent activation of vascular smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a signal transduction enzyme that forms the second messenger cGMP. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Dept Farmacobiol, Mexico City 14330, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Unidad Biomed, Mexico City 54090, DF, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Ave Univ 1001,Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM enoch@uaem.mx CR *INEGI SECR SAL, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P92 *SECR SAL DIR MED, 2004, FORT DES MED TRAD ME AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P98 AGUIRRECRESPO F, 2005, PHARM BIOL, V43, P540, DOI 10.1080/13880200500220839 AKTAN F, 2004, LIFE SCI, V75, P639, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.042 BAILEY NTJ, 1995, STAT METHODS BIOL, P234 DANIEL WW, 2002, BIOESTADISTICA BASE, P295 DELGADO G, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3159 DELGADO G, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1119 HOFFMAN BB, 2005, THERAPY HYPERTENSION, P845 LIU H, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V100, P92, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.024 MONCADA S, 1997, PHARMACOL REV, V49, P137 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD RODRIGUEZLOPEZ V, 2003, FITOTERAPIA, V74, P725, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00187-4 RODRIGUEZRODRIGUEZL R, 2004, BRIT J NUTR, V92, P635, DOI 10.1079/BJN20041231 ROMANRAMOS R, 2001, PHARM BIOL, V39, P317 SARDANA S, 2003, J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM, V638, P41, DOI 10.1016/S0166-1280(03)00425-1 SCHLOSSMANN J, 2005, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V10, P627 SEO S, 1975, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P954 SOMOVA LI, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P121 VANHOUTTE PM, 2001, J CARDIOVASC PHARM, V38, P796 YICHING L, 2005, LIFE SCI, V76, P931 NR 22 TC 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 79 IS 11 BP 1062 EP 1068 PG 7 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 070TQ UT ISI:000239547700007 ER PT J AU Arreola, J Franco, JA Vicente, MJ Martinez-Sanchez, JJ AF Arreola, J. Franco, J. A. Vicente, M. J. Martinez-Sanchez, J. J. TI Effect of nursery irrigation regimes on vegetative growth and root development of Silene vulgaris after transplantation into semi-arid conditions SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW AIR HUMIDITY; WATER RELATIONS; LOTUS-CRETICUS; ESTABLISHMENT IRRIGATION; PLANTS; SEEDLINGS; DEFICIT; SOIL; MINIRHIZOTRON; DYNAMICS AB The influence of irrigation regimes during nursery production of seedlings on development of the aerial parts and root system after being transplanted into semi-arid conditions was investigated in Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke. This Mediterranean native herb is of interest for phytoremediation of contaminated soils and for edible and medicinal uses. During the 35 d nursery period, seedlings were grown in polystyrene trays. Three irrigation treatments were used throughout the nursery period: WI, well-irrigated seedlings; MS, moderately-stressed seedlings; and HS, highly-stressed seedlings. In all treatments, seedlings were overhead irrigated on 2 d per week, and the total amounts of water applied (per tray of 176 seedlings) over the whole nursery period were: W1, 16.10 1; MS, 10.75 1; and HS, 4.50 1. After the nursery period, WI and MS plants were transplanted into transparent containers (cylindrical acrylic tubes, 8 cm in diameter and 100 cm tall) and into the field, where mini-rhizotrons were used to evaluate root system dynamics. Plants transplanted into containers were watered with two irrigation regimes: normal irrigation (NI) and deficit irrigation (DI), with 0.90 or 0.45 1 plant(-1) week(-1), respectively. All plants transplanted into the field were watered equally, with 1.16 1 plant(-1) week(k-1). Post-transplantation growth of aerial parts and roots was studied over 120 d in the transparent containers and over 60 d in the field. MS and HS treatments during the nursery period produced seedlings that showed lower midday leaf water potential and greater root:aerial parts fresh weight (FW) ratios than the WI treatment. The MS treatment produced seedlings with the greatest length and FW of roots and with the highest quality. The HS treatment produced seedlings which were too small and over-hardened. The latter were therefore not used for post-transplantation experiments. After transplantation into transparent containers, MS seedling-derived plants showed greater root growth than WI-derived plants, especially when the water content of the substrate was low (DI treatment). Also, mini-rhizotrons allowed observation of more active root growth in MS seedling-derived plants than in WI seedling-derived plants after transplantation into the field, especially in the deepest layer of soil (50-75 cm). WI-derived and MS-derived plants, under NI or DI post-transplantation treatments, showed similar FWs and dry weights (DWs) of their aerial parts, but MS-derived plants showed greater leafistem FW and DW ratios than WI-derived plants under DI conditions. C1 Univ Politecn Cartagena, Dept Prod Vegetal, Inst Biotecnol Vegetal, Cartagena 30203, Spain. Colegio Postgrad, Campeche 24050, Mexico. UPCT, CEBAS, CSIC, Cartagena 30203, Spain. RP Franco, JA, Univ Politecn Cartagena, Dept Prod Vegetal, Inst Biotecnol Vegetal, Paseo Alfonso 13,48, Cartagena 30203, Spain. EM josea.franco@upct.es CR ARREOLA J, 2004, HORTSCIENCE, V39, P796 BANON S, 2002, SUSTAINABLE USE MANA, V2, P275 BANON S, 2003, ACTA HORTIC, V614, P515 BANON S, 2003, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V78, P518 BANON S, 2004, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V101, P333, DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2003.11.007 BANON S, 2006, ENVIRON EXP BOT, V56, P36, DOI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.12.004 CAMERON RWF, 2004, ACTA HORTIC, V630, P305 CHANEY RL, 1997, CURR OPIN BIOTECH, V8, P279 CLARK LJ, 2003, PLANT SOIL, V255, P93 CLARY J, 2004, ANN APPL BIOL, V144, P149 DEHERRALDE F, 1998, PLANT SCI, V139, P9 ERNST WHO, 2000, ENVIRON POLLUT, V107, P329 FERNANDEZ JA, 2004, ACTA HORTIC, V659, P245 FERNANDEZ JA, 2006, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V107, P277, DOI 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.07.008 FRANCO JA, 1997, J HORTIC SCI, V72, P797 FRANCO JA, 1999, HORTSCIENCE, V34, P487 FRANCO JA, 2001, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V76, P174 FRANCO JA, 2002, HORTSCIENCE, V37, P525 FRANCO JA, 2002, ISRAEL J PLANT SCI, V50, P25 FRANCO JA, 2002, J AM SOC HORTIC SCI, V127, P337 FRANCO JA, 2006, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V81, P3 HIPPS NA, 1996, J HORTIC SCI, V71, P819 LAUNERT E, 1981, EDIBLE MED PLANTS LESKOVAR DI, 1995, HORTSCIENCE, V30, P1153 LIPTAY A, 1998, HORTTECHNOLOGY, V8, P540 MACHADO RMA, 2003, PLANT SOIL, V255, P375 MCMICHAEL BL, 1987, AM SOC AGRONOMY SPEC, V50, P1 NEUMANN PM, 2003, ROOTS DYNAMIC INTERF, P439 PRITCHARD J, 2000, AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL, V27, P539 SANCHEZBLANCO MJ, 2002, PLANT SCI, V162, P107 SANCHEZBLANCO MJ, 2004, J ENVIRON QUAL, V33, P1369 SANCHEZBLANCO MJ, 2004, J PLANT PHYSIOL, V161, P1133, DOI 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.011 SCHOLANDER PF, 1965, SCIENCE, V148, P339 UPCHURCH DR, 1983, AGRON J, V75, P1009 VAMERALI T, 2003, PLANT SOIL, V255, P157 VIGNOLIO OR, 2002, AUST J AGR RES, V53, P1375, DOI 10.1071/AR02033 NR 36 TC 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECHNOL JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 4 BP 583 EP 592 PG 10 SC Horticulture GA 070WS UT ISI:000239557400006 ER PT J AU Avendano, A Casas, A Davila, P Lira, R AF Avendano, A. Casas, A. Davila, P. Lira, R. TI Use forms, management and commercialization of "pochote" Ceiba aesculifolia (HB & K.) Britten & Baker f. subsp parvifolia (Rose) P.E. Gibbs & Semir (Bombacaceae) in the Tehuacan Valley, Central Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE traditional plant resources management; in situ domestication; Mexican and zones; ethnobotany ID STENOCEREUS-STELLATUS CACTACEAE; POLASKIA-CHICHIPE CACTACEAE; SAN-RAFAEL-COXCATLAN; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; CUICATLAN VALLEY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; MIXTECA BAJA; DOMESTICATION; CLASSIFICATION AB This study documented information about traditional nomenclature, forms of use and management and role in peasant subsistence of the "pochote" tree, Ceiba aesculifolia subsp. parvifolia (Bonibacaccae) among the Nahua of the Tehuacan Valley, Central Mexico. Local people recognize, name and classify "pochote" variants according to fruit and seed characters such as size, form and colour. "'Pochote" is used in 12 different ways but consumption and commercialization of seeds are the most important. In addition to gathering, the main management forms are in situ unconscious dispersion of seeds, and less frequently, tolerance and protection of individuals in cleared land. There are signs that these management practices have an effect on the abundance of C. aesculifolia subsp. parvifolia individuals in the study area. More investigation is needed to determine a possible incipient domestication process of this species. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Recursos Nat, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosist, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Lira, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Recursos Nat, Av Los Barrios 1,Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico. EM rlira@servidor.unam.mx CR *INEGI, 2001, 12 CENS GEN POBL VIV *SYSTAT, 1997, SYSTAT ALEXIADES M, 1996, SELECTED GUIDELINES ARELLANO E, 2003, GENET RESOUR CROP EV, V50, P439 ARGUETA V, 1994, ATLAS FLORA MED MEXI AVENDANO S, 1998, BOMBACACEAE FLORA VE BERLIN B, 1992, ETHNOBIOLOGICAL CLAS BLANCKAERT I, 2004, J ARID ENVIRON, V57, P179, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1963(03)001000-9 CABALLERO J, 2001, PLANTAS CULTURA SOC, P123 CABALLERO J, 2003, BADEPLAM BANCO INFOR CALLEN O, 1966, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, V1, P261 CANALES M, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V97, P429, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.013 CARMONA A, 2005, J ARID ENVIRON, V60, P115, DOI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.007 CARRANZA E, 2000, FLORA BAJIO REGIONES, V90, P15 CASAS A, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P167 CASAS A, 1997, B SOC BOT MEX, V61, P31 CASAS A, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P279 CASAS A, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P522 CASAS A, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P534 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 COLIN M, 1987, ESTUDIOS MERCADOS AG COLUNGAGARCIA M, 1984, THESIS COL POSTGRADU CRUZ M, 2002, J ARID ENVIRON, V51, P561, DOI 10.1006/jare.2001.0955 DAVILA P, 2002, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V11, P421 FERNANDEZ BMN, 1999, THESIS U NACL AUTONO FRIEDMAN J, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V16, P275 GONZALEZSOBERANIS C, 2004, J ARID ENVIRON, V59, P245, DOI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.01.018 HARLAN JR, 1992, CROPS MAN FDN MODERN HAWKES JG, 1983, DIVERSITY CROP PLANT HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 2004, AGR HUM VALUES, V21, P127 HOFT M, 1999, QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBO HUNN ES, 1998, ANTHROPOLOGICA, V40, P35 LADEJI O, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V84, P139 LUDLOWWIECHERS B, 1980, INIREB COMUNICADO LUNAMORALES CD, 2001, INTERCIENCIA, V26, P18 MACNEISH R, 1966, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, P290 MAPES C, 1981, ETNOMICOLOGIA PURHEP MAPES C, 1982, J ETHNOBIOL, V1, P17 MARTIN G, 1997, ETHNOBOTANY PEOPLE P NICHOLS S, 2004, TRENDS COGN SCI, V8, P514, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2004.09.001 OSORNO S, 2001, THESIS U NACL AUTONO OTEROARNAIZ A, 2003, AM J BOT, V90, P595 OTEROARNAIZ A, 2005, MOL ECOL, V14, P1603, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02494.x PARDO J, 2001, THESIS U NACL AUTONO ROHLF FJ, 1997, NUMERICAL TAXONOMY M ROJASARECHIGA M, 2001, J ARID ENVIRON, V49, P279 ROSAS R, 2003, THESIS U NACL AUTONO STANDLEY P, 1923, CONTRIBUTIONS US NAT, V23, P366 VALIENTEBANUET A, 2000, B SOC BOTANICA MEXIC, P25 ZARATE S, 1999, J ETHNOBIOL, V19, P1 ZEPEDA B, 1985, THESIS U NACL AUTONO ZOHARY D, 1993, DOMESTICATION PLANTS ZOHARY D, 2004, ECON BOT, V58, P5 NR 53 TC 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 15 EP 35 PG 21 SC Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 061SG UT ISI:000238892100002 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Alarcon, G Rodriguez, C Heredia, N TI Extracts of Acacia farnesiana and Artemisia ludoviciana inhibit growth, enterotoxin production and adhesion of Vibrio cholerae SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acacia farnesiana; adhesion; Artemisia ludoviciana; cholera toxin; medicinal plants; Vibrio cholerae ID NIGERIAN CHEWING STICKS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETICS; PLANTS AB Extracts of 32 medicinal plants commonly used in Mexico were evaluated for their effects on the growth of Vibrio cholerae strains O1 and O139. Of these, the ethanolic extracts of Acacia farnesiana and Artemisia ludoviciana effectively inhibited bacterial growth. The effects of these plant extracts on enterotoxin production and adhesion of V. cholerae to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were determined. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for growth was 4.0-7.0 mg/ml for A. farnesiana and 4.0-6.0 mg/ml in A. ludoviciana spp. mexicana. Cholera toxin was inhibited when lower concentrations (50% or 75% of the MBC) of extracts were added to the media. Pre-exposing bacteria or CHO cells to various concentrations of extracts affected in a different manner the adhesion between bacteria and CHO cells. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Fac Ciencias Biol, San Nicolas, NL, Mexico. RP Heredia, N, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Apdo Postal 124-F, San Nicolas, NL, Mexico. EM norma@microbiosymas.com CR ALBERT MJ, 2000, HDB BACTERIAL ADHESI, P541 BETLEY MJ, 1986, ANNU REV MICROBIOL, V40, P577 BLAKE PA, 1980, NEW ENGL J MED, V302, P305 BRANTNER A, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V44, P35 DEWIT JC, 1979, J FOOD PROTECT, V42, P222 DUKE J, 1992, HDB PHYTOCHEMICAL CO, P654 FARUQUE SM, 1998, MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R, V62, P1301 FINKELSTEIN RA, 1973, CRIT REV MICROBIOL, V3, P522 GARCIA S, 2001, J HERBS SPICES MED P, V8, P37 GARCIA S, 2002, J FOOD PROTECT, V65, P1667 GARCIA S, 2005, FOOD BIOTECHNOL, V19, P15, DOI 10.1081/FBT-200049051 HENRIKSSON A, 1996, CURR MICROBIOL, V33, P31 HEREDIA NL, 1998, J FOOD PROTECT, V61, P1143 LEVINE MM, 1979, HOSP PRACT, V14, P89 LEVINE MM, 1982, J INFECT DIS, V145, P296 LEVINE MM, 1988, INFECT IMMUN, V56, P161 MARTINEZ M, 1936, PLANTAS UTILES MEXIC, P166 NELSON ET, 1976, INFECT IMMUN, V31, P753 ROTIMI VO, 1988, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V32, P5885 SCRASCIA M, 2003, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V52, P303, DOI 10.1093/jac/dkg318 SILVA GL, 1998, NATURAL PRODUCTS ISO, P343 SOTOHY SA, 1995, DEUT TIERARZTL WOCH, V102, P344 SRIVASTAVA R, 1980, J MED MICROBIOL, V13, P1 TAMPLIN ML, 1988, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V49, P7 TRANTER HS, 1993, J APPL BACTERIOL, V74, P253 WOLINSKY LE, 1983, CARIES RES, V17, P253 WOLINSKY LE, 1984, CARIES RES, V18, P216 NR 27 TC 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOL JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 059QQ UT ISI:000238747700003 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, RMP Vargas, R AF Perez Gutierrez, R. M. Vargas S., R. TI Evaluation of the wound healing properties of Acalypha langiana in diabetic rats SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE Acalypha langinia; wound healing properties; diabetic rats AB Acalypha langinia is a well-known plant in the traditional medicine. Based on its traditional use, this plant was selected for evaluation of its wound healing potential. Topical application twice a day for 7 days of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.5% sterile solution of aqueous extract from leaves of A. langinia significantly increased the healing process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IPN, Escuela Super Ingn Quim & Ind Extract, Lab Invest Prod Nat, Mexico City 07708, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Lab Invest Fitofarmacol, Mexico City 48231, DF, Mexico. RP Gutierrez, RMP, IPN, Escuela Super Ingn Quim & Ind Extract, Lab Invest Prod Nat, Punto Fijo 16,Col Torres Lindavista Cp, Mexico City 07708, DF, Mexico. EM rmpg@prodigy.net.mx CR ARGUETA AV, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P750 DARIAS V, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, S1 GOODSON WH, 1979, SURG GYNECOL OBSTET, V149, P600 JUNOD A, 1969, J CLIN INVEST, V48, P2129 RAGHOW R, 1994, FASEB J, V8, P823 VILLEGAS LF, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P193 NR 6 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 BP 286 EP 289 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 058LD UT ISI:000238665600008 ER PT J AU Garcia, VMN Rojas, G Zepeda, LG Aviles, M Fuentes, M Herrera, A Jimenez, E TI Antifungal and antibacterial activity of four selected Mexican medicinal plants SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; folk medicine; infectious diseases; medicinal plants ID ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; DISEASES; LEAVES AB The antifungal and antibacterial activity of 10 crude extracts from four different species, all of them used in Mexican folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases, were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. All extracts from the above plants showed some degree of antimicrobial activity against at least two microorganisms tested. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the methanol extract of Lysiloma acapulcensis, whereas the methanol extract from Loeselia mexicana showed the best antifungal activity against dermatophytes. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed, Microbiol Lab, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Quim Organ, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Garcia, VMN, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed, Microbiol Lab, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM vmnavg@yahoo.com.mx CR *WHO, 2004, WORLD HLTH REP 2004, P120 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P156 ARGUETA A, 1994, ALAS PLANTAS MED TRA, V1, P1786 AVILES M, 1994, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED, P47 AVILES M, 2001, INFORM PROGRAMA PART, P65 BERLIN B, 1990, HERBOLARIA MED TZELT, P154 FOSTEL JM, 2000, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V5, P25 GADHI CA, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V15, P79 GONZALEZ M, 2004, J NAT PROD, V67, P938, DOI 10.1021/np0305019 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 MONROY OC, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P400 NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 NAVARRO V, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P223 RAHALISON L, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P41 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 RIOS MY, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P967 ROJAS G, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V74, P97 NR 17 TC 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 051WW UT ISI:000238193400014 ER PT J AU Cespedes, CL Avila, JG Martinez, A Serrato, B Calderon-Mugica, JC Salgado-Garciglia, R TI Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tagetes lucida; Mexican tarragon; antibacterial; antifungal; simple coumarins; spice ID ARMYWORM SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS; GROWTH-INHIBITION; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ANTIOXIDANT; GUATEMALA; EXTRACTS; FLAVONOIDS; ASTERACEAE; ENTEROBACTERIA AB Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida Cv. Asteraceae: Campanulatae) is an important, nutritious plant and an effective herbal medicine. Seven coumarins, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (4), umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) ( 5), scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) (7), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) (11), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (12), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) (13), and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) (14), and three flavonoids, patuletin (18), quercetin (19), and quercetagetin (20), were isolated from CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts from aerial parts of T. lucida. In addition, 6,7-diacetoxy coumarin (15), 6-methoxy-7-acetylcoumarin (16), and 6-acetoxy-7-methoxycoumarin (17) derivatives were synthesized. 8-Methoxypsoralen (1), 8-acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (2), 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (3), 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (8), 4-hydroxycoumarin (9), 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethylcoumarin (10), naringenin (21), glycoside-7-rhamnonaringin (22), and rutin (23) were commercially obtained (Sigma-Aldrich). All of these compounds and extracts (M-1 and M-2) were assayed against bacteria and fungi. The antibacterial activity was determined on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella sp., Shigella boydii, Shigella sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterolitica, Vibrio cholerae (three El Tor strains, CDC-V12, clinic case, and INDRE-206, were obtained from contaminated water), and V. cholerae(NO-O1). The evaluated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium sporotrichum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most active compounds against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were the dihydroxylated coumarins 3 and 4. In addition, 2-4, 6, 7, and 11 showed an interesting activity against V. cholerae, a key bacterium in the contaminated water; 2-4 were the most active. Coumarins were the most effective compounds against Gram-negative bacteria. The extract MeOH/CH2Cl2 (1: 4) M-2 at 0.4 mu g/disk inhibited the growth of E. coli and P. mirabilis (40%), K. pneumoniae (31.1%), Salmonella sp. (35.5%), and Shigella sp. (0%) at 72 h of culture. The dimethoxy compounds 6 and 7 showed a strong activity against fungal strains, especially T. mentagrophytes and R. solani (100% of inhibition at 125.0 and 250.0 mu g/mL, respectively). C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO FES Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 5409, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. UMSNH, Inst Invest Quim Biol, Morelia 058030, Michoacan, Mexico. Cenapros INIFAP, Alvaro Obregon, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Cespedes, CL, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO FES Iztacala, Ave Barrios S-N, Tlalnepantla 5409, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. EM cespedes_leonardo@yahoo.com CR ABAD MJ, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P142 ABDALA LR, 2001, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V29, P861 ABDALA LR, 2003, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V31, P323, DOI 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00156-4 AHDALA LR, 1999, BIOCH SYST ECOL, V27, P753 ANDLAUER W, 2003, INT J VITAM NUTR RES, V73, P55 AOKI K, 1994, PHYTON, V56, P43 AQUINO R, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1773, DOI 10.1021/np020018i AYLON TT, 1994, MEXICO RECURSOS NATU, P179 BARON EJ, 1995, BAILEY SCOTTS DIAGNO, P171 BERENBAUM MR, 1991, HERBIVORES THEIR INT, V1, P221 BROWN SA, 1986, SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWA, V20, P287 BYE R, 1999, ARQUEOLOGIA MEX, V39, P4 CACERES A, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P55 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P73 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P77 CALDERON JS, 2001, Z NATURFORSCH C, V56, P382 CESPEDES CL, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P1903 CESPEDES CL, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P4243 CESPEDES CL, 2001, Z NATURFORSCH C, V56, P603 CESPEDES CL, 2001, Z NATURFORSCH C, V56, P95 CESPEDES CL, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P2283 CESPEDES CL, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P1963, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.03.037 CESPEDES CL, 2006, Z NATURFORSCH C, V61, P35 DELASHERAS B, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P161 DODDS JH, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P999 DOMINGUEZ M, 2005, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V53, P5889, DOI 10.1021/jf0504972 FARNSWORTH NR, 1984, NATURAL PRODUCTS DRU, P1 FOWLER MW, 1987, BASIC BIOTECHNOLOGY, P525 GARCIGLIA RS, 1995, THESIS CINVESTAV IRA GREULACH AV, 1970, PLANTAS, P212 HARBORNE JB, 1986, NAT PROD REP, V3, P323 JAYME V, 1998, PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT, V62, P161 KUBO I, 2003, Z NATURFORSCH C, V58, P713 KUBO I, 2003, Z NATURFORSCH C, V58, P719 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 LORENZO D, 2002, FLAVOUR FRAG J, V17, P115 MARQUEZALONSO C, 1999, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, V2, P178 METCALF RL, 1982, ENCY CHEM TECHNOLOGY, V13, P413 MURRAY RDH, 1982, NATURAL COUMARINS OC PENSO G, 1982, INDEX PLANTARUM MEDI RZEDOWSKI J, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V15, P47 SARUKHAN J, 1995, DIVERSIDAD BIOL U ME, V536, P3 SCHULTES RE, 1982, PLANTAS DIOSES, P58 SCHULTZ T, 2002, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V61, P550 SCHULTZ TP, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V54, P47 SEIGLER DS, 1997, PLANT SECONDARY META, P130 SIDDIQUI MA, 1988, INDIAN J NEMATOL, V18, P181 SIDDIQUI MA, 1988, INDIAN J NEMATOL, V18, P335 TERESCHUK ML, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V56, P227 TOLEDO VM, 1993, CIENC UNAM, V34, P43 TORRES P, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V64, P463, DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00348-0 VILLAR R, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P441 WANG HX, 2002, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V61, P1 YU DL, 2003, MED RES REV, V23, P322, DOI 10.1002/med.10034 NR 55 TC 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 3521 EP 3527 PG 7 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology GA 043HH UT ISI:000237590600006 ER PT J AU Rigo, LC Pereda-Miranda, R TI Resin glycosides from the flowers of Ipomoea murucoides SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TRICOLOR CONVOLVULACEAE; ROOTS; REMEDIES AB The CHCl3-soluble extract from the flowers of the Mexican medicinal plant Ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded murucoidins I-V(1-5), which are new pentasaccharides of jalapinolic acid, as well as the known stoloniferin I (6). Saponification of the crude resin glycoside mixture yielded two glycosidic acids, simonic acid B (9) and operculinic acid A (10), and their esterifying residues were composed of the two short-chain fatty acids, 2-methylpropanoic and (2S)-methylbutyric acids. All the isolated compounds (1-6) were characterized through high-field NMR spectroscopy. Compound 4 exhibited marginal cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells (ED50 4 mu g/mL). C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM pereda@servidor.unam.mx CR ANGERHOFER CK, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P59 AUSTIN DF, 1996, TAXON, V45, P3 AUSTIN L, 1988, HUMAN BODY IDEOLOGY, P270 BAH M, 1996, TETRAHEDRON, V52, P13063 BAH M, 1997, TETRAHEDRON, V53, P9007 BARNES CC, 2003, J NAT PROD, V66, P1457 DEMONTELLANO O, 1990, AZTEC MED HLTH NUTR, P213 EMMART EW, 1940, BADIANUS MANUSCRIPT, P215 FOSTER GM, 1994, HIPPOCRATES LATIN AM, P165 FURST PT, 1974, MESOAMERICAN ARCHAEO, P187 FURST PT, 1995, ETHNOBOTANY EVOLUTIO, P108 LEON I, 2005, J NAT PROD, V68, P1141, DOI 10.1021/np050075m MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P235 MIRANDA F, 1964, LIBELLUS MEDICINALIB, P243 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P104 NODA N, 1992, CHEM PHARM BULL, V40, P3163 NODA N, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P365 ONO M, 1989, CHEM PHARM BULL, V37, P3209 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1993, J NAT PROD, V56, P571 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2002, TETRAHEDRON, V58, P3145 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2003, CURR TOP MED CHEM, V3, P111 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2005, J NAT PROD, V68, P226, DOI 10.1021/np0496340 RENCUROSI A, 2004, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V43, P5918, DOI 10.1002/anie.200460327 SCHULTES RE, 1992, PLANTS GODS THEIR SA, P158 SKEHAN P, 1990, J NATL CANCER I, V82, P1107 VILLAMAR AA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1, P351 NR 26 TC 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 4 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 039YB UT ISI:000237343400015 ER PT J AU Reyes-Chilpa, R Baggio, CH Alavez-Solano, D Estrada-Muniz, E Kauffman, FC Sanchez, RI Mesia-Vela, S TI Inhibition of gastric H+,K+-ATPase activity by flavonoids, coumarins and xanthones isolated from Mexican medicinal plants SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastric ATPase; coumarins; xanthones; calophyllum; H+,K+-ATPase inhibition; Lonchocarpus; jayacanol; mundulinol; mundulin; minimiflorin; gastroprotection ID CALOPHYLLUM-BRASILIENSIS; RATS AB Medicinal plants are commonly used in Latin American folk medicine for the treatment of gastric problems. In order to understand the properties of some of their chemical constituents, four natural xanthones, an acetylated derivative, two coumarins (mammea A/BA and mammea C/OA) isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess and two flavonoids (minimiflorin and mundulin) isolated from Lonchocarpus oaxacensis Pittier, and the chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from Lonchocarpus guatemalensis Benth were tested for their activities on gastric H+,K+-ATPase isolated from dog stomach. All the compounds tested inhibited H+,K+-ATPase activity with varied potency. The xanthones inhibited the H+,K+-ATPase with IC50 values ranging from 47 mu M to 1.6 mM. Coumarins inhibited H+,K+-ATPase with IC50 values of 110 and 638 mu M. IC50 values for the flavonoids ranged from 9.6 to 5 10 mu M among which minimiflorin was the most potent. The results suggest that H+,K+-ATPase is sensitive to inhibition by several types of structurally different natural compounds. The potency of the effects on gastric H+,K+-ATPase depends on the presence, position and number of hydroxyls groups in the molecule. Collectively, these results suggest a potential for important pharmacological and toxicological interactions by these types of natural products at the level of H+,K+-ATPase which may explain, at least in part, the gastroprotective properties, indicated by traditional medicine, of the plants from which these compounds were isolated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Farmacol, Ctr Politecn, Setor Ciencias Biol, BR-81531900 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Pharm, Lab Cellular & Biochem Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Mesia-Vela, S, Univ Fed Parana, Dept Farmacol, Ctr Politecn, Setor Ciencias Biol, Jardin Amer,Caixa Postal 19031, BR-81531900 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM sm2418@columbia.edu CR ALAVEZSOLANO D, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P953 ARGUETA A, 1994, ALAS PLANTAS MED TRA, V1, P1786 BELLAMY D, 1992, WORLD MED PLANTS PAT, P318 BISBY FA, 1994, PHYTOCHEMICAL DICT L CORREA MP, 1978, DICIONARIO PLANTAS U, V3, P388 CROMBIE L, 1972, J CHEM SOC P1, P2255 DASILVA KL, 2001, THERAPIE, V56, P431 DELLEMONACHE F, 1978, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V17, P1812 DUKE JA, 1994, AMAZONIAN ETHNOBOTAN FANG NB, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P205 FISKE CH, 1925, J BIOL CHEM, V66, P375 GOTTARDI CJ, 1993, J BIOL CHEM, V268, P14342 GREENARD P, 1987, EDITORIAL 1 ORSTROM, V108, P569 GUARIMNETO G, 1987, PLANTAS UTILIZADAS M, P58 GUIMARAES EF, 1993, ARVORES JARDIM BOT R, P99 ITO C, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P267 JOHNSON T, 1999, CRC ETHNOBOTANY DESK, P140 KUBO K, 1995, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V30, P944 LEWIS WH, 1977, MED BOT PLANTS AFFEC, P348 MESIAVELA S, 2001, PHYTOMEDICINE, V8, P481 MURAKAMI S, 1992, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V44, P33 MURAKAMI S, 1999, J ENZYM INHIB, V14, P151 PALOMINO G, 2000, ANN BOT-LONDON, V85, P69 REYESCHILPA R, 1997, J CHEM ECOL, V23, P1901 REYESCHILPA R, 1999, INT C ETHN DRUG DISC RUTTER RA, 1990, CATALOGO PLANTAS UTI, P349 SACHS G, 1976, J BIOL CHEM, V251, P7690 SARTORI NT, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P149 VASQUEZ MR, 1990, USEFUL PLANTS AMAZON NR 29 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD APR 21 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 036UN UT ISI:000237101300024 ER PT J AU Pereda-Miranda, R Kaatz, GW Gibbons, S TI Polyacylated oligosaccharides from medicinal Mexican morning glory species as antibacterials and inhibitors of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID LINEZOLID RESISTANCE; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; EFFLUX PUMPS; PLANT; INFECTIONS; SYNERGY AB Twenty-two convolvulaceous oligosaccharides selected from the tricolorin (1-7), scammonin (S, 9), and orizabin (10-22) series were evaluated for activity against a panel of Staphylococcus aureus strains possessing or lacking specific efflux pumps. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC values) for most of the amphipatic compounds ranged from 4 to 32 mu g/mL against XU-212 (possessing the TetK multidrug efflux pump) and SA-1199B (overexpressing the NorA multidrug efflux pump), compared with 64 and 0.25 mu g/mL, respectively, for tetracycline. This activity was shown to be bactericidal. Two microbiologically inactive members of the orizabin series (10, 20) increased norfloxacin susceptibility of strain SA-1199B. At low concentrations, compound 10 was a more potent inhibitor of multidrug pump-mediated EtBr efflux than reserpine. The wide range of antimicrobial activity displayed by these compounds is an example of synergy between related components occurring in the same medicinal crude drug extract, i.e., microbiologically inactive components disabling a resistance mechanism, potentiating the antibiotic properties of the active substances. These results provide an insight into the antimicrobial potential of these complex macrocyclic lactones and open the possibility of using these compounds as starting points for the development of potent inhibitors of S. aureus multidrug efflux pumps. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ London, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM pereda@servidor.unam.mx CR *CDCP, 2001, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V29, P404 *CDCP, 2002, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V51, P565 *CDCP, 2002, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V51, P902 *CDCP, 2004, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V53, P322 *NCCLS, 1999, M7A5 NCCLS BAH M, 1997, TETRAHEDRON, V53, P9007 CANTRELL CL, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P685 CHANG FY, 2003, MEDICINE, V82, P322, DOI 10.1097/01.md.0000091185.93122.40 COWAN MM, 1999, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V12, P564 DIXON RA, 2001, NATURE, V411, P843 GIBBONS S, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P139 GIBBONS S, 2003, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V51, P13, DOI 10.1093/jac/dkg044 GONZALES RD, 2001, LANCET, V357, P1179 HERNANDEZCARLOS B, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P1096 HERSHBERGER E, 2004, CLIN INFECT DIS, V38, P92 KAATZ GW, 1993, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V37, P1086 KAATZ GW, 2000, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V44, P1404 LIVERMORE DM, 2000, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V16, P3 LOWY FD, 1998, NEW ENGL J MED, V339, P520 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2002, TETRAHEDRON, V58, P10251 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 2003, CURR TOP MED CHEM, V3, P111 RIVEROCRUZ I, 2005, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V57, P117 STERMITZ FR, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P1433 STERMITZ FR, 2003, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V13, P1915, DOI 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00316-0 TSIODRAS S, 2001, LANCET, V358, P207 WILLIAMSON EM, 2001, PHYTOMEDICINE, V8, P401 WILSON P, 2003, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V51, P186, DOI 10.1093/jac/dkg104 NR 27 TC 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAR PY 2006 VL 69 IS 3 BP 406 EP 409 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 028OK UT ISI:000236497400023 ER PT J AU Ponce-Macotela, M Rufino-Gonzalez, Y Gonzalez-Maciel, A Reynoso-Robles, R Martinez-Gordillo, MN TI Oregano (Lippia spp.) kills Giardia intestinalis trophozoites in vitro: antigiardiasic activity and ultrastructural damage SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; METRONIDAZOLE; DUODENALIS; EXTRACTS; PROTOZOA; LAMBLIA AB In the world, giardiosis is still a very important parasitic disease; only in Asia, Africa and America, there are more than 200 million of infected people in a year. The usual treatments are drugs that produce undesirable secondary effects, perhaps favouring the resistant strain selection. One alternative is to research compounds from plants used as antidiarrhoeic or antiparasitic in the traditional medicine. In a previous work, we found that Lippia beriandieri (Oregano) revealed to be more potent than tinidazole, a common antigiardiasic drug. In this current work, we tested the cell viability by re-culture and reduction of MTT-tetrazolium salts to MTT-formazan, and we showed the effect of oregano ethanolic extracts against Giardia intestinalis (synonyms: Giardia duodenalis, Giardia lamblia) trophozoites at concentrations ranging form 58 to 588 mu g. We demonstrated the ultrastructural injury produced by oregano extracts in this parasite. Trophozoites lost their size and shape and showed damage in nucleus structure, perhaps by breaking the pattern of nucleoskeleton proteins. C1 Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City 04530, DF, Mexico. RP Martinez-Gordillo, MN, Inst Nacl Pediat, Insurgentes Sur,3700-C, Mexico City 04530, DF, Mexico. EM marionmgordillo@yahoo.com CR ADAM RD, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P447 ASTIAZARANGARCIA H, 2000, EXP PARASITOL, V95, P128 BULUT BU, 1996, SCAND J INFECT DIS, V28, P493 COMITE OMS, 1988, B ORG MON SAN, V66, P23 FREEMAN CD, 1997, DRUGS, V54, P679 GARDNER TB, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P114 GILLIS JC, 1996, DRUGS, V51, P621 HARRIS JC, 2001, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V57, P614 JOHNSON PJ, 1993, PARASITOL TODAY, V9, P183 LASKY AL, 2000, NAT CELL BIOL, V2, P241 LEMEE V, 2000, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V46, P819 MARTINEZ V, 2001, ANN DERMATOL VENER, V128, P903 MENDELSON RM, 1980, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V74, P438 PICKERING LK, 1985, PEDIAT INFECT DIS, V4, S6 PONCEMACOTELA M, 1994, REV INVEST CLIN, V46, P343 PONCEMACOTELA M, 2001, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V44, P151 PONCEMACOTELA M, 2001, REV INVEST CLIN, V53, P41 PONCEMACOTELA M, 2002, INT J PARASITOL, V32, P1201 ROMERO CR, 1997, T R SOC TROP MED HYG, V91, P701 SANGSTER N, 2002, INT J PARASITOL, V32, P637 TOWSON SM, 1994, ACTA TROP, V56, P173 UPCROFT P, 1994, ACTA TROP, V56, P195 UPCROFT P, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P150 NR 23 TC 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 98 IS 6 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 SC Parasitology GA 028OZ UT ISI:000236499000010 ER PT J AU Robles-Zepeda, RE Molina-Torres, J Lozoya-Gloria, E Lopez, MG TI Volatile organic compounds of leaves and flowers of Montanoa tomentosa SO FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Montanoa tomentosa; medicinal plant; aerial parts; volatile constituents; sabinene; alpha-thujene; SPME-GC-MS ID PLANTS AB Montanoa tomentosa is a valued plant due to its medicinal properties, mainly as a menstruation and childbirth inducer. The volatile constituents of the aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of this medicinal plant were analysed by SPME-GC-MS. The major constituents of the volatile fraction were monoterpenes, such sabinene, alpha-pinene and alpha-thujene, which accounted for 65% of the total fraction. Other identified compounds were sesquiterpenes, like alpha-gurjunene, caryophyllene and germacrene D, but in minor amount. The total proportion of identified compounds was 86.7% (17 volatiles) and 82.1% (14 volatiles) for leaves and flowers, respectively. Some of the most abundant terpenes found in this plant are well known for their relevant roles in the environment and in many industrial applications. The characterization of volatile from M. tomentosa is established in this study for the first time, therefore their utility in different aspects, opens an interesting area to carry out further investigation of the plant. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 IPN, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico. Univ Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Lopez, MG, IPN, Dept Biotecnol & Bioquim, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico. EM mlopez@ira.cinvestav.mx CR ALCARAZ C, 2001, ANAL CHEM, V73, P4729 CORNU A, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P203 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P569 FUNK VA, 1982, MEMOIRS NEW YORK BOT, V36 GALLEGOS AJ, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P211 GERSHENZON J, 1991, HERBIVORES THEIR INT, V1, P165 HELLIWELL CA, 1999, PLANT PHYSIOL, V119, P507 LORENZETTI BB, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P43 LOZOYA X, 1999, XIUHAPATLI HERBA OFF, P33 MARTENSLOBENHOFFER J, 1998, PHARMAZIE, V53, P136 MCCASKILL D, 1998, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V16, P349 MOOKHERJEE BD, 1992, ACS SYM SER, V525, P35 PICKETT JA, 1984, P BRIT CROP PROT C P, V1, P247 RETAMAR JA, 1994, ESSENZE DERIV AGRUM, V64, P61 ROUSSIS V, 2000, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V28, P163 RUSSIN WA, 1989, CARCINOGENESIS, V10, P2161 SATO H, 54148183, JP, APPL YAMASAKI T, 1997, APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL, V32, P423 ZHENG GQ, 1993, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V41, P153 NR 19 TC 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0882-5734 J9 FLAVOUR FRAG J JI Flavour Frag. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 21 IS 2 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology GA 020MH UT ISI:000235913100007 ER PT J AU Herrera-Ruiz, M Jimenez-Ferrer, JE De Lima, TCM Aviles-Montes, D Perez-Garcia, D Gonzalez-Cortazar, M Tortoriello, J TI Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activity of a standardized extract from Galphimia glauca SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anxiolytic; antidepressant; Galphimia glauca; galphimines; triterpenes; medicinal plants; complementary and alternative medicine ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; TEGMENTAL AREA NEURONS; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; NOR-SECOFRIEDELANES; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; ANXIETY; RATS; MICE; BEHAVIOR; AGENTS AB An infusion prepared with aerial parts from Galphimia glauca has been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for nervous excitement. The sedative activity of a methanolic extract from this plant has been demonstrated by neuropharmacological tests. This effect was attributed to the nor-secotriterpene named galphimine B (GB). In the present work, the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of G. glauca methanolic extract (standardized on GB content, 8.3 mg/g) were assayed by using the elevated plus-maze, light-dark test and the forced swimming paradigm, on ICR albino mice. This extract, administered orally, three times (24, 18 and I h before the test), and in different doses (125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg) was able to increase significantly (p < 0.05) the number of entries, as well as the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze, indicating an anxiolytic-like effect. A similar effect was observed in the light-dark paradigm test, the time spent in the light box was increased in treated mice. Nevertheless, this treatment was unable to change any parameter in the forced swimming test. Altogether, these results suggest an anxiolytic-like effect to the methanolic standardized extract of G. glauca on ICR inbred mice. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Suguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Pharmacol, Neuropharmacol Lab, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, Inst Mexicano Suguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jaime.tortoriello@imss.gob.mx CR CAMACHO MD, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1457, DOI 10.1021/np010419i COSTA M, 1996, NEUROSCIENCE, V75, P949 CRAWLEY J, 1980, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V13, P167 DAWSON GR, 1995, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V16, P33 DEMYTTENAERE K, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P2581 ESTRADA E, 1985, JARDIN BOTANICO PLAN, P15 IMAMURA M, 1998, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V64, P415 LISTER RG, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V92, P180 LOPANTSEV V, 2003, EPILEPSIA, V44, P1506 OSUNA L, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P149 PALUCHA A, 2002, POL J PHARMACOL, V54, P581 PELLOW S, 1985, J NEUROSCI METH, V14, P149 PETERSSON S, 2003, EUR J NEUROSCI, V18, P3231, DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.03044.x PORSOLT RD, 1978, EUR J PHARMACOL, V51, P291 PRIETOGOMEZ B, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P38 REINMAN EM, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P1071 RODGERS RJ, 1994, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V49, P985 TAKETA ATC, 2004, J NAT PROD, V67, P644, DOI 10.1021/np0304666 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P234 TORTORIELLO J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P398 TORTORIELLO J, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P309 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 TREIT D, 1985, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V9, P203 VIANNAJORGE R, 2003, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V138, P57, DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705023 NR 24 TC 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JAN PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 010NE UT ISI:000235200600004 ER PT J AU Osuna, L Tapia-Perez, ME Jimenez-Ferrer, JE Carrillo-Quiroz, BA Silva-Sanchez, J TI Screening of Alternanthera repens, Boerhavia coccinea, Flaveria trinervia, Tournefortia densiflora, and Vitex mollis extracts to evaluate their antibacterial activity and effect on smooth muscle. I SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternanthera repens; antibacterial activity; antispasmodic activity; Boerhavia coccinea; diarrhea; dysentery; Flaveria trinervia; multi-resistant enteric bacteria; Tournefortia densiflora; Vitex mollis ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; RESISTANCE AB Organic extracts of Five medicinal plants (Alternanthera repens (L) Kuntze, Boerhavia coccinea Mill, Flaveria trinervia (Spreng) C. Mohr, Tournefortia densiflora M. et G., and Vitex mollis Kunth), widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, were evaluated for antibacterial and intestinal antispasmodic activity. The antibacterial properties were determined it? vitro by the agar dilution method against multi-resistant enteric bacteria obtained from clinical isolates of Escherichia coli R166 and R170, Salmonella typhi R1234 and R 1330, and Enterobacter cloacae R819, and against ATCC strains Shigella sonnei 11060, Escherichia coli 25922, Proteus mirabilis 43071, and Salmonella typhimurium 14028. In order to evaluate the effect of the extracts on the contraction induced in vitro, preparations of intestine from guinea-pigs were used. The integral extracts of B. coccinea and T densiflora were the most active species with a MIC of <2 mg/ml. The highest antispasmodic activity was obtained with V. mollis extract, 37% motility inhibition. These findings could be useful in the search for new therapeutic agents. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Fisiol Vegetal, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Med, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Osuna, L, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM osunalidia@yahoo.com CR *NCCLS, 2002, M100S12 NCCLS AGUILARSANTAMARIA L, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P531 ALI MS, 1999, FITOTERAPIA, V70, P299 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1, P78 CHATTOPADHYAY D, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P229 GARCIA SB, 1995, FITOTERAPIA, V66, P324 GREENWOOD D, 1998, J MED MICROBIOL, V47, P751 NIMRI LF, 1999, PHARM BIOL, V37, P196 OLUKOYA DK, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P69 RAMABHIMAIAH S, 1984, INDIAN DRUGS, V21, P343 STRUELENS MJ, 1998, J MED MICROBIOL, V47, P1035 TAPIAPEREZ ME, 1999, THESIS UAEM CUERNAVA, P1 TAPIAPEREZ ME, 2003, PHARM BIOL, V41, P182 TILTON RC, 1987, CLIN PATHOGENIC MICR, P121 WOLDEMICHAEL GM, 1999, Z NATURFORSCH, V58, P70 ZAVALA MA, 1980, J NAT PRODUCTS, V2, P60 NR 16 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 9 BP 749 EP 753 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 011YI UT ISI:000235305000004 ER PT J AU Navarrete, A Avula, B Joshi, VC Ji, XH Hersh, P Khan, IA TI Quantitative determination of triterpenes from Amphiptherygium adstringens by liquid chromatography and morphological analysis of cuachalalate preparations SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPTERYGIUM-ADSTRINGENS; STEM BARK; PHENOLS; ACID AB Amphiptherygium adstringens (Anacardiaceae/Julianaceae), local name '' cuachalalate,'' is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cholelithiasis, fevers, fresh wounds, hypercholesterolemia, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The development of column high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (LC-PDA) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry methods for the determination of masticadienonic acid and 3-hydroxymasticadienonic acid in cuachalalate preparations is described in this paper. Good separation of the compounds could be achieved by both methods. Either might be preparable depending on the requirements. The LC separation was performed on a Phenomenex Synergi MAX-RP 80A reversed-phase column operated at 40 degrees C with detection at 215 nm. The plant materials were extracted with methanol by sonication. The triterpenes present in the plant material and commercial extracts were separated with an acetonitrile-water reagent alcohol isocratic system. The limit of detection was 0.1-0.2 mu g/mL. The relative standard deviation values for the determination of triterpenes in plant extracts were less than 1.00%. This is the first report of an analytical method developed for the quantitative analysis of triterpenes from Amphiptherygium adstringens by LC-PDA and HPTLC. The stem bark showed higher amounts of triterpenes, and low amounts in root and stem root. The microscopic description of the crude drug of cuachalalate was also provided. C1 Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Delegac Morelos, Cuernavaca 62440, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res,Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Navarrete, A, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM anavarrt@servidor.unam.mx CR *COM PERM FARM EST, 2001, FARM HERB EST UN MEX, P12 ABOURASHED EA, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P657, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1223 AGUILARORTIGOZA CJ, 2003, ECON BOT, V57, P354 ARRIETA J, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P905 DOMINGUEZ X, 1983, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V14, P99 FAHN AF, 1974, AM J BOT, V16, P1 KUBO J, 1999, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V47, P533 LOGAN BK, 1994, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V288, P111 MAKINO M, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P891, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.12.012 MATA R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P147 MATA R, 1993, PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENT, P41 NAVARRETE A, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P579 NAVARRETE A, 1990, REV MEX CIENC FARM, V21, P28 NAVARRETE A, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P1 OLIVERA AG, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P109 OVIEDOCHAVEZ I, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P436, DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.05.003 PEREZ R, 1993, INT J PHARMACOGN, V31, P185 SATOH M, 2001, CHEM PHARM BULL, V49, P18 SORIANOGARCIA M, 1987, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V43, P990 STERN WL, 1952, AM J BOT, V39, P220 WATSON WH, 1987, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V18, P89 YOUNG DA, 1976, SYST BOT, V1, P149 NR 22 TC 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology GA 010GJ UT ISI:000235175000004 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Lopez, V Aguirre-Crespo, F Salazar, L Estrada-Soto, S TI Identification of fatty acid esters and hydrocarbon derivatives from Cyrtocarpa procera Kunthby GC-MS SO NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cyrtocarpa procera; Mexican medicinal plants; Artemia salina; hydrocarbons; fatty acids ID PALMITIC ACID; PLANTS; PAIN AB Extracts obtained from Cyrtocarpa procera Kunth were evaluated to determine their toxicity on Artemia salina Leach. All the extracts showed a significant activity. Bioguided fractionation of these extracts led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol (1) and the identification of 1,3-propyl-dipentadecanoate (2), 3-hydroxypropyl-9-octadecenoate (3), pentadecylbenzene (4), eicosylbenzene (5), docosane (6), heptacosane (7), dotriacontane (8) and 2,6,10-trimethyltetradecane ( 9) by GC-MS. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. INAH Morelos, Jardin Bot Ctr, Cuernavaca 62440, Morelos, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Av Univ 1001,Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM samuelenoch@hotmail.com CR ALOE L, 1993, AGENTS ACTIONS, V39, C145 CALIGNANO A, 1998, NATURE, V394, P277 COLEGATE SM, 1993, BIOACTIVE NATURAL PR ESTRADA S, 2004, P C PHYT 2004 VVM CO GOODMAN A, 1996, BASES FARMACOLOGICAS HARADA H, 2002, ANTICANCER RES, V5, P2587 HASHEM FA, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P329 JAGGAR SI, 1998, PAIN, V76, P189 MAZZARI S, 1996, EUR J PHARMACOL, V300, P227 MCLAUGLIN JM, 1991, CROWN GALL TUMOURS P MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD RHO YS, 2001, B KOR CHEM SOC, V22, P587 RODRIGUEZLOPEZ V, 2003, FITOTERAPIA, V74, P725, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00187-4 SILVERSTEIN RM, 1991, SPECTROMETRIC IDENTI YFF BTS, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P101 NR 15 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6419 J9 NAT PROD RES JI Nat. Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal GA 006UM UT ISI:000234922900001 ER PT J AU Garcia, A Delgado, G TI Uncommon sesquiterpenoids and new triterpenoids from Jatropha neopauciflora (Euphorbiaceae) SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EXCITON CHIRALITY METHOD; C-13 NMR-SPECTRA; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CONSTITUENTS; ALCOHOLS; H-1 AB Eight new terpenoids (1-8) were isolated from the bark of Jatropha neopauciflora, together with eight known compounds. The new isolates include the sesquiterpenoids (1R,2R)-diacetoxycycloax-4(15)-ene (1); (1R,2R)-dihydroxycycloax-4(15)-ene (2), (2R)-delta-cadin-4-ene-2,10-diol (3), (2R)-delta-cadina-4,9-dien-2-ol (4), (1R,2R)-dihydroxyisodauc-4-en-14-ol (5) and its acetonide 6 (artifact), as well as the two triterpenoids (3 beta,16 beta)-16-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-yl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (7) and (3 beta,16 beta)-16-hydroxyolean-18-en-3-yl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (8). The structures of these compounds were established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were determined by circular-dichroism (CD) experiments, and by X-ray crystallographic analysis (compound 7; Fig. 3). A plausible biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoids 1-5 is proposed (Scheme), starting from (-)-germacrene D as the common biogenetic precursor. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Delgado, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Ciudad Univ,Circuito Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM delgado@servidor.unam.mx CR 1974, INT TABLES XRAY CRYS, V4 1993, ALDRICH LIB 13C 1H F, V3, A569 2004, DICT NATURAL PRODUCT *BRUK AXS INC, 2000, SMART 5 625 AUVINGUETTE C, 1999, TETRAHEDRON, V55, P11495 BRUYN A, 1992, CARBOHYD RES, V235, P303 BULOW N, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P141 CANALES M, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V97, P429, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.013 CHARIANDY CM, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P265 CHEN SL, 1974, J AM CHEM SOC, V96, P7352 FAIZI S, 2001, MAGN RESON CHEM, V39, P399 GUNTHER H, 1975, ORG MAGN RESONANCE, V7, P339 HARADA N, 1968, J AM CHEM SOC, V90, P7349 HARADA N, 1972, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V5, P257 HARADA N, 1975, J AM CHEM SOC, V97, P5345 HARADA N, 1981, J AM CHEM SOC, V103, P5590 KANLAYAVATTANAKUL M, 2003, HETEROCYCLES, V61, P183 MAHATO SB, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1517 MCLEAN S, 1994, MAGN RESON CHEM, V32, P422 PAUL C, 2001, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V58, P789 PETTIT GR, 1989, BIOSYNTHETIC PRODUCT, V6, P12 SEGER C, 1997, FRESEN J ANAL CHEM, V359, P42 SHELDRICK GM, 1997, SHELXTL97 INTEGRATED WENKERT E, 1978, ORG MAGN RESONANCE, V11, P337 YUEHHSIUNG K, 2003, CHEM PHARM BULL, V51, P986 NR 25 TC 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 BP 16 EP 29 PG 14 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA 007RU UT ISI:000234988100002 ER PT J AU Guerrero-Analco, JA Hersch-Martinez, P Pedraza-Chaverri, J Navarrete, A Mata, R TI Antihyperglycemic effect of constituents from Hintonia standleyana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Hintonia standleyana; Rubiaceae; 4-phenylcoumarins; cucurbitacins; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F; 5-0-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy3 ',4 '-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin; antihyperglycemic ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; EXOSTEMA-CARIBAEUM; PLANTS; LATIFLORA; 4-PHENYLCOUMARINS; METABOLITES; EXTRACT AB An extract (100 mg/kg) of the stem bark of Hintonia standleyana caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats when compared with vehicle-treated groups (p < 0.05). From the active extract, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (1), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3',4 -dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2) and 5-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3',4 -dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (3) were isolated. Coumarin 3 is a new natural product and was identified by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 3 did not decrease blood glucose levels in normal rats. However, in two different long-term subacute experiments, using animals with a developing diabetes condition and with STZ-induced diabetes, both compounds at daily doses of 10mg/kg (developing diabetes condition) or 30 mg/kg (STZ-induced diabetes condition) provoked a significant anti hyperglycemic activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compound 3 restored normal blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In all cases, the groups treated with the active principles and the extract showed less body weight lost than the glibenclamide-treated and diabetic control groups (p < 0.05). These results showed that the antihyperglycemic active principles of H. standleyana are both 4-phenylcoumarins and cucurbitacin glycosides. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Antropol & Hist, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Mata, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM rachel@servidor.unam.mx CR ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P185 AQUINO R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1827 BASTIEN M, 1961, THESIS U PARIS BULLOCK AA, 1935, HOOKERS ICONES PLANT, P1 BURKE JP, 2003, DIABETES CARE, V26, P1999 CHEVEZ LG, SERIE PATRIMONIO VIV, V5, P27 DIATEWA M, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V92, P229 KAISER H, 1955, ARCH PHARM, P535 KECSKEMETI V, 2002, CURR MED CHEM, V9, P53 KHUR R, 1953, LANDARZT, V29, P1 KOREC R, 2000, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V50, P122 LANDA E, 1913, NAAL I MED NACIONAL, V12, P146 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P85 MATA R, 1987, J NAT PROD, V50, P866 MATA R, 1988, J NAT PRODUCTS, V51, P851 MATA R, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P2037 MATA R, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P241 MATA R, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3199 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P55 PINTO A, 1997, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V47, P829 REGUERO MT, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P315 REHER G, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P172 SCHIMD P, 1951, BERICHT BEHANDLUNG P SHARMA SR, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V58, P39 SLIJEPCEVIC M, 1997, ACTA THERAP, V23, P47 SUBASHBABU P, 2004, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V56, P1435 TERRESJ, 1913, NAAL I MED NACIONAL, V12, P109 VERSPOHL EJ, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P581 VIRDI J, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00184-3 NR 30 TC 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD DEC PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1099 EP 1105 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 004DE UT ISI:000234731400002 ER PT J AU Molina-Salinas, GM Ramos-Guerra, MC Vargas-Villarreal, J Mata-Cardenas, BD Becerril-Montes, P Said-Fernandez, S TI Bactericidal activity of organic extracts from Flourensia cernua DC against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antituberculosis drugs; medicinal plants; drug-resistant M. tuberculosis; natural products; mycobactericidal activity; Flourensia cernua ID ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL NATURAL-PRODUCTS; PLANTS; ASSAY AB Background. Tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this species underscores the need for novel effective drugs against resistant mycobacteria as first-line antituberculosis medications. Methods. Crude aqueous (obtained by decoction, in accordance with the traditional mode of preparation), methanol, acetone, and hexane extracts from aerial parts of Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Marrubium vulgare L., Mentha spicata L., and Flourensia cernua DC were assessed for their ability to either inhibit the growth of or kill M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv and CIBIN:UMF:15:99, the former being sensitive to, and the latter resistant to, streptomycin, isoniazide, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. These five plant species are used in Mexico to treat respiratory disorders. Results. Flourensia cernua was the uniquely active plant among those evaluated. Its hexane and acetone extracts not only inhibited the growth of but killed M. tuberculosis. The hexane extract showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 and 25 mu g/mL against sensitive and resistant strains, respectively; the acetone extract was active against only CIBIN:UMF:15:99 (MIC = 100 mu g/mL). Conclusions. The hexane extract from E cernua leaves could be an important source of bactericidal compounds against multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis. (C) 2006 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Said-Fernandez, S, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Ave 2 de Abril & San Luis Potosi,Col Independenci, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. EM salvadorsaid@hotmail.com CR *CONABIO, 1995, AG DES SUST *WHO, 2004, GLOB TUB CONTR SURV ADAME J, 2000, PLANTAS CURATIVAS NO, P16 BASTIAN I, 2000, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V78, P238 CANTRELL CL, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P685 COLLINS LA, 1997, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V41, P1004 COPP BR, 2003, NAT PROD REP, V20, P535, DOI 10.1039/b212154a FABRICANT DS, 2001, ENVIRON HEALTH PE S1, V109, P69 FARNIA P, 2004, MICROBES INFECT, V6, P972, DOI 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.04.017 FARNSWORTH NR, 1985, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V63, P965 FERRARA MMG, 1998, PLANTAS MED NORESTE, P21 FRIISMOLLER A, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P416 JIMENEZARELLANES A, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P903, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1377 LAUX MT, 2003, REV LATINAM QUIM, V31, P111 MATA R, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V64, P2852 MCDONOUGH KA, 1993, INFECT IMMUN, V61, P4021 NEWTON SM, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P303 OKUNADE AL, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P1017, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.013 PATTERSON E, 1999, TUBERCULOSIS NONTUBE, P71 RASTOGI N, 1998, FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC, V20, P267 RATES SMK, 2001, TOXICON, V39, P603 RATTAN A, 1998, EMERG INFECT DIS, V4, P195 TELLEZ M, 2001, J CHEM ECOL, V27, P2263 VERPOORTE R, 2000, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V52, P253 NR 24 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0188-4409 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD JAN PY 2006 VL 37 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA 002KA UT ISI:000234609100007 ER PT J AU Peraza-Sanchez, SR Poot-Kantun, S Torres-Tapia, LW May-Pat, F Sima-Polanco, P Cedillo-Rivera, R TI Screening of native plants from Yucatan for anti-Giardia lamblia activity SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiprotozoal activity; Giardia lamblia; infectious diarrhea; Yucatecan medicinal plants ID TRIDAX-PROCUMBENS LINN; BYRSONIMA-CRASSIFOLIA; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; DERMATOPHYTIC INFECTIONS; DORSTENIA-CONTRAJERVA; PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS; AERIAL PARTS; GUATEMALA; EXTRACTS; MEXICO AB The in vitro activity of 10 methanol extracts prepared from native plants collected in the Yucatan Peninsula [Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Cupania dentata DC., Diphysa carthagenensis Jacq., Dorstenia contrajerva L., Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp., Justicia spicigera Schldl., Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass., Spigelia anthelmia L., Tridax procumbens L., and Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq] was evaluated against Giardia lamblia trophozoites. All the extracts showed activity against G. lamblia trophozoites. T. procumbens was most active, with an IC50 of 6.34 mu g/ml, followed by C dentata, 7.59 mu g/ml, D. carthagenensis, 11.53 mu g/ml, and B. crassifolia, 15.55 mu g/ml. C1 Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Unidad Interinst Invest Salud, Merida, Mexico. RP Peraza-Sanchez, SR, Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Calle 43 130, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. EM speraza@cicy.mx CR *SSA, 2002, SIST UN INF VIG EP AKBAR E, 2002, HETEROCYCLES, V57, P733 ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 ALI M, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P313 ALI MS, 2002, NAT PROD LETT, V16, P217, DOI 10.1080/10575630290020451 ARRIETA J, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P295 BABB RR, 1995, POSTGRAD MED, V98, P155 BEJAR E, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P141 BEJAR E, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P25 BERGER I, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P107 BERLIN EA, 1996, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG BHAKUNI DS, 1969, INDIAN J EXPTL BIOL, V7, P250 CACERES A, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P55 CACERES A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P263 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V40, P207 CACERES A, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P195 CACERES A, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P376 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P705 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, J MED MICROBIOL, V37, P221 CEDILLORIVERA R, 2001, MANUAL INFECT CLIN, P201 CEDILLORIVERA R, 2003, PARASITOL RES, V90, P119, DOI 10.1007/s00436-002-0807-0 COMMERFORD SC, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P327 GADRE A, 1988, INDIAN J NAT PROD, V4, P15 GADRE A, 1988, INDIAN J PHARM SCI, V38, P149 GARDNER TB, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P114 GEISS F, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V39, P635 GUPTA S, 1993, INT J PHARMACOGN, V31, P198 JONES JE, 1991, PRIMARY CARE, V18, P43 JUCKETT G, 1996, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V53, P2507 MARTINEZ M, 1987, CATALOGO NOMBRES VUL MARTINEZVAZQUEZ M, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P79 MCEVOY GK, 1997, AHFS DRUG INFORMATIO MORTON JF, 1981, ATLAS MED PLANTS MID ORELLANA SL, 1987, INDIAN MED HIGHLAND PATHAK AK, 1991, FITOTERAPIA, V62, P307 PONCEMACOTELA M, 1994, REV INVEST CLIN, V46, P343 PONCEMACOTELA M, 2001, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V44, P151 RAJU TS, 1994, CARBOHYD RES, V258, P243 RASTRELLI L, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V45, P647 ROYS RL, 1931, ETHNOBOTANY MAYA SARAF S, 1991, FITOTERAPIA, V62, P534 TADDEI A, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P235 TAYLOR RSL, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P97 TOVARMIRANDA R, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P1216 UPCROFT P, 2001, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V14, P150 VERMA RK, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P459 WALSH JA, 1989, TROPICAL GEOGRAPHIC, P1073 WARREN KS, 1988, BIOL PARASITISM, P3 WRIGHT JM, 2003, EXPERT OPIN DRUG SAF, V2, P529 YADAVA RN, 1998, J ASIAN NAT PROD RES, V1, P147 ZAMORAMARTINEZ MC, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P229 NR 54 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 997OK UT ISI:000234255100005 ER PT J AU Velasco-Lezama, R Tapia-Aguilar, R Roman-Ramos, R Vega-Avila, E Perez-Gutierrez, MS TI Effect of Plantago major on cell proliferation in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plantago major; hematopoiesis; cytotoxicity; antibacterial activity ID URSOLIC ACID; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; OLEANOLIC ACID; BONE-MARROW; GROWTH; CONSTITUENTS; DISORDERS; GUATEMALA; BAICALEIN; DISEASES AB Plantago major (Plantaginaceac) is popularly used to treat tumors, infections and as a blood purifier. Aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of the aerial parts (leaves and seeds) were added to CD1 mice bone marrow and spleen cultures incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 h, and also added to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans cultures, while methanol extract dilutions were added to HTC-15, OVCAR, UISO and KB cell line cultures. Doses of 0.4 and 0.2 mg/mL of aqueous and methanol extracts increased the bone marrow cell concentration by 2.70- and 3.15-fold, respectively, and increased the spleen cell concentration by 3.38- and 6.39-fold, respectively (p < 0.001). Aqueous extract inhibited Bacillus subtilis growth from 78 to 21%; hexane extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, and methanol and chloroform extracts weakly inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, respectively. Methanol extract (1 mu g/mL) decreased the UISO and OVCAR cell concentrations to 59 and 82%, respectively. Data demonstrate for the first time that Plantago major has hematopoietic activity in vitro. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Col Vicentina, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Auton Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Velasco-Lezama, R, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Col Vicentina, Av San Rafael Atlixco 186, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. 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Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 993KS UT ISI:000233953600003 ER PT J AU Velazquez, C Calzada, F Torres, J Gonzalez, F Ceballos, G TI Antisecretory activity of plants used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexican medicinal plants; aqueous extracts; methanolic extracts; antisecretory activity; cholera toxin ID CHLORIDE SECRETION; ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY; CHOLERA; CONSTITUENTS; LOPERAMIDE; INHIBITOR; DIARRHEA; THERAPY; BINDING; TRIAL AB Aqueous and methanolic extracts from 26 medicinal plants used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders were screened to evaluate their antisecretory activity on cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion in rat jejunal loops model. Extracts were tested at a dose of 300 mg/kg. From 56 samples tested, both extracts from Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, Hippocratea excelsa and Ocimum basilicum were the most potent with inhibition values ranging from 68.0 to 87.6%. On the other hand, the methanolic extract of Geranium mexicanum (aerial parts) and the aqueous extract of Bocconiafrutescens showed the highest activity with inhibition values of 93.4 and 86.0%, respectively. The results obtained in this study give some scientific support to the use of the Mexican medicinal plants employed for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Infectol & Immunol, Hosp Infectol, Mexico City 02990, DF, Mexico. Escuela Super Med, Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Velazquez, C, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P43 ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 AMSTRONG D, 1999, INFECT DIS, V1, CH35 BROWN JW, 1979, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V241, P501 CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P770 CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2003, EUR J PHARMACOL, V458, P257 CALZADA F, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V98, P191, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.019 CAMPOS R, 1991, INVESTIGACION CENTIF, P138 DUTTA NK, 1962, INDIAN J MED RES, V50, P732 FEDORAK RN, 1987, DIGEST DIS SCI, V32, P195 FISCHER H, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V93, P351, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.005 GABRIEL SE, 1999, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V276, G58 GUERRANT RL, 1985, MICROBIAL TOXINS DIA, P1 GURGEL LA, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V15, P319 HOR M, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P208 LARA F, 1996, PLANTAS MED MEXICO C, P57 MUTSCHLER E, 1995, DRUGS ACTIONS, P434 PEREZ M, 2000, REV MEXICANA CIENCIA, V31, P16 RABBANI GH, 1982, BRIT MED J, V284, P1361 RAUFMAN JP, 1998, AM J MED, V104, P386 ROGE J, 1993, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V28, P352 SACK R, 1982, INFECT IMMUN, V35, P417 SALAZARLINDO E, 2000, NEW ENGL J MED, V343, P463 TORREGOSA L, 1996, ENFERMEDADES DIARREI, P41 TORRES J, 1993, ARCH MED, V24, P7 TURVILL JL, 2000, DIGEST DIS SCI, V45, P946 NR 26 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 993KS UT ISI:000233953600007 ER PT J AU Rojas, G Aranda, E Navarro, V Zamilpa, A Tortoriello, J TI In vitro propagation of Galphimia glauca and content of the sedative compound galphimine-B in wild and micropropagated plants SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article AB An in vitro micropropagation protocol is described for Galphimia glauca Cav. (Malpighighiaceae). Multiple shoots were formed in vitro from axillary bud explants inoculated on NIS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KN) combinations. A maximum of 20 shoots was obtained from a single bud in a 60-day culture period. In vitro-grown shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to field conditions (90% survival). The sedative triterpenoid galphimine-B (1) content of micropropagated plants transferred to field conditions was similar to that of wild plants. Our results suggest that the in vitro propagation protocol described here will have positive effects on conservation of natural resources as well as on adequate techniques for multiplication of an important Mexican medicinal plant. C1 Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Lab Biotechnol, IMSS, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rojas, G, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Lab Biotechnol, IMSS, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM gabrb02@yahoo.com.mx CR DORSCH W, 1992, INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM, V97, P1 DOWDY S, 1983, STAT RES, P530 NADER BL, 2004, PLANTA MED, V70, P1174, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-835848 OSUNA L, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P149 OSUNA L, 2002, BIOTECH LETT, V24, P257 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P111 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P234 TORTORIELLO J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P398 TORTORIELLO J, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P309 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 NR 10 TC 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1076 EP 1078 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 993FU UT ISI:000233940800019 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Hernandez, JD Roman-Marin, LU Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, CM Joseph-Nathan, P TI Verticillane derivatives from Bursera suntui and Bursera kerberi SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID YEW TAXUS-CUSPIDATA; BICYCLIC TAXANE DITERPENOIDS; CHINENSIS VAR. MAIREI; EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS; JACKIELLA-JAVANICA; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CHINESE YEW; NEEDLES; CANADENSIS; TERPENOIDS AB The stems of Bursera suntui afforded two new verticillane derivatives, (1S,3Z,7E,11S,12S)-(+)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12,20-diol (1) and (1S,3Z,7E,11S,12S)-(+)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12,20-dio1 20-acetate (2), together with (1S,3E,7E,11-R)-(+)-verticilla-3,7,12(18)-triene (3), (1-R,3E,7E,11-R,12Z)-(+)-verticilla-3,7,12-triene (4), (1-R,7E,11Z)-(-)-verticilla-4(20),7,11-triene (5), and (1S,3E,7E,11S,12S)-(+)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12-ol (6). Compounds 3 and 4 are new enantiomericilly pure natural products whose racemic mixtures, derived from synthetic approaches toward the taxane skeleton, were obtained previously. The stems of Bursera kerberi afforded the new (1S,3E,7E,11S,12R)-(+)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12-ol (7) together with 3-5. This is the first time that verticillane derivatives have been isolated from the genus Bursera. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR data, including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, while the absolute configuration was determined by comparison of the optical rotatory dispersion data with that of recently revised (1S,3E, 7E, 1 1S, 12S)-(+)-verticilla-3,7-dien- 12-ol (6), obtained from Sciadopitys verticillata, and those of (1-R,3E,7E,11-R,12R)-(-)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12-o1 (8) and (1R,3E,7E,11R,12S)-(-)-verticilla-3,7-dien-12-ol (9), isolated from the liverwort Jackiella javanica. The conformational preferences of 1-7 were studied by molecular mechanics modeling employing the Monte Carlo protocol. C1 Univ Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Inst Invest Quim Biol, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Quim, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Hernandez-Hernandez, JD, Univ Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Inst Invest Quim Biol, Apartado 137, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. 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Nat. Prod. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1598 EP 1602 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 991BW UT ISI:000233788200004 ER PT J AU Contreras, C Roman, R Perez, C Alarcon, F Zavala, M Perez, S TI Hypoglycemic activity of a new carbohydrate isolated from the roots of psacalium peltatum SO CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ulopyranose; Psacalium peltatum; hypoglycemic effect; peltalosa ID MEXICAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS; MICE AB A new ulopyranose isolated from aqueous extract of roots and rhizomas of Psacalium peltatum has been determined to have hypoglycemic activity at doses of 100 mg/kg, comparable to that of tolbutamide and insulin in alloxan diabetic mice. The skeletal structure of the new compound was established by spectral analysis. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Mexico City 55534, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Perez, S, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Mexico City 55534, DF, Mexico. EM msperez@correo.xoc.uam.mx CR 1978, LAB CLIN PROCEDIMIEN, P238 1999, NOM062ZOO1999 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P207 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, PHYTOTHER RES, V16, P383 BEST CH, 1959, PHYSL BASIS MED PRAC, P668 CONTRERASWEBER C, 2002, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V45, P134 GREENE WT, 1991, PROTECTIVE GROUPS OR, P88 HERNANDEZGALICIA E, 2002, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V45, P118 RODRIGUEZ H, 1975, REV ACTA MED, V11, P33 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 SCHRINER RL, 1991, IDENTIFICACION SISTE, P275 ZIMMET P, 2001, NATURE, V414, P782 NR 14 TC 0 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN SN 0009-2363 J9 CHEM PHARM BULL TOKYO JI Chem. Pharm. Bull. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1408 EP 1410 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 985BH UT ISI:000233350600006 ER PT J AU Reyes, R Sanchez-Vazquez, ML Larios, HM Hernandez, AO Delgado, NM TI Calcium (hydrogen-1-malate) hexahydrate on Echevema gibbiflora leaves and its effect on sperm cells SO ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE agglutination; calcium crystals; hypotonic shock; malate; OBACE; spermatozoa ID HUMAN-SPERMATOZOA; OXALATE CRYSTALS; IN-VITRO; HEPARIN; MEMBRANE; FERTILIZATION; INTEGRITY; IONOPHORE; PROTEINS; ACROSOME AB Echeveria gibbiflora is a plant widely used for its contraceptive activity in traditional Mexican medicine. Data on calcium crystals in plants are not outstanding. In the case of the Echeveria gibbiflora leaves, however, its quality, quantity, and salt type are quite surprising; one striking result of its X-ray crystallographic data shows the presence of calcium bis (hydrogen-1-malate) hexahydrate [2(C4H5O51), Ca-1(2+), 6(H2O1)]. This highly soluble compound might explain the rapid shape changes of calcium crystals. Because SEM-EDS analysis shows that calcium malate crystals were obtained in a highly pure state and the immobilization and agglutination pattern that OBACE show on human and bull spermatozoa are not found even when high concentrations of calcium bis (hydrogen-1-malate) hexahydrate salt are present it is not feasible to involucrate molecules as calcium malate as part of the OBACE contraceptive activity. C1 IMSS, Hosp Gen Zona 5, Ctr Invest Biomed Oriente, Div Reprod Biol, Puebla 72330, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Tlaxcala, CIRA, Tlaxcala, Mexico. RP Reyes, R, IMSS, Hosp Gen Zona 5, Ctr Invest Biomed Oriente, Div Reprod Biol, 34 Norte 1816,Col Humboldt, Puebla 72330, Mexico. EM rreyesluna@hotmail.com CR AIZENBERG J, 1995, FASEB J, V9, P262 ALM H, 2001, THERIOGENOLOGY, V56, P817 BIDRI J, 2003, ANN PHARM FR, V61, P385 CHI HJ, 2004, FERTIL STERIL, V82, P475, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.038 DELGADO NM, 1982, ARCH ANDROLOGY, V8, P87 DELGADO NM, 1985, ARCH ANDROLOGY, V14, P193 DELGADO NM, 1998, ARCH ANDROLOGY, V40, P147 FRANCESCHI VR, 1980, BOT REV, V46, P361 GONZALEZANGULO A, 1971, INT J FERTIL, V16, P161 GROVER PK, 1998, EUR J BIOCHEM, V253, P637 HUACUJA L, 1985, ADV CONTRACEPT DELIV, V2, P229 JONES KH, 1985, J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM, V33, P77 KEATES SE, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V53, P433 KEYHANI E, 1973, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V305, P557 LENSTRA ATH, 1980, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B, V36, P156 MCKEE MD, 1995, J BONE MINER RES, V10, P1913 ORTEGAHERNANDEZ A, 2001, ADV REPROD, V5, P72 PANTOJA O, 2002, J MEMBRANE BIOL, V186, P31 REYES R, 2002, ARCH ANDROLOGY, V48, P209 REYES R, 2002, ARCH ANDROLOGY, V48, P443, DOI 10.1080/01485010290099327 SLIWA L, 2003, FOLIA MED CRACOW, V44, P145 TABOADA J, 1992, ADV CONTRACEPT DELIV, V8, P139 VELAZQUEZ A, 1986, LIFE SCI, V38, P991 NR 23 TC 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5016 J9 ARCH ANDROLOGY JI Arch. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 461 EP 469 PG 9 SC Andrology GA 977KN UT ISI:000232802800008 ER PT J AU Perez, S Meckes, M Perez, C Susunaga, A Zavala, MA TI Anti-inflammatory activity of Lippia dulcis SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Lippia dulcis; anti-inflammatory; medicinal plant AB Lippia dulcis hexane and ethanol extracts were tested for its anti-inflammatory activity in several animal models. Hexane extract showed to be inactive, but the ethanol extract at doses of 400 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and reduced the weight of cotton pellet-induced granuloma, moreover, the topical application of 0.5 mg/ear of this extract inhibited the edema induced with TPA by 49.13%, an effect which is of less intensity than that produced by indomethacine at the same dose. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Pediat Mexico City, CMN Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS Col Doctores, UIM Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Perez, S, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, AP 23-181, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM msperez@correo.xoc.uam.mx CR *AC NAC MED, 1999, GUIA CUID US AN LAB ALEXANDREMOREIRA MS, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P171 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P801 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 CARVALHO JCT, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P173 COMPADRE CM, 1985, SCIENCE, V227, P417 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1973, METODOS INVESTIGACIO FUSTENBERGER G, 1981, CANC LETT, V11, P191 KANEDA N, 1992, J NAT PRODUCTS, V55, P1136 OLAJIDE OA, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P179 PASCUAL ME, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P201 WINTER CA, 1957, J AM PHARM ASSOC SCI, V46, P515 WINTER CA, 1962, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V111, P544 YOUNG JM, 1989, PHARM METHODS CONTRO, P215 NR 14 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 976CG UT ISI:000232709800001 ER PT J AU Calzada, F TI Additional antiprotozoal constituents from Cuphea pinetorum, a plant used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cuphea pinetorum; flavonoids; kaempferol; antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia ID FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES; SOUTHERN MEXICO; PEOPLE AB In addition to kaempferol and quercetin already found in the roots from Cuphea pinetorum, bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of the aerial part of this species gave four flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, as well as squalen and beta-sitosterol. In vitro antiamoebic and antigiardial activities of isolated compounds indicated that kaempferol is the principal antiprotozoal agent in C pinetorum. Based on finding this antiprotozoal inhibitor, flavonoids were studied in order to elucidate structure-activity relationships. These data suggest that kaempferol may play an important role in antidiarrhoeal activity of C. pinetorum. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, 2o Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR *DNP, 1994, DICT NAT PROD, V1, P1145 *DNP, 1994, DICT NAT PROD, V5, P5227 BASHIR AK, 1994, INT J PHARMACOGN, V32, P366 BENNINI B, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P2483 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 DAY AJ, 1998, FEBS LETT, V436, P71 FINNEY DL, 1977, PROBIT ANAL KAPOOR K, 1999, INT J CLIN PHARM RES, V19, P83 LU F, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P263 MARKHAM KR, 1978, TETRAHEDRON, V34, P1389 MECKES M, 1995, PHYTOTHER RES, V9, P244 NR 12 TC 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 BP 725 EP 727 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 973MT UT ISI:000232527600015 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Crespo, F Castillo-Espana, P Villalobos-Molina, R Lopez-Guerrero, JJ Estrada-Soto, S TI Vasorelaxant effect of Mexican medicinal plants on isolated rat aorta SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brickellia cavanillesii; Iresine calea; Laelia autumnalis; Lepechinia caulescens; Mexican medicinal plants; Psyttacanthus calyculathus; rat aorta; vasorelaxation ID LEPECHINIA-CAULESCENS; NITRIC-OXIDE; ACIDS AB The vasorelaxant effect of methanol extracts (0.86-50 mu g/ml) of Iresine calea, Psyttacanthus calyculathus (DC.) G. Don, Laelia autumnalis (Lex.) Lindley, Brickellia cavanillesii (Cass.) Gray, and Lepechinia caulescens (Ortega) Epling, plant species used in Mexican folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension and related diseases, were evaluated in isolated rat aortic rings. The extracts of L. calea and P. calyculathus did not show a vasorelaxant activity on norepinephrine-evoked contraction (NE, 1 x 10(-7.5) M) in endothelium-intact (+E) and endothelium-denuded (-E) rat aorta rings. On the other hand, L. autumnalis and R cavanillesii induced a concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation on rat aorta. However, the methanol extract of L. caulescens produced a significant vasodilator effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. In order to determine the mode of the vasorelaxant action evoked by L. caulescens, the extract was evaluated in the presence of L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase at 1 x 10(-4) M) and indomethacin (inhibitor of cyclooxygenases at 1 x 10(-5) M). Relaxation was blocked by L-NAME, indicating the extract vasodilating properties are endothelium mediated due to liberation of nitric oxide. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Lab Farmacognosia & Quim Prod Nat L12, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados Sede Sur, Dept Farmacobiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Unidad Biomed, Tlalnepantla, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Lab Farmacognosia & Quim Prod Nat L12, Ave Univ 1001,Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM enoch@uaem.mx CR *INEGI SECR SAL, 2002, DIR GEN INF SAL, P2000 *ORG PAN SAL ORG M, 1995, CIE10 CLAS EST INT E AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P98 AKTAN F, 2001, LIFE SCI, V75, P639 BAILEY NTJ, 1995, STAT METHODS BIOL, P234 CASTILLO EP, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P26 DANIEL WW, 2002, BIOESTADISTICA BASE, P295 DELGADO G, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3159 DELGADO G, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1119 GERBER JS, 1991, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P784 IGNARRO LJ, 1992, BIOCHEM SOC T, V20, P465 MONCADA S, 1997, PHARMACOL REV, V49, P137 RODRIGUEZLOPEZ V, 2003, FITOTERAPIA, V74, P725, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00187-4 ROMANRAMOS R, 2001, PHARM BIOL, V39, P317 SARDANA S, 2003, J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM, V638, P41, DOI 10.1016/S0166-1280(03)00425-1 SOMOVA LI, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V84, P299 SOMOVA LO, 2003, PHYTOMEDICINE, V10, P115 TESTAI L, 2005, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V96, P93, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.024 VANHOUTTE PM, 2001, J CARDIOVASC PHARM, V38, P796 VILLALOBOSMOLINA R, 1996, EUR J PHARMACOL, V298, P257 ZENTENO R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V40, P651 NR 21 TC 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 540 EP 546 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 972UT UT ISI:000232479400011 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Andrade, RR Rodriguez-Lopez, V Garduno-Ramirez, ML Castillo-Espana, P Estrada-Soto, S TI Anti-diabetic effect on alloxanized and normoglycemic rats and some pharmacological evaluations of Tournefortia hartwegiana SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tournefortia hartwegiana; Boraginaceae; diabetes; alloxan diabetic rats ID INDUCED DIABETIC-RATS; PLANTS; EXTRACT; ROOTS AB The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the pharmacological properties of Tournefortia hartwegiana Steud (Boraginaceae), used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhea and kidney pain in Morelos, Mexico. Administration of methanol extract from aerial parts of Tournefortia hartwegiana (3 10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 10 days, to normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, significantly lowered their blood glucose levels (37 and 36%, respectively, p < 0.05). The anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic activities due to the MeOH extract were similar to those produced by metformin at 120 mg/kg (positive control, p < 0.05). In contrast, the hexane, dichloromethane and MeOH extracts from the same species showed no significant spasmolytic effect and did not have activity in antibacterial and Artemia salina toxicity bioassays. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Estrada-Soto, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Ave Univ 1001,Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM enoch@uaem.mx CR *INEGI SECR SAL, 2002, PROYECC POBL MEX, P2000 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 ATTELE AS, 2002, DIABETES, V51, P1851 BECK JJ, 2002, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V11, P1079 DANIEL WW, 2002, BIOESTADISTICA BASE, P295 DAVIS SN, 1996, GOODMAN GILMANS BASE, V2, P1581 ESTRADA S, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P109 GARDUNORAMIREZ ML, 2003, REV SOC QUIM MEX, V47, P160 HAWLEY SA, 2002, DIABETES, V51, P2420 HERNANDEZGALICIA E, 2002, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V45, P118 KAMESWARA RB, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P103 LIN YL, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P745 MAROO J, 2003, PHARM BIOL, V41, P388 MCLAUGHLIN JM, 1991, ASSAYS BIOACTIVITY, P2 MISTCHER AL, 1972, LLOYDIA, V35, P157 MODAK B, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P814 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P260 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 SAMUELSSON G, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, P261 SMITH LH, 1999, FISIOPATOLOGIA PRINC, P1549 STANELY P, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P9 VENKATESH S, 2003, PHARM BIOL, V41, P347 VERSPOHL EJ, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P581 VILLASENOR IM, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V92, P53, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.017 WIEDENFELD H, 2002, J NAT TOXINS, V11, P187 NR 27 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT 3 PY 2005 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 970LR UT ISI:000232312200005 ER PT J AU Rivero-Cruz, I Acevedo, L Guerrero, JA Martinez, S Bye, R Pereda-Miranda, R Franzblau, S Timmermann, BN Mata, R TI Antimycobacterial agents from selected Mexican medicinal plants SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPTERYGIUM-ADSTRINGENS; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; STEM BARK AB As part of the ICBG program Bioactive Agents from Dryland Biodiversity of Latin America, the present investigation was undertaken to explore the possible anti mycobacterial potential of compounds derived from selected Mexican medicinal plants. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts of Rumex hymenosepalus (Polygonaceae), Larrea divaricata (Zygophyllaceae), Phoradendron robinsonii (Loranthaceae) and Amphipteryngium adstringens (Julianiaceae) led to the isolation of several antimycobacterial compounds. Four stilbenoids, two flavan-3-ols and three anthraquinones were isolated from R. hymenosepalus. Two flavonols and nordihydroguaiaretic acid were obtained from L. divaricata. Sakuranetin was the antimycobacterial agent isolated from P. robinsonii. Two known triterpenoids and the novel natural product 3-dodecyl-1,8-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid were obtained from A. adstringens. In general, the isolates were identified by spectral means. The antimycobacterial activity of the secondary compounds isolated from the analysed species, as well as that of nine pure compounds previously isolated in our laboratories, was investigated; the MIC values ranged from 16 to 128 mu g mL(-1). Among the tested compounds, the glycolipids, sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids showed the best antimycobacterial activity. The antimycobacterial property of the glycolipids is reported for the first time. Although the tested compounds showed moderate anti mycobacterial activity, their presence in the analysed species provides the rationale for their traditional use in the treatment of tuberculosis. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Coll Pharm, Inst TB Res, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mata, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico. EM rachel@servidor.unam.mx CR ARICHI H, 1982, CHEM PHARM BULL, V30, P1766 ARRIETA J, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P905 AYRES DC, 1990, LIGNANS CHEM BIOL CL, P17 BAH M, 1996, TETRAHEDRON, V52, P13063 CALZADA F, 2000, THESIS U NACL AUTONO CANTRELL CL, 1996, J NAT PROD, V59, P1131 CANTRELL CL, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P1181 CANTRELL CL, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P685 CASTANEDA P, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P1025 CHEN HF, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P183 COLLINS LA, 1997, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V41, P1004 COPP BR, 2003, NAT PROD REP, V20, P535, DOI 10.1039/b212154a DOMINGUEZ SX, 1993, REV LAT QUIM, V14, P99 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1991, REV LAT QUIM, V22, P45 DOSAJI SF, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P311 LIN JK, 2001, DRUG FUTURE, V26, P145 MATA R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P147 MATA R, 2001, J NAT PROD, V64, P911 MATA R, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1030 MATA R, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V64, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00217-6 NAVARRETE A, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P579 NAVARRETE A, 1990, REV MEX CIENC FARM, V21, P28 NAVARRETE A, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P1 NEWTON SM, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P303 NYEMBA AM, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V39, P895 OKUNADE AL, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P1017, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.013 OLESZEK W, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P747 OLIVERA G, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P109 OVIEDO PJ, 2004, MENOPAUSE, V11, P430, DOI 10.1097/01.GME.0000111544.61545.48 RADA K, 1972, CESK FARM, V21, P302 ROJAS S, 2003, J NAT PROD, V66, P221, DOI 10.1021/np020346i SAKAKIBARA M, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P849 SAKAKIBARA M, 1976, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V15, P727 SAKAKIBARA M, 1977, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V16, P1113 TIMMERMANN BN, 1999, PHARM BIOL S, V37, P35 NR 35 TC 4 PU ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOC GREAT BRITAIN PI LONDON PA 1 LAMBETH HIGH ST, LONDON SE1 7JN, ENGLAND SN 0022-3573 J9 J PHARM PHARMACOL JI J. Pharm. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1117 EP 1126 PG 10 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 968OR UT ISI:000232172300007 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Cortazar, M Tortoriello, J Alvarez, L TI Norsecofriedelanes as spasmolytics, advances of structure-activity relationships SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Galphimia glauca; spasmolytic; norsecofriedelanes; galphimines; structure-activity relationship ID TEGMENTAL AREA NEURONS; GALPHIMIA-GLAUCA; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ISOMERIZATION AB Galphimia glauca has been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of nervous excitement and other central nervous system disorders. Previous work has demonstrated the sedative, spasmolytic and anticonvulsant activities of an extract obtained from the aerial parts of this plant. A norsecotriterpene named galphimine B was found to be responsible for the sedative and spasmolytic activities. Activity-guided fractionation making use of the guinea pig ileum as an experimental system was used for the isolation of five compounds. They were identified as a new norsecotriterpene, galphimine J (2) and four known norsecotriterpenes (1, 3-5). Nine derivatives of 3 (5, 6 and 8-14) were obtained by chemical modification of the alpha,beta-unsaturated lactone, the olefinic bonds on the A and E rings, the hydroxy groups on ring B, or a combination thereof, and a structure-activity correlation study was carried out. The results indicate the existence of a clear structure-activity relationship. They suggest the involvement of the double bond in the E-ring as well as the hydroxy groups at C-4, C-6 and C-7 in biological activity and emphasize the relevance of a free OH group at C-6 and C-4. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Alvarez, L, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Av Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM lalvarez@intermor.net.mx CR CAMACHO MD, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1457, DOI 10.1021/np010419i CARDOSTAKEA AT, 2004, J NAT PRODUCTS, V67, P644 ESTRADA E, 1985, JARDIN BOTANICO PLAN, P15 KROPP PJ, 1967, J AM CHEM SOC, V89, P5199 LINARES E, 1998, SELECCION PLANTAS ME NESZMELYI A, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P164 PRIETOGOMEZ B, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P38 SNYDER JJ, 1981, J ORG CHEM, V46, P3609 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P234 TORTORIELLO J, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P398 TORTORIELLO J, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P157 TORTORIELLO J, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P309 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 NR 13 TC 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 964FA UT ISI:000231863000005 ER PT J AU Andrade-Cetto, A Martinez-Zurita, E Wiedenfeld, H TI Hypoglycernic effect of Malmea depressa root on streptozotocin diabetic rats SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malmea depressa; hypoglycemic effect; streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; Mexican plants ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS AB The hypoglycemic effects of water, ethanolic and butanolic extracts prepared from the root of Malmea depressa (Baill) R.E. Fries. (Annonaceae) were studied in diabetic rats (streptozotocin induced). Oral application of water extracts at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, ethanolic (112 mg/kg) and butanolic (80 mg/kg) extracts significantly lowered the plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats within three hours. Glibenclamide and metformin were used as references and showed similar hypoglycemic effects like the extracts. The three extracts have a similar chemical composition (HPLC analysis). (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Bonn, Inst Pharmaceut, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Andrade-Cetto, A, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM aac@hp.fciencias.unam.mx CR *IACUC, 1999, GUID SEL TECHN RAT M, P6 ANDRADECETTO A, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P145 ANDRADECETTO A, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V90, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.049 ANDRADECETTO AA, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P129 ANKLI A, 2000, THESIS ETH ZIIRICH, P289 ANKLI A, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P43 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P611 GUTIERREZLUGO MT, 1996, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P341 HOLMSTED B, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V1, P7 STANDLEY P, 1946, FIELDIANA BOT, V24, P270 NR 10 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP 14 PY 2005 VL 100 IS 3 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 963XN UT ISI:000231839900016 ER PT J AU Hernandez, T Canales, M Caballero, J Duran, A Lira, R TI Quantitative analysis of traditional knowledge about plants used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases among the inhabitants of Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla, Mexico SO INTERCIENCIA LA Spanish DT Article ID TEHUACAN-CUICATLAN VALLEY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ETHNOBOTANY AB The distribution of traditional knowledge about plants used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases among the inhabitants of Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla, Mexico, was evaluated. The study was performed using ethnobotanical methods applied to 119 representative persons of the community. A total of 44 species were recorded as used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The species with highest values of relative importance, most frequently mentioned in the interviews, were "Oregano" (Lippia graveolens Knuth), "Cinco Negritos Blanco" (Lantana achyranthifolia Desf), "Itamo Real" (Turnera diffusa Willd), "Salve Real" (Lippia oaxacana Rob. & Greemn.), "Zempoalxochitl Chiquito" (Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greemn.) Rydb), "Barredor" (Cordia curassavica (Jacq) Roem. & Schul.), "Cinco Negritos Rojo" (Lantana camara L), and "Hierba del Pastor" (Acalypha hederacea Torrey). Variation was found regarding the access to traditional knowledge, clearly related to the different roles the informants play in the community. The general pattern in the traditional knowledge distribution among the people was random, which suggests that there is a good communication regarding medicinal plants among the people of Zapotitlan Salinas. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. UNAM, Lab Fitoquim, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Iztacala, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hernandez, T, Av Barrios No 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo Mexico, Mexico. EM tzasna@servidor.unam.mx CR *INEGI, 2000, PUEBL RES DEF BUL BA BERNARD HR, 1994, RES METHODS ANTHR QU, P203 BOSTER JS, 1986, EXPLORATIONS COGNITI, P177 CASAS A, 1995, 4 CURSO DESERTIFICAC, P37 CASAS A, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P279 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 DAVILA P, 1990, B SOC BOT MEX, V50, P135 DAVILA P, 2002, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V11, P421 FRIEDMAN J, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V16, P275 GARCIA E, 1988, DIVERSIDAD CLIMATICA, P16 GARRO LC, 1986, AM ANTHROPOL, V88, P351 HEINRICH M, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V47, P1859 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 LINARES D, 1999, PLANTOS MED MEXICO U LIRA R, 2001, RECURSOS VEGETALES V MACNEISH RS, 1967, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, V1, P290 MIRANDA F, 1948, ANAL I BIOL MEXICO, V19, P333 MOERMAN DE, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P1 MOERMAN DE, 1999, J ETHNOBIOL, V19, P49 PAREDES FM, 2001, THESIS UNAM MEXICO RAMIREZ HA, 1996, THESIS UNAM MEXICO ROHLF FJ, 1997, NTSYS NUMERICAL TAXO RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO SMITH CE, 1965, FIELDIANA BOT, V31, P105 SMITH CE, 1967, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, V1, P220 STEPP JR, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V75, P19 WELLER SC, 1988, SYSTEMATIC DATA COLL NR 27 TC 1 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD SEP PY 2005 VL 30 IS 9 BP 529 EP + PG 8 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences GA 965SE UT ISI:000231969800003 ER PT J AU Zuniga, B Malda, G Suzan, H TI Planta-nodriza interactions in Lophophora diffusa (Cactaceae) in a subtropial desert in Mexico SO BIOTROPICA LA Spanish DT Article DE association; Celtis pallida; Larrea tridentata; Lophophora diffusa; microenvironmental conditions; nurse plant; spatial distribution ID SONORAN DESERT; NURSE PLANTS; COUNT DATA; CACTI; ASSOCIATION; OPUNTIA AB One of the two species from the genus Lophophora is the false peyote Lophophora diffusa, an endemic cactus species of the xerophytic shrubland at Queretaro, Mexico, considered threatened from illegal extraction due to its hallucinogenic and medicinal properties. We analyzed the spatial distribution of L. diffusa and its association with the locally dominant shrub species with the system SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance InclicEs). We also Studied the principal microclimatic factors (light, temperature, and humidity) beneath the canopy of the possible nurse plant species. The use of SADIE is a new approach to study the mechanisms of spatial distribution. Lophophora diffusa and the shrub species presented an aggregated distribution with patches and gaps, as indicated by the values of I-a = 4.179 for L. diffusa and I-a = 1.660 for the vegetation. Lophophora diffusa was positively associated with the arboreal vegetation, particularly with Larrea tridentata and Acacia sororia, but was negatively associated with Celtis pallida and Myrtillocactus geometrizans. Microclimate evaluation indicated that C pallida canopy significantly reduced radiation and temperature compared to the other species (L. tridentata, A.sororia y P laevigata). We had expected L. diffusa to exhibit a positive spatial association with C pallida; however, the reduction in light availability apparently limited seedling establishment of L. diffusa. C1 Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Escuela Biol, Cerro Campanas Sin Numero, Ctr Univ, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Zuniga, B, Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Escuela Biol, Cerro Campanas Sin Numero, Ctr Univ, Queretaro, Mexico. CR 2002, NOM059ECOL2001 *SADIE, 2002, SPAT AN DIST IND *SAS I INC, 1995, JMP STAT DISC SOFTW ALTESOR A, 1992, ACTA OECOL, V13, P777 BRAVOHOLLIS E, 1991, CACTACEAS MEXICO, V3 CALLAWAY RM, 1995, BOT REV, V61, P306 CARRILLOGARCIA GA, 1999, RESTORATION ECOLOGY, V4, P321 CASTELLANOS AE, 1999, ANN BOT-LONDON, V84, P145 CODY ML, 1993, J ARID ENVIRON, V24, P139 COX GW, 1980, LAB MANUAL GEN ECOLO DEVIANA ML, 2001, PLANT ECOL, V156, P193 FRANCO AC, 1989, J ECOL, V77, P870 HACKER S, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1966 MANDUJANO MC, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P344 MANDUJANO MC, 2002, SW NATURALIST, V131, P459 MCAULIFFE JR, 1984, OECOLOGIA, V65, P82 MCAULIFFE JR, 1990, J VEG SCI, V1, P653 MCAULIFFE JR, 1999, ECOLOGY SONORAN DESE, P178 NOBEL PS, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P1 NOBEL PS, 1986, EC PLANT FORM FUNCTI, P83 NOBEL PS, 1988, ENV BIOL AGAVES CACT PERRY JN, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1008 PERRY JN, 1999, ECOL LETT, V2, P106 PERRY JN, 2002, ECOSCIENCE, V9, P133 RODRIGUEZ OE, 2000, CACTACEAS SUCULENTAS, V45, P4 SILVERTOWN J, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P409 SUZAN H, 1994, CONSERV BIOL, V8, P461 SUZAN H, 1996, J VEG SCI, V7, P635 TEWKSBURY JJ, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P98 VALIENTEBANUET A, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P961 YEATON RI, 1978, J ECOL, V66, P651 ZAMUDIO S, 1992, VEGETACION ESTADO QU NR 32 TC 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 SC Ecology GA 956MR UT ISI:000231304500005 ER PT J AU Alanis, AD Calzada, F Cervantes, JA Torres, J Ceballos, GM TI Antibacterial properties of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; methanolic extracts; antibacterial properties AB Antibacterial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of 26 medicinal plants used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders were tested against eight different species of enteropathogens: two Escherichia coli species; two Shigella sonnei species; two Shigella flexneri species; and two Salmonella sp. species. The results showed that all crude extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, at least against one of the microorganisms tested, at concentrations of 8 mg/mL or lower. The extracts from Caesalpinia pulcherria, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, Cocos nucifera, Geranium mexicanum (aerial parts and roots), Hippocratea excelsa, and Punica granatum possessed strong antibacterial activity against most of the pathogens tested. In general, methanolic extracts were more active than aqueous extracts. Their activity was higher than chloramphenicol but did not exceed that of trimethoprim. Shigella sonnei species showed the highest susceptibility to both extracts. This is the first evaluation of these plants against bacterial pathogen isolates, which cause diarrhea and dysentery in Mexican population. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Posgrad, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, 2 Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM fercalber1@hotmail.com CR *SS, 2003, MAN VIG EP *WHO SCI WORK GROU, 1996, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V71, P335 *WHO, 1998, WORLD HLTH REP, P39 *WHO, 2002, ESTRATEGIA OMS MED T, V1, P57 AGUILAR A, 1994, INFORMACION ETNOBOTA CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 LENNETTE EH, 1985, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO, P463 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 TORRES J, 1995, ARCH MED RES, V26, P23 NR 10 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 955FW UT ISI:000231211900031 ER PT J AU Romero-Jimenez, M Campos-Sanchez, J Analla, M Munoz-Serrano, A Alonso-Moraga, A TI Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of some traditional medicinal herbs SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Drosophila; SMART assay; genotoxicity; hydrogen peroxide; herbal infusion ID WING SOMATIC MUTATION; UNCARIA-TOMENTOSA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; RECOMBINATION TEST; ESSENTIAL OILS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS EXTRACT; PLANT-EXTRACTS AB Six herbal infusions used worldwide (Matricaria chamomilla, Tilia cordata, Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Uncaria tomentosa and Valeriana officinalis) were assayed for anti-genotoxicity using the Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. All these infusions are traditionally used for various medical purposes, including anti-inflammatory processes. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidative genotoxicant to test the anti-genotoxic potency of the medicinal infusions. None of these infusions showed a significant genotoxicity, quite the reverse they were able to behave as desmutagens, detoxifying the mutagen hydrogen peroxide. The phenolic content of such herbal infusions is argued to be the possible scavenger of reactive oxygen radicals produced by the hydrogen peroxide. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. Abdelmalek Essaadi, Dept Biol, Tetouan 93002, Mexico. RP Alonso-Moraga, A, Univ Cordoba, Dept Genet, Campus Univ Rabanales,Edificio Gregor Mendel,C-5, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM gelalmoa@uco.es CR ABRAHAM SK, 1994, MUTAGENESIS, V9, P383 ALLEN RG, 2000, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V28, P463 ANTON R, 1986, ADV MED PHYTOCHEMIST, P13 AQUINO R, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P453 BAST A, 2002, ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR, V12, P195 BOUNTHANH C, 1981, PLANTA MED, V41, P21 BROWN JP, 1980, MUTAT RES, V75, P243 BURCHAM PC, 1998, MUTAGENESIS, V13, P287 BURCHAM PC, 1999, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V443, P11 CAI YZ, 2004, LIFE SCI, V74, P2157, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047 CERDA S, 1997, MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT, V386, P141 CERRI R, 1988, J NAT PRODUCTS, V51, P257 DESMARCHELIER C, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P254 DU MQ, 1994, MOL CARCINOGEN, V11, P170 DUKE JA, 1992, HDB PHYSTOCHEMICAL C ELHAMSS R, 1999, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V446, P135 FEIG DI, 1994, CANC RES S, V54, P1890 FITZPATRICK FA, 2001, INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL, V1, P1651 FRANZIOS G, 1997, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V45, P2690 FREI H, 1988, MUTAT RES, V203, P297 FREI H, 1992, MUTAT RES, V279, P21 FREI H, 1995, MUTAT RES-ENVIR MUTA, V334, P247 GHOSH R, 1999, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V27, P3213 GORDON WP, 1987, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V15, P589 GRAF U, 1984, ENVIRON MUTAGEN, V6, P153 GRAF U, 1992, MUTAT RES, V271, P59 GRAF U, 1994, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V32, P423 GRAF U, 1998, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V402, P203 GRASSMANN J, 2002, PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH, V40, P471 HARBORNE JB, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P481 HERNANDEZCERUELOS A, 2002, TOXICOL LETT, V135, P103 HIRONO I, 1981, CANCER LETT, V13, P15 HU JJ, 1995, MUTAT RES-DNA REPAIR, V336, P193 HUILIAN W, 2003, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V188, P36 KARPOUHTSIS I, 1998, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V46, P1111 KEPLINGER K, 1982, 8201130, WO, APPL KIFFE M, 2003, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V537, P151, DOI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00079-2 KRUK I, 1998, ENV TOXICOLOGY CHEM LAZUTKA JR, 2001, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V39, P485 LINDSLEY DL, 1992, GENOME DROSPHILA MEL LOPEZ A, 2002, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V514, P87 MILIAUSKAS G, 2004, FOOD CHEM, V85, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.007 MORSE MA, 1993, CARCINOGENESIS, V14, P1737 NEWTON SM, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P57 OSABA L, 2002, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V518, P95 PAOLINI M, 2003, MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT, V543, P181, DOI 10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00092-3 REKKA EA, 1996, RES COMMUN MOL PATH, V92, P361 RIVA L, 2001, ANTICANCER RES, V21, P2457 RIZZI R, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P63 RUBERTO G, 2000, FOOD CHEM, V69, P167 SHENG Y, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P137 SHENG YZ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P115 STERBOVA D, 2004, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V513, P435, DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.031 SUZUKI S, 1991, JPN J CANCER RES, V82, P1061 TROUILLAS P, 2003, FOOD CHEM, V80, P399 UEDA JI, 1996, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V333, P377 YILDIRIM A, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P530 ZHOU SF, 2004, LIFE SCI, V74, P935, DOI 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00966-4 ZIMMERING S, 1990, MUTAT RES, V245, P47 NR 59 TC 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOXICOL E M JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 585 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 951SV UT ISI:000230952100017 ER PT J AU Arroyo-Figueroa, G Sucar, LE TI Temporal bayesian network of events for diagnosis and prediction in dynamic domains SO APPLIED INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE bayesian networks; temporal uncertainty; diagnosis; prediction; industrial applications ID TIME AB In some domains like industry, medicine, communications, speech recognition, planning, tutoring systems, and forecasting; the timing of observations (symptoms, measures, test, events, as well as faults) play a major role in diagnosis and prediction. This paper introduces a new formalism to deal with uncertainty and time using Bayesian networks called Temporal Bayesian Network of Events (TBNE). In a TBNE each node represents an event or state change of a variable, and an arc corresponds to a causal-temporal relationship. A temporal node represents the time that a variable changes state, including an option of no-change. The temporal intervals can differ in number and size for each temporal node, so this allows multiple granularity. Our approach is contrasted with a Dynamic Bayesian network for a simple medical example. An empirical evaluation is presented for a subsystem of a thermal power plant, in which this approach is used for fault diagnosis and event prediction with good results. The TBNE model can be used for the diagnosis of a cascade of anomalies arising with certain delays; this situation is typical in the diagnosis of medical and industrial processes. C1 Inst Invest Elect, Cuernavaca 62490, Morelos, Mexico. ITESM, Temixco 62589, Morelos, Mexico. RP Arroyo-Figueroa, G, Inst Invest Elect, Av Reforma 113,Col Palmira, Cuernavaca 62490, Morelos, Mexico. EM garroyo@iie.org.mx esucar@itesm.mx CR ALIFERIS CF, 1996, UAI, P28 ALLEN JF, 1983, COMMUN ACM, V26, P832 ARROYOFIGUEROA G, 1999, UNCERTAINTY ARTIFICI, P13 ARROYOFIGUEROA G, 2000, EXPERT SYST APPL, V18, P75 ARROYOFIGUEROA G, 2001, COMPUTACION SISTEMAS, V5, P109 GALAN SF, 2002, INT J APPROX REASON, V30, P181 HANKS S, 1995, UAI 95, P245 HORVITZ E, 1997, UNCERTAINTY ARTIFICI, P250 KANAZAWA K, 1991, P 10 NAT C ART INT A, P360 KJAERULFF U, 1992, UAI 92, P121 LAMPERTI G, 2002, ARTIF INTELL, V137, P91 MURPHY K, 2002, THESIS UC BERKELEY NICHOLSON AE, 1994, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V24, P1593 PEARL J, 2000, CAUSALITY MODELS REA SANTOS E, 1996, AFITENTR96006 SANTOS E, 1996, J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN, V8, P75 NR 16 TC 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-669X J9 APPL INTELL JI Appl. Intell. PD OCT PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 SC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence GA 952QR UT ISI:000231021100002 ER PT J AU Dominguez, M Nieto, A Marin, JC Keck, AS Jeffery, E Cespedes, CL TI Antioxidant activities of extracts from Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Asteraceae) and Penstemon gentianoides (Scrophularlaceae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE flavonolds; phenols; antioxiclant activity; Barkleyanthus; Asteraceae; Penstemon; Scrophulariaceae ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ASSAY; MECHANISM; PRODUCTS; VARIETY AB Various extracts of the aerial parts of Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Asteraceae) and Penstemon gentianoides (Scrophulariaceae) have been used in folk medicine to treat many ailments, particularly inflammation and migraine. Neither the bioactive components responsible nor the mechanisms involved have been evaluated. Here are reported antioxidant activities of their methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts. Samples were evaluated for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and inhibition of the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), a measure of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with total polyphenol content. The most active extracts from P. gentianoides in scavenging DPPH radicals and inhibiting TBARS formation were the methanol extract (A) and a further ethyl acetate extract of this (E). Partition E was further divided into eight fractions, and both E and the fractions were compared for activity against butylated hydroxytoluene, quercetin, and tocopherol. Partition E and the most active fractions, 5 and 6, were found to have I-50 values of 14.1, 38.6, and 41.8 ppm, respectively, against DPPH and 18.5, 26.0, and 12.7 ppm, respectively, against TBARS formation. Consistent with this finding, partition E and fractions 4-6 had the greatest ORAC and FRAP values. These results show that these plants could be useful antioxidant sources. C1 Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cespedes, CL, Inst Quim, Chem Ecol Lab 2-C,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM ejeffery@uiuc.edu ccespede@servidor.unam.mx CR ARUOMA OI, 2003, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V523, P9, DOI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00317-2 BENZIE IFF, 1999, METHOD ENZYMOL, V299, P15 BORS W, 1992, MOD METHOD PLANT, V13, P277 CAO GH, 1999, METHOD ENZYMOL, V299, P50 CESPEDES CL, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P4243 CESPEDES CL, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P2283 CESPEDES CL, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P2923, DOI 10.1021/jf025927s CHANDRA S, 2004, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V52, P3583, DOI 10.1021/jf0352632 CHANG ST, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P3420 CHEUNG LM, 2005, FOOD CHEM, V89, P403, DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.049 CUENDET M, 1997, HELV CHIM ACTA, V80, P1144 DIPLOCK AT, 1998, BRIT J NUTR S1, V80, S77 ESTERBAUER H, 1990, METHOD ENZYMOL, V186, P407 FERNANDES E, 2004, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V37, P1985 GONCALVES C, 2005, IN PRESS PHYTOCHEMIS, V66 HALLIWELL B, 1990, METHOD ENZYMOL, V186, P1 HALLIWELL B, 1991, FEBS LETT, V281, P9 KO FN, 1998, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V25, P160 KURILICH AC, 2002, J NUTR FUNCT MED FOO, V4, P5 KUTI JO, 2004, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V52, P117, DOI 10.1021/jf030246y LO KM, 2005, FOOD CHEM, P533 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MAKRIS DP, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P3370 NG TB, 2000, LIFE SCI, V66, P709 OHKAWA H, 1979, ANAL BIOCHEM, V95, P351 OU BX, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P4619, DOI 10.1021/jf010586o POKORNY J, 1988, NAHRUNG, V32, P343 PRIOR RL, 1998, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V46, P2686 RICEEVANS C, 2000, FREE RADICAL RES, V33, P559 RICEEVANS CA, 1995, FREE RADICAL RES, V22, P375 RICEEVANS CA, 1997, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V2, P152 ROBERTS WG, 2003, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V57, P1303, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601692 ROSSATO JI, 2002, NEUROCHEM RES, V27, P297 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO SCHINELLA GR, 2002, LIFE SCI, V70, P1023 SILVA BA, 2005, FOOD CHEM, P157 SINGLETON VL, 1965, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V16, P144 SINGLETON VL, 1999, METHOD ENZYMOL, V299, P152 STEWART KE, 2004, PHYTOCHEMICALS MECH, P107 TARUSCIO TG, 2004, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V52, P3169, DOI 10.1021/jf0307595 VEGLIOGLU YS, 1998, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V46, P4113 VILLASENOR JL, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P1066 WANG SY, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P140 NR 43 TC 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 15 BP 5889 EP 5895 PG 7 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology GA 948FW UT ISI:000230702400010 ER PT J AU Hersch-Martinez, P Leanos-Miranda, BE Solorzano-Santos, F TI Antibacterial effects of commercial essential oils over locally prevalent pathogenic strains in Mexico SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE essential oils; antibacterial activity; pathogenic strains; antibiotic resistance AB Locally prevalent pathogenic bacteria 189 Gram (-) and 135 Gram (+) strains, all isolated from pediatric patients severely infected, were tested in vitro against 11 essential oils from commercial origin. All the strains showed resistance to selected antibiotics. Cinnamomum verum, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris exhibited the highest and broadest antibacterial activity. Emphasis is made in the potential implications of these resources, uncommon at the clinical setting of the study, employed against non-commercial, locally pathogenic strains, being a step to submit in the ensuing period essential oils from plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Inst Nacl Antropol & Historia, Proyecto Actores Sociales Flora Med Mexico, Cuernavaca 62440, Morelos, Mexico. Pediat Hosp, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Bacteriol Lab, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Pediat Hosp, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Dept Infectol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Hersch-Martinez, P, Inst Nacl Antropol & Historia, Proyecto Actores Sociales Flora Med Mexico, Matamoros 14, Cuernavaca 62440, Morelos, Mexico. EM leon@dunsun.cti.uaem.mx CR 1972, PHARMACOPEE FRANCAIS *NCCLS, 1991, M100S3 NAT COMM CLIN CADEAC M, 1880, ANN I PASTEUR, V3, P317 DURAFFOURD C, 1986, CUADERNOS FITOTERAPI GUENTHER E, 1974, ESSENTIAL OILS KHALLOUKI F, 2000, FITOTERAPIA, V71, P544 LAPRAZ P, 1979, CONTRIBUTION CLIN ET LEANOS BE, 1996, ENFEMM INFECC MICROB, V16, P86 MOES AJ, 1993, J PHARM BELG, V48, P252 MOLEYAR V, 1992, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V16, P337 MOREL A, 1925, PARF MOD, V18, P261 PEDRETTI M, 1993, CHIMICA FARMACOLOGIA QUINTILIANI R, 1995, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO RECIO MC, 1989, PHYTOTHER RES, V3, P117 SCHROEDER MP, 1949, B NAT FORMULARY COMM, V17, P213 WOODS GL, 1995, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO NR 16 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 947ZH UT ISI:000230685300010 ER PT J AU Andrade-Cetto, A Heinrich, M TI Mexican plants with hypoglycaemic effect used in the treatment of diabetes SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE type 2 diabetes; hypoglycaemic plants; Mexico; neotropics; traditional medicine ID OPUNTIA-STREPTACANTHA LEMAIRE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE LEVELS; ACOSMIUM-PANAMENSE; CECROPIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; CUCURBITA-FICIFOLIA; BRICKELLIA-VERONICAEFOLIA; PSACALIUM-DECOMPOSITUM; EQUISETUM-MYRIOCHAETUM; BOUVARDIA-TERNIFLORA; PARMENTIERA-EDULIS AB Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome which affects more and more people in all countries over the world. In Mexico, it is commonly treated with herbal extracts. Such treatment may be of considerable benefit especially during the early stages of the illness. In this review, we discuss species commonly used in Mexico in the treatment of diabetes. A total of 306 species have records of a popular use in the treatment of this syndrome in Mexico. Seven of these species - Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Cecropiaceae), Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht & Cham (Equisetaceae), Acosmium panamense (Benth.) Yacolev (Fabaceae), Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche (Cucurbitaceae), Agarista mexicana (Hemsl.) Judd. (Ericaeae), Brickellia veronicaefolia (Kunth) A. Gray (Asteraceae), Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) - are discussed in greater detail, highlighting our current knowledge about these botanicals, but also the enormous gaps in our knowledge, most notably as it relates to the species' toxicology, the pharmacokinetics of its active constituents and their metabolism. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 04511, DF, Mexico. Univ London, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Andrade-Cetto, A, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Apartado Postal 70-359, Mexico City 04511, DF, Mexico. EM aac@hp.fciencias.unam.mx CR *MISS BOT GARD, 2004, W3 TROP *SSA, 2004, PAG SEC SAL GOB MEX *WHO, 1999, DEF DIAGN CLASS DIAB, P66 ACOSTAPATINO JL, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V77, P99 AFIFI FU, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V65, P173 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P253 AGUILAR A, 2002, CIENCIA JUL, P24 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P207 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P21 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P185 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, PHARM BIOL, V40, P570 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 ANDRADECETTO A, 1995, THESIS UNAM, P93 ANDRADECETTO A, 1999, THESIS NATL U MEXICO, P97 ANDRADECETTO A, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P145 ANDRADECETTO A, 2004, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V90, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.049 ANDRADECETTO AA, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P129 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V3 BALANDRIN MF, 1982, HETEROCYCLES, V19, P1931 BARCENASRODRIGU.H, 2004, THESIS UNAM MEXICO, P75 BASNET P, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1238 BAYNES JW, 1991, DIABETES, V40, P405 CACERES A, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P85 CAMACHO MR, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P471 CASTANEDAANDRADE I, 1997, J PROF ASSOC CACTUS, V2, P73 DELIORMANORHAN S, 2003, LIFE SCI, V72, P2273 DESOKY EK, 1997, B FACULTY PHARM CAIR, V35, P257 DIAZ JL, 1976, PLANTAS MED, P358 DUAN HQ, 2001, TETRAHEDRON, V57, P8413 ERNST E, 1997, PHYTOMEDICINE, V4, P73 FRATI AC, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED MEX, V22, P333 FRATIMUNARI A, 1987, MED MEXICO, V19, P143 FRATIMUNARI A, 1991, MED MEXICO, V22, P51 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1983, MED MEXICO, V14, P269 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P197 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P211 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P321 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P99 GAEDCKE F, 2003, MEDPHARM, P177 HEINRICH M, 1989, J CRAMER GEBR BORNTR HEINRICH M, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P63 HEINRICH M, 1998, PLANTS FOOD MED, P17 HEINRICH M, 2004, FUNDAMENTALS PHARMAC, P309 HEMMERLE H, 1997, J MED CHEM, V40, P137 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2004, PHYTOMEDICINE, V11, P561, DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.01.006 INMAN WD, 1998, 5747527, US ISLASANDRADE S, 2000, ACTA HISTOCHEM CYTOC, V33, P201 KHOSA RL, 1983, INDIAN DRUGS, V20, P241 KNEKT P, 2002, AM J CLIN NUTR, V76, P560 LAMBA SS, 2000, STUD NAT PROD CHEM, V21, P457 LEONTI M, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P1653 LEONTI M, 2002, THESIS SWISS FED I T, P90 LETITIA M, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P197 LORENCKUBIS I, 2001, ACTA SOC BOT POL, V70, P31 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 MARTINEZ M, 1954, PLANTAS UTILES MEXIC, P400 NUZILLARD JM, 1999, TETRAHEDRON, V55, P11511 PALACIOSRIOS M, 1999, FLORA BAJIO ADJACENT, P1 PENNINTON TD, 1998, AROBLES TROPICALES M, P156 PEREZ G, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P253 PEREZ RM, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P351 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P475 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P55 PEREZ RM, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P391 PEREZ RM, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P25 PEREZ RM, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V15, P552 PEREZ S, 1992, PHYTON, V53, P39 PEREZGUERRERO C, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P279 PEREZGUTIERREZ RM, 1998, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V40, P354 PEREZGUTIERREZ RM, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V16, P55 PERZ SG, 1997, PHARMACEUTICS ACTA H, V72, P105 RANJITH WH, 2002, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, V59, P429 REVILLA MC, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P117 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 2001, PHARM BIOL, V39, P317 SHANEMCWHORTER L, 2001, DIABETES SPECTRUM, V14, P199 VEITCH NC, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V45, P847 VERSPOHL EJ, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P581 WIEDENFELD H, 2000, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V28, P395 WIEDENFELD H, 2003, Z NATURFORSCH C, V58, P637 WITTERS LA, 2001, J CLIN INVEST, V108, P1105 YEH GY, 2003, DIABETES CARE, V26, P1277 NR 83 TC 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUL 14 PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 325 EP 348 PG 24 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 946KN UT ISI:000230571100002 ER PT J AU Abe, F Nagafuji, S Okawa, M Kinjo, J Akahane, H Ogura, T Martinez-Alfaro, MA Reyes-Chilpa, R TI Trypanocidal constituents in plants 5. Evaluation of some Mexican plants for their trypanocidal activity and active constituents in the seeds of Persea americana SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE trypanocidal activity; Trypanosoma cruzi; Persea americana; Chagas' disease; 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecane derivative ID ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS; AVOCADO PEAR; FRUIT AB Crude extracts of Mexican medicinal plants were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the etiological agent for Chagas' disease, one of the most serious protozoan diseases in Latin America. There were 71 kinds of methanolic and other organic extracts from 65 plants, which were newly examined by a preliminary screening test to observe immobilization of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of T cruzi in vitro. The MeOH extract of seeds of Persea americana (avocado) showed moderate activity against epimastigotes. In order to identify the principal compounds for the activity, the MeOH extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. From the active fractions, six 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecane derivatives and two 1,2,4-trihydroxynonadecane derivatives including a new one were isolated. These compounds showed moderate activity against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Univ Autonoma Guadalajara, Dept Chem, CEN, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Jardin Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Abe, F, Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Jonan Ku, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. EM abefumi@fukuoka-u.ac.jp CR ABE F, 2002, BIOL PHARM BULL, V25, P1188 ABE F, 2003, BIOL PHARM BULL, V26, P1730 ABE F, 2004, BIOL PHARM BULL, V27, P141 ADIKARAM NKB, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P93 BROWN BI, 1972, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V20, P753 BROWN BI, 1973, J CHROMATOGR, V86, P239 CARMICHAEL J, 1987, CANCER RES, V47, P936 DOMERGUE F, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V54, P183 KASHMAN Y, 1969, TETRAHEDRON, V25, P4617 NAGAFUJI S, 2004, BIOL PHARM BULL, V27, P193 NEEMAN I, 1970, APPL MICROBIOL, V19, P470 OBERLIES NH, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P781 SUGIYAMA T, 1982, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V46, P481 NR 13 TC 4 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharm. Bull. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1314 EP 1317 PG 4 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 944XR UT ISI:000230464900038 ER PT J AU Perez-Leal, R Garcia-Mateos, MR Vasquez-Rojas, TR Colinas-Leon, TC TI Allelopathic potential of Petiveria alliacea L. SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; phytotoxicity; Petiveria alliacea; Phytolacacceae germination; extracts ID TAIWAN; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION; EXCLUSION AB Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccacea) is a herbaceous plant of great importance in traditional medicine. It has been reported to be effective as an insecticide and acaricide; however, its allelopathic activity is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate its allelopathic activity in seeds of Triticum aestivum, Oriza sativa, Lactuca sativa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Tests were performed with different concentrations of the aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethanic leaf extracts. Total germination (G(t)), accumulated germination velocity (AGV), length of the aerial portion (LAP) and radicular length (RL) were evaluated. It is demonstrated that the the organic extracts were more phytotoxic than the aqueous extract, producing a significant effect on lettuce and amaranth. However, in the evaluation carried out in the soil, no phytotoxic effect was observed in the germination of lettuce seeds. Therefore, the tested extracts of Petiveria alliacea were moderately phytotoxic. C1 Univ Auton Chapingo, Inst Hort, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. Univ Auton Chapingo, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. RP Garcia-Mateos, MR, Univ Auton Chapingo, Inst Hort, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. EM rosgar08@hotmail.com CR 1976, REGLAS INT ENSAYOS S ANAYA AL, 1974, 6 INT C ESS OILS ILL, P27 ANAYA AL, 1978, J CHEM ECOL, V4, P289 ANAYA AL, 1990, J CHEM ECOL, V16, P2145 ANAYA AL, 1995, ACS SYM SER, V582, P224 ANAYA AL, 1999, J CHEM ECOL, V25, P141 BENEVIDES PJC, 2001, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V57, P743 BONGSEOP K, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P39 CHIAPUSIO G, 1997, J CHEM ECOL, V23, P2445 CHOU CH, 1982, J CHEM ECOL, V8, P1489 CHOU CH, 1986, J CHEM ECOL, V12, P1431 CHOU CH, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P2285 CHOU CH, 1998, J CHEM ECOL, V24, P2131 DESOUSA JR, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P3653 DUDAI N, 1999, J CHEM ECOL, V25, P1079 EINHELLIG FA, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P1 MACIAS FA, 1992, ALLELOPATHY ORG PROC, P311 MACIAS FA, 1997, J CHEM ECOL, V23, P1781 MALPEZZI ELA, 1994, BRAZ J MED BIOL RES, V27, P75 STEVEN FV, 1997, J CHEM ECOL, V23, P2107 VILLAR R, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P1 NR 21 TC 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD APR-JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 SC Agronomy GA 938DA UT ISI:000229978900002 ER PT J AU Arteaga, S Andrade-Cetto, A Cardenas, R TI Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Larrea tridentata; Gobernadora; Creosote bush; nordihydroguaiaretic acid; herbal medicine; traditional medicine; hepatotoxicity; renal toxicity ID CANCER CELL-LINE; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; GOLGI-COMPLEX; INHIBITION; LIPOXYGENASE; EXPRESSION; MASOPROCOL AB Although controversial. Creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville, is used to treat a variety of illnesses including infertility. rheumatism. arthritis, diabetes, gallbladder and kidney stones, pain and inflammation. Recently, it has been used as a nutritional supplement. The primary product extracted from this common plant of the and regions of northern Mexico and Southwestern United States is the potent antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). It was widely used during the 1950s as a food preservative and to preserve naturals fibers. Later it was banned after reports of toxicity during the early 1960s. Renal and hepatotoxicity are also reported for chronic use of creosote bush and NDGA. This article reviews traditional and contemporary uses and pharmacology, including toxicology of this plant widely used in Mexican traditional medicine. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Cardenas, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Ethnopharmacol. PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 920KR UT ISI:000228688300001 ER PT J AU Politi, M Chavez, MI Canada, FJ Jimenez-Barbero, J TI Screening by NMR: A new approach for the study of bioactive natural products? The example of Pleurotus ostreatus hot water extract SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE screening NMR; medicinal plants; hot water extract; Pleurotus ostreatus; Lens culinaris lectin; bioactive conformation ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGAND-BINDING; RECEPTORS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; MUSHROOMS; DISCOVERY; LECTIN AB Direct NMR screening of natural products obtained from hot water extracts of medicinal species is accomplished through STD and tr-NOESY experiments on a crude mixture and a given protein receptor. It is shown, with use of a mushroom extract as model case, that this protocol may provide a fast and simple method, particularly useful in natural products chemistry, through which to detect the presence of ligands for a target receptor. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH D Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005). C1 CSIC, Ctr Invest Biol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. UNAM, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Politi, M, CSIC, Ctr Invest Biol, Ramiro Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM politi@cib.csic.es CR ASENSIO JL, 2000, CHEM-EUR J, V6, P1035 BALARAM P, 1972, J AM CHEM SOC, V94, P4015 BERNARDI A, 2003, ORG BIOMOL CHEM, V1, P785, DOI 10.1039/b210503a BILIA AR, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P2115 BORCHERS AT, 1999, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V221, P281 CAMBI A, 2003, CURR OPIN CELL BIOL, V15, P539, DOI 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.08.004 FEINBERG H, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P2163 GROVES P, 2004, GLYCOBIOLOGY, V14, P451, DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwh037 GUNDECIMERMAN N, 1999, INT J MED MUSHROOMS, V1, P69 HERMANZFALCON P, 2001, IMMUNOGENETICS, V53, P288 JOHNSON MA, 2002, J AM CHEM SOC, V124, P15368, DOI 10.1021/ja020983v MAYER M, 1999, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V38, P1784 MEYER B, 2003, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V42, P864 ROEDER A, 2004, TRENDS MICROBIOL, V12, P44, DOI 10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.003 SCHWARZ FP, 1993, J BIOL CHEM, V268, P7668 STOCKMAN BJ, 2002, PROG NUCL MAG RES SP, V41, P187 TAGGI AE, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P10364, DOI 10.1021/ja047416n VOGTHERR M, 2000, J AM CHEM SOC, V122, P6093 WASSER SP, 2002, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V60, P258, DOI 10.1007/s00253-002-1076-7 WOLFENDER JL, 2003, J CHROMATOGR A, V1000, P437, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00303-0 NR 20 TC 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 29 PY 2005 IS 7 BP 1392 EP 1396 PG 5 SC Chemistry, Organic GA 914XE UT ISI:000228260600019 ER PT J AU Rios, MY Berber, LA TI H-1 and C-13 assignments of three new drimenes from Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; H-1 NMR; C-13 NMR; Amaranthaceae; Ireshic diffusa; drimenes; iresin; 3 ss,14-dihydroxy-Delta(7,8)-drimen-11,12-acetonide; 3 ss,11,12,14-tetrahyclroxy -Delta(7,8)-drimene; 3 ss,7 ss,14-trihydroxy-Delta(8,9)-drimen-11,12-olide; 3 ss,7 alpha,14-trihidroxy-Delta(8,9)-drimen-11,12-olide ID STEM-BARK; SESQUITERPENES; FUNGUS; ESTERS AB The structure elucidation and H-1 and C-13 assignments of iresin (1) and three new drimenes, 3 beta,14-dihydroxy-Delta(7,8)-drimen-11,12-acetonide (2), 3 beta,7 beta,14-trihidroxy-Delta(8,9)- drimen-11,12-olide (3) and 3 beta,7 beta,14-trihydroxy-Delta(8,9)-drimen-11,12-olide (4), isolated from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Iresine diffusa Humb. T Bonpl. ex Willd. are reported. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley T Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rios, MY, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Av Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM myolanda@uaem.mx CR ALI M, 2000, PHARMAZIE, V55, P385 AYER WA, 1989, CAN J CHEM, V67, P1371 BELOFSKY GN, 1998, TETRAHEDRON, V54, P1715 DJERASSI C, 1954, J AM CHEM SOC, V76, P2966 KIOY D, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P3535 NOGUEIRA MA, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V42, P997 VOUTQUENNE L, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V50, P63 YING BP, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V38, P909 NR 8 TC 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy GA 911XB UT ISI:000228038900011 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Alarcon, G Gomez, M Heredia, N TI Haematoxylon brasiletto extracts inhibit growth, enterotoxin production, and adhesion of Vibrio cholerae SO FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haematoxylon brasiletto; medicinal plants; Vibrio cholerae; adhesion; cholera toxin ID NIGERIAN CHEWING STICKS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GENETICS AB The effects of Haematoxylon brasiletto extracts on growth, enterotoxin production, and adhesion of V. cholerae 01 and 0139 to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were determined. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for growth was 0.3-0.4 mg mL(-1). No enterotoxin formation was detected when lower concentrations (50% or 75% of the MBC) of H. brasiletto extracts were added to the media. Pre-exposing bacteria and CHO cells to various concentrations of extracts affected the adhesion between bacteria and CHO cells. Partial purification of the active fraction suggested that polyphenols may play a role in the antimicrobial activity exhibited by H. brasiletto extracts. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas, NL, Mexico. RP Garcia, S, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Apdo Postal 124-F, San Nicolas, NL, Mexico. EM santos@microbiosymas.com CR ALARCON G, 2002, THESIS U AUTONOMA NU ALBERT MJ, 2000, HDB BACTERIAL ADHESI, P541 ALKINSINDE KA, 1995, J DIARRHOEAL DIS RES, V13, P127 ARMSTRONG WP, 1992, PACIFIC HORTICULTURE, V53, P38 BALANDRIN MF, 1985, SCIENCE, V228, P1154 BETLEY MJ, 1986, ANNU REV MICROBIOL, V40, P577 BRANTNER A, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V44, P35 CASTILLO MC, 2000, BIOL PHARM BULL, V23, P1235 CONNER DE, 1989, ANTIMICROBIALS FOODS, P441 DEWIT JC, 1979, J FOOD PROTECT, V42, P222 DONTA ST, 1993, INFECT IMMUN, V61, P3282 EDWARDS HGM, 2002, ANALYST, V128, P82 FARUQUE SM, 1998, MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R, V62, P1301 FINELSTEIN RA, 1973, CRI REV MICROBIOL, V3, P522 GARCIA S, 2002, J FOOD PROTECT, V65, P1667 GUEVARA JM, 1994, REV GASTROENTEROLOGI, V14, P27 HAEMMINGWAY RW, 1991, PLANT POLYPHENOLS BI, P17 HENRIKSSON A, 1996, CURR MICROBIOL, V33, P31 HEREDIA NL, 1998, J FOOD PROTECT, V61, P1143 KAPER JB, 1995, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V8, P48 LEVINE MM, 1988, INFECT IMMUN, V56, P161 NELSON ET, 1976, INFECT IMMUN, V31, P753 PRATT R, 1959, J AM PHARM ASSOC, V48, P69 ROTIMI VO, 1988, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V32, P5885 SANCHEZMARROQUI.A, 1985, REV LATINOAMER MICRO, V1, P225 SHETTY M, 1994, J COMMUN DISORD, V26, P147 SHITUT S, 1999, CENT EUR J PUBL HEAL, V7, P137 SILVA GL, 1998, NATURAL PRODUCTS ISO, P343 SRIVASTAVA R, 1980, J MED MICROBIOL, V13, P1 TAMPLIN ML, 1988, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V49, P7 TRANTER HS, 1993, J APPL BACTERIOL, V74, P253 VIJAYA K, 1996, J ALTERN COMPLEM MED, V3, P13 WOLINSKY LE, 1983, CARIES RES, V17, P253 WOLINSKY LE, 1984, CARIES RES, V18, P216 ZENSER TV, 1976, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V152, P126 NR 35 TC 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-5436 J9 FOOD BIOTECHNOL JI Food Biotechnol. PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 911LZ UT ISI:000228005500002 ER PT J AU Fragoso-Serrano, M Gibbons, S Pereda-Miranda, R TI Anti-staphylococcal and cytotoxic compounds from Hyptis pectinata SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article ID STEREOCHEMISTRY AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3 extract prepared from the Mexican medicinal plant Hyptis pectinata led to the isolation of four pyrones, pectinolides A-C (1-3) and H (4). Activity was tracked using cultured KB cells. Multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to pectinolide H (4; KB > 20 mu g/mL) in the concentration range of 32-64 mu g/mL. The absolute stereochemistry of this new compound was established as 5S-[(4S-acetyloxy)-(1S-hydroxy)-2Z-octenyl]-2(5H)-furanone on the basis of spectral, chiroptical data and chemical correlation with pectinolide A (1). Mosher ester derivatives were used with pectinolide B (2) for confirmation of the 3 '-(S) absolute stereochemistry on the side chain chiral center of pectinolides A-C. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ London, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM pereda@servidor.unam.mx CR ANGERHOFER CK, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P59 BOALINO DM, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V64, P1303, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.08.017 EMMART EW, 1940, BADIANUS MANUSCRIPT, P268 FRAGOSOSERRANO M, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P45 LECHNER D, 2004, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V65, P331, DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.11.010 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P583 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P83 SNATZKE G, 1968, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V7, P14 TSUBOI S, 1998, J ORG CHEM, V63, P1102 VAREY S, 2000, MEXICAN TREASURY WRI, P200 NR 10 TC 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 278 EP 280 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 910EG UT ISI:000227912500016 ER PT J AU Canales, M Hernandez, T Caballero, J de Vivar, AR Avila, G Duran, A Lira, R TI Informant consensus factor and antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants used by the people of San Rafael Coxcatlan, Puebla, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; informant consensus factor; antibacterial activity; ethnobotany ID SAUDI-ARABIAN EUPHORBIALES; JATROPHA-CURCAS L; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BIOMPHALARIA-PFEIFFERI; DRUG DISCOVERY; ETHNOBOTANY; AGENTS; LATEX AB Using ethnobotanical techniques, the medicinal flora used by the inhabitants of San Rafael Coxcatlan, Puebla was determined. During the field work, two types of interviews were applied (free listing and semi-structured) to 60 informants, who supplied consistent information concerning the use of 46 species of medicinal plants. Further analysis showed 13 categories of different medicinal use. An informant consensus factor was calculated and 16 species were selected due to their utilization in the treatment of diseases of possible bacterial origin. Of these 16 plants, sequential extractions were made with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The obtained extracts were used to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains; 75% of the plants presented antibacterial activity. The medicinal species Jatropha neopauciflora Pax (Euphorbiaceae) and Juliania adstringens (Schldl.) Schldl. (Julianiaceae) were those that showed the biggest activity. Moreover, these species also had the highest informant consensus factor values. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNAM, UBIPRO Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo Mex, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Canales, M, UNAM, UBIPRO Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo Mex, Mexico. EM magacm@yahoo.com.mx CR ALZANBAGI NA, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P119 ALZANBAGI NA, 2001, ACTA TROP, V78, P23 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLASTAS MEDICI, P1785 ARIASMONTES S, 1997, FLORADEL VALLE TEHUA AUVINGUETTE C, 1999, TETRAHEDRON, V55, P11495 BLANCKAERT I, 2004, J ARID ENVIRON, V57, P39 BRAVO H, 1930, CACTACEAS TEHUCAN AN, V1, P87 CACERES A, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V20, P223 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 CHARIANDY CM, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P265 CICCIA G, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P180 COJOCARU M, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1093 CORDELL GA, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P463 CORTHOUT J, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P1129 COX PA, 1994, SCI AM, V270, P60 DAVILA P, 1983, THESIS U NAC AUT MEX DAVILA P, 1993, FLORA VALLE TEHUACAN FERNANDEZ BMN, 1999, THESIS UNAM FREI B, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P149 HEINRICH M, 1998, ANNU REV PHARMACOL, V38, P539 HEINRICH M, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V47, P1859 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 JANSSEN AM, 1986, PHARM WEEKBLAD, V8, P289 KARMEGAM N, 1997, BIORESOURCE TECHNOL, V59, P137 KING SR, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V51, P45 LENTZ DL, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V63, P253 LINARES D, 1999, PLANTAS MEDICINALES, P155 MOERMAN DE, 1999, J ETHNOBIOL, V19, P49 MURPHY CM, 1999, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V12, P564 OLIVERA OG, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P109 PAREDES FM, 2001, THESIS U NACL AUTONO, P109 RICOARCE L, 1998, FLORA VALLE TEHUACAN ROSAS LR, 2003, ESTUDIO ETNOBOTANICO, P95 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO SRINIVASAN D, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V74, P217 STAUBMANN R, 1999, J BIOTECHNOL, V75, P117 VANDENBERG AJJ, 1995, FEBS LETT, V358, P215 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 WELLER SC, 1998, QUALITATIVE RES METH, V10 NR 39 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 429 EP 439 PG 11 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 908XD UT ISI:000227822600003 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Calzada-Bermejo, R Hernandez-Galicia, E Ruiz-Angeles, C Roman-Ramos, R TI Acute and chronic hypoglycernic effect of Ibervillea sonorae root extracts-II SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoglycemic plants; antidiabetic plants; medicinal plants; Ibervillea sonorae; Cucurbitaceae ID INDUCED DIABETIC-RATS; CORDIFOLIA; PLANTS; MICE AB Ibervillea sonorae's root, or "wareque" (Cucurbitaceae), is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the control of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effects produced by the acute and chronic administration of various extracts of Ibervillea sonorae were investigated. Both the traditional preparation (aqueous decoction) and the raw extract (juice) from the root resulted in significant reductions of glycemia in healthy mice after intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 600 mg/kg. Additionally, ground dried root was used to obtain a dichloromethane (DCM) extract and a methanol (MeOH) extract. The DCM extract induced a clear reduction of glycemia in healthy (P < 0.05) and in alloxan-diabetic mice. The intraperitoneally administered DCM extract caused a severe hypoglycemia that produced lethality in all the treated animals when doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight were used. Since the DCM extract showed a marked hypoglycemic activity, it was administered daily per os to alloxan diabetic rats, employing corn oil and tolbutamide as controls. After 41 days of DCM extract administration at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day, diabetic rats showed improvement in glycemia, body weight, triglycerides, and GPT in comparison with the diabetic control group. Total cholesterol, GOT, and uric acid blood levels were not affected. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Hosp Pediat, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Subjefatura Invest, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol Salud, Apdo P-55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. EM aaasj2@prodigy.net.mx CR 1999, NOM062ZOO1999 ADERIBIGBE AO, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V15, P456 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V82, P185 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2002, PHARM BIOL, V40, P570 BARCELO A, 2001, PAN AM J PUBLIC HLTH, V10, P300 FARNSWORTH NR, 1966, J PHARM SCI, V55, P225 GROVER JK, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P461 HARRIS MI, 1998, DIABETES CARE, V21, P518 HERNANDEZGALICIA E, 2002, P W PHARMACOL SOC, V45, P42 HUICHEN L, 2004, LIFE SCI, V75, P2897 KANEGUSUKU M, 2002, Z NATURFORSCH C, V57, P272 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 RERUP CC, 1970, PHARMACOL REV, V22, P485 SALEEM R, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P331 SINGH SN, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P269 STANELY P, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P9 SUBA V, 2004, FITOTERAPIA, V75, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00163-1 XOLALPAMOLINA S, 1994, BIBLIOTECA MED TRADI, P363 NR 18 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR 21 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 908XD UT ISI:000227822600005 ER PT J AU Maldonado, PD Rivero-Cruz, I Mata, R Pedraza-Chaverri, J TI Antioxidant activity of A-type proanthocyanidins from Geranium niveum (Geraniaceae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Geranium niveum S. Watson; geraniaceae; proanthocyanidin; geranin A; geranin D; scavenger; antioxidants ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; REACTIVE OXYGEN; EXTRACTS; DAMAGE; FOODS; ASSAY; ACID AB Geranium niveum S. Watson (Geraniaceae) is a medicinal herb widely used by the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico. This species is rich in proanthocyanidins and other phenolics. Previous in vitro assays have demonstrated that proanthocyanidins exhibited antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, enzyme-inhibiting, antioxidant, and radical-scavenging properties. In view of its medicinal use and chemical composition, the aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts and two proanthocyanidins (geranins A and D) from the roots of G. niveum by using seven different assay systems, namely, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH center dot), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and singlet oxygen (O-1(2)). Two known antioxidants, resveratrol and ascorbic acid, were used as positive controls. The results showed that geranins A and D and the extracts were able to scavenge ABTS, DPPH, O-2(center dot-), OH center dot, and HOCl. The scavenging ability of geranins A and D was similar to that of resveratrol and ascorbic acid in the following assays: ABTS, O-2(center dot-), and HOCl. The scavenging capacity of ascorbic acid for DPPH was higher than that of both geranins and resveratrol. On the other hand, the OH center dot scavenging action of both geranins and resveratrol was similar. The methanol-CHCl3 (1:1) extract had a higher ability to scavenge ABTS, DPPH, and O-2(center dot-) radicals than the chloroform extract. In turn, the latter was more potent than the methanol-CHCl3 (1:1) extract as OH center dot or HOCl scavenger agent. Neither geranins A and D nor the extracts were able to scavenge H2O2 and O-1(2). In conclusion, G. niveum roots have proanthocyanidins with powerful radical scavenging in vitro activity. This property may partially explain the wide use of this plant in the Tarahumara indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses (other than spasms), pain, and fevers associated with oxidative stress. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Neurol & Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Su, Lab Patol Vasc, Mexico City 14269, DF, Mexico. RP Mata, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM rachel@servidor.unam.mx pedraza@servidor.unam.mx CR BARREIROS ALBS, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P805 CAIA Y, 2004, LIFE SCI, V74, P2157 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P1 CALZADA F, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P705 CALZADA F, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P677 CHAKRABORTY N, 1992, PLANT PHYSIOL, V98, P7 CHING TL, 1994, ANAL BIOCHEM, V218, P377 COS P, 2003, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V55, P1291, DOI 10.1211/0022357021693 DEBRUYNE T, 1999, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V27, P445 FERNANDES E, 2003, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V35, P1008, DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00437-4 FERREIRA D, 2002, NAT PROD REP, V19, P517, DOI 10.1039/b008741f FURUNO K, 2002, BIOL PHARM BULL, V25, P19 HALLIWELL B, 1987, ANAL BIOCHEM, V165, P215 HALLIWELL B, 1990, METHOD ENZYMOL, V186, P1 LEONARD SS, 2003, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V309, P1017, DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.08.105 LONG LH, 1999, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V262, P605 LONG LH, 2001, METHOD ENZYMOL, V335, P181 LUXIMONRAMMA A, 2003, J SCI FOOD AGR, V83, P496, DOI 10.1002/jsfa.1365 MURCIA MA, 2001, J FOOD PROTECT, V64, P379 NATELLA F, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P7720, DOI 10.1021/jf020346o NATH KA, 1995, KIDNEY INT, V47, P592 RE R, 1999, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V26, P1231 ROMANI A, 2004, FREE RADICAL RES, V38, P97, DOI 10.1080/10715760310001625609 SPARROW JR, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P18207, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M300457200 TOYOKUNI S, 2003, FREE RADICAL RES, V37, P1215, DOI 10.1080/10715760310001598150 YAMAGUCHI T, 1998, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V62, P1201 NR 26 TC 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1996 EP 2001 PG 6 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology GA 907RR UT ISI:000227736100024 ER PT J AU Campos-Bedolla, P Montano, LM Flores-Soto, E Aguilar, A Puebla, AM Lozoya, X Vargas, MH TI Effect of Gnaphalium conoideum HBK on guinea pig airway smooth muscle: role of L-type Ca2+ channels SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gnaphalium; medicinal plants; gordolobo; airway smooth muscle; intracellular Ca2+; L-type Ca2+ channels ID DITERPENES; PLANTS; GAUDICHAUDIANUM; CARE AB Plants from the Gnaphalium genus have been used in the Mexican traditional medicine for digestive and respiratory complaints. In the present Study. the effect of methanolic extract from Gnaphalium conoideum HBK on the responses to contractile agonists was assessed in guinea pig tracheas. and the possible role of L-type Ca2+ channels was explored in tracheal guinea pig isolated myocytes. cumulative concentration-response curves to carbachol or histamine, as well as contractile responses to 60 mM KCl were evaluated with or without 30 min preincubation with 20 or 100 mug ml(-1) Gnaphalium conoideum. Likewise, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were measured by microfluorometric method (fura-2 AM) in isolated tracheal myocytes with or Without preincubation with 0.1, 0.31 or 1 mug ml(-1) Gnaphalium conoideum. We found that methanolic extract from Gnaphalium conoidemn significantly diminished the contractile responses to histamine, but not to carbachol or KCl. In isolated myocytes, Gnaphalium conoidemn significantly reduced the intracellular Ca2+ rise induced by 60 mM KCl. Because histamine contractile responses are largely dependent on extracellular Ca2+, and KCl responses are mainly mediated through L-type Ca2+ channels, our results suggested that methanolic extract from Gnaphalium conoideum might be acting as a partial blocker of these Ca2+ channels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Mexico City 06720, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Farmacol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Invest Biomed Occidente, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City 14080, DF, Mexico. RP Vargas, MH, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06720, DF, Mexico. EM mhvargasb@yahoo.com.mx CR *MED EC CO, 1998, PDR HERB MED *NAT HIGH BLOOD PR, 2004, 7 REP JOINT NAT COMM *NAT RES COUNC, 1996, GUID CAR US LAB AN AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC AGUILAR A, 1998, PLANTAS MED HERBARIO ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR BAYTELMAN B, 1980, ETNOBOTANICAL ESTADO BOHLMANN F, 1980, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V19, P71 ESPINOSA GFJ, 1987, B SOC BOT MEX, V47, P87 ESPINOSA GFJ, 1987, FLORA FENEROGAMICS V, P514 GRYNKIEWICZ G, 1985, J BIOL CHEM, V260, P3440 GUERREIRO E, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2601 HOCKING GM, 1997, DICT NATURAL PRODUCT KAJITA J, 1993, J PHYSL LUNG CELLULA, V264, L496 KANNAN MS, 1987, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V65, P1780 MARUYAMA M, 1974, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V13, P286 MERAGELMAN TL, 2003, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V62, P569 MONKS A, 1991, J NATL CANCER I, V83, P757 MOOKERJEE BK, 1986, J IMMUNOPHARMACOL, V8, P371 PESSAH IN, 1987, MOL PHARMACOL, V31, P232 ROJAS G, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V74, P97 SCHWARTZ RH, 1990, SCIENCE, V248, P1349 SKEHAN P, 1990, J NATL CANCER I, V82, P1107 SNOW V, 2004, ANN INTERN MED, V141, P57 TADDEIBRINGAS GA, 1999, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V41, P216 TAO L, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V279, L722 TORRENEGRA R, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P2415 TORRENEGRA RD, 1980, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V19, P2795 VILLAGOMEZIBARRA JR, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P692 NR 29 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901WD UT ISI:000227312000016 ER PT J AU Yasunaka, K Abe, F Nagayama, A Okabe, H Lozada-Perez, L Lopez-Villafranco, D Muniz, EE Aguilar, A Reyes-Chilpa, R TI Antibacterial activity of crude extracts from Mexican medicinal plants and purified coumarins and xanthones SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibacterial activity; Mexican medicinal plants; coumarins xanthones; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAMMEA-AMERICANA-L; CALOPHYLLUM-BRASILIENSIS; CONSTITUENTS AB Thirty-two extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants of 15 different families were assayed to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Seventeen plants showed antibacterial activity, while five plants showed no activity against both bacteria. All of the extracts showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant) than against Escherichia coli. except one. Among the plants examined, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst. (Fabaceae), Calophylltum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae), and Mammea americana L. (Clusiaceae) were highly active against Staphylococcus aureus. Coumarins (mammea A/BA and mammea A/AA) and xanthones, namely jacareubin and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(3,3-dimethylallyl) xanthone. were isolated as the principle compounds from the last two plants. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Ciudad Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Ciudad Univ, Inst Chem, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Herbarium IZTA, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado Mexico, Mexico. Natl Med Ctr S XXI, Mexican Inst Social Secur, Herbarium IMSSM, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Yasunaka, K, Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. EM kakuko@fukuoka-u.ac.jp CR ABE F, 2002, BIOL PHARM BULL, V25, P1188 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P253 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR CANOASSELEITH L, 1997, FLORA MED VERACRUZ, P166 CROMBIE L, 1967, J CHEM SOC C, V23, P2553 ESSAWI T, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V70, P343 FINNEGAN RA, 1972, J PHARM SCI, V61, P1599 FINNEGAN RA, 1973, J PHARM SCI, V62, P483 ICHIYAMA S, 1991, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V29, P2690 IINUMA M, 1996, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V48, P861 ITO C, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P267 ITOIGAWA M, 2001, CANCER LETT, V169, P15 KHAN MR, 1980, STUDIES AFRICAN ME 1, P91 LOPEZVILLAFRANC.M, 1988, THESIS U NACL AUTONO, P349 MARTINEZALFARO MA, 1995, CATALOGO PLANTAS UTI, P303 MARTINEZALFARO MA, 2000, FACULATAD CIENCIAS, P108 OJALA T, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P299 REYESCHILPA R, 1997, J CHEM ECOL, V23, P1901 REYESCHILPA R, 2003, B CENTRAL RES I F E, V1, P157 REYESCHILPA R, 2004, LIFE SCI, V75, P1635, DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.03.017 SAMY RP, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P173 SOTONUNEZ JC, 1995, PLANTAS MED CUENCA R, P198 SUNDARAM BM, 1983, PLANTA MED, V48, P59 TAKEDA S, 2000, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V14, P39 YASUNAKA K, 1999, MICROB DRUG RESIST, V5, P207 NR 25 TC 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901WD UT ISI:000227312000020 ER PT J AU Nicasio, P Meckes, M TI Hypotensive effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from Jacaranda mimosaefolia leaves in rats SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypotension; cardiovascular activity; isolated aorta; medicinal plant; Jacaranda mimosaefolia ID INDUCED CONTRACTIONS; AQUEOUS EXTRACT; AORTA AB Hypothermic and cardiovascular activities of the methanol extract of Jacaranda mimosaefolia leaves were tested. To evaluate the hypotensive properties. anesthetized rats were used and temperature, blood pressure, and cardiac frequency were recorded. In addition, the in vitro effect produced by the extract on induced contraction with norepinephrine (NE) in rat aorta rings was evaluated. The extract produced a significant hypothermic effect with a maximum at 2 It, an effect which was accompanied by hypotension and low cardiac frequency, physiological conditions that were again re-established to the following 2 h. In isolated aorta preparations norepinephrine antagonistic effect was not correlated with the presence of Ca2+ pD(2) for NE was modified by the extract, an effect that could explain a blockade of the adrenergic receptors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Meckes, M, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, IMSS, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. EM meck7707@prodigy.net.com CR DIMO T, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P179 GAMBARO V, 1988, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V19, P17 GUERRERO MF, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V75, P33 JIMENEZ G, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V77, P77 MAHRAN GH, 1991, HERBA HUNG, V30, P98 MONROYORTIS C, 2000, PLANTAS MED UTILIZAD, P57 OGURA M, 1977, LLOYDIA, V40, P157 OSUNA L, 1989, REV MED IMSS, V27, P305 SUBRAMANIAN SS, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1499 SUBRAMIAN SS, 1973, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V12, P220 TSAI HY, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P249 VINET R, 1991, GEN PHARMACOL, V22, P365 WENIGER B, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P193 NR 13 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901WD UT ISI:000227312000021 ER PT J AU Sanchez, E Heredia, N Garcia, S TI Inhibition of growth and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by extracts of Agave species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; Aspergillus; cyclopiazonic acid; natural products ID CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; AFLATOXINS; FOOD; ANTIMICROBIALS; COPRODUCTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; TAMARII AB In this work, the effect of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Agave asperrima and Agave striata on growth and production of aflatoxin (in A&M medium) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; in Czpaek-Dox medium) and on growth in corn under storage conditions was determined. Aspergillus strains were inoculated (10(6) conidia per ml of medium or per 6 g of corn), then plant extracts were added and incubated without shaking at 28 degreesC for 8 days (for aflatoxin-producing analysis) or for 12 days (for CPA-producing analysis). Aflatoxin was assayed by HPLC and cyclopiazonic acid by absorbance at 580 nm using the Erlich reagent. The extracts that most effectively inhibited growth were those from the flowers of both plants. These exhibited an MIC from 0.5 to 2 mg/ml in culture media. Extracts from scape showed an MIC from 15 to 30 mg/ml in culture media. The MIC of the flower extracts was higher (>30 mg/g) when examined in corn. However, concentrations lower than the MIC drastically inhibited production of aflatoxins in culture medium or in corn. Half of the MIC inhibited 99% of the production of aflatoxins and 85% of cyclopiazonic acid. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, San Nicolas 66451, NL, Mexico. RP Garcia, S, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Apdo Postal 124-F, San Nicolas 66451, NL, Mexico. EM santos@microbiosymas.com CR ADYE J, 1964, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V86, P418 BANKOLE SA, 1997, LETT APPL MICROBIOL, V24, P190 BATHNAGAR D, 2001, GUIDE FOODBORNE PATH, P35 BEUCHAT LR, 1989, FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO, V43, P134 CONNER DE, 1993, ANTIMICROBIALS FOODS, P441 COWAN MM, 1999, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V12, P564 DORNER JW, 1984, MYCOPATHOLOGIA, V87, P13 ELLIS WO, 1991, CRIT REV FOOD SCI, V30, P403 ELOFF JN, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P1 FARBOOD MI, 1976, J MILK FOOD TECHNOL, V39, P675 FARR DF, 1989, FUNGI PLANTS PLANT P, P1 FREIBURGHAUS F, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P1 GARCIAMENDOZA A, 1995, CONSERVACION PLANTAS, P51 GOODMAN MM, 1995, EVOLUTION CROP PLANT, P193 GOTO T, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P4036 GOULD GW, 1996, J FOOD PROTECT S, P82 GOURAMA H, 1995, J FOOD PROTECT, V57, P1275 GQALENI N, 1996, FOOD ADDIT CONTAM, V13, P677 GRADELET S, 1997, CANCER LETT, V114, P221 HITOKOTO H, 1980, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V39, P812 HORN BW, 1996, MYCOLOGIA, V88, P574 MALO LA, 1997, FOOD MICROBIOL, V14, P117 MARTINS ML, 1999, J FOOD PROTECT, V62, P292 MORRISSEY RE, 1984, J TOXICOL ENV HLTH, V14, P585 NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 RATHINAVELU A, 1984, J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM, V67, P38 SHELEF LA, 1984, J FOOD SAFETY, V6, P29 THOMSON WAR, 1978, MED EARTH GUIDE HEAL, P5 THOMSON WAR, 1980, GUIA PRACTICA ILUSTR, P151 URANO T, 1992, J AOAC INT, V75, P838 VARDON PJ, 2003, 139 CAST TASK FORC, P136 VERASTEGUI MA, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P175 WHEELER MH, 1989, PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS, V35, P315 ZHANG Y, 1997, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V149, P59 NR 34 TC 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 900FZ UT ISI:000227202100006 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Ferrer, E Reynosa-Zapata, I Perez-Torres, Y Tortoriello, J TI The secretagogue effect of the poison from Centruroides limpidus limpidus on the pancreas of mice and the antagonistic action of the Bouvardia ternifolia extract SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bouvardia ternifolia; Centruroides limpidus limpidus; pancreatitis; amylase; albumin; antagonization by Bouvardia ternif. extract ID URSOLIC ACID; HEMORRHAGIC-PANCREATITIS; SCORPION-VENOM; MAST-CELLS; INHIBITION; PERMEABILITY; SECRETION; TOXIN AB In Mexican traditional medicine the plant species Bouvardia ternifolia is used as remedy to treat patients who have been stung by scorpions. In the preceding study, the methanol extract from the roots of this plant was capable of reducing the poisonous effect of Centruroides limpidus limpidtts on mice. The poisoning from scorpion C limpidus limpidus includes manifestations associated with the pancreatitis. This study evaluated the effect produced by the hexane and methanol extract from the root of B. ternifolia upon the acutely inflamed pancreas induced by the venom of C limpidtts limpidus on rats, and the release of amylase in the isolated pancreas of mice. The intravenous administration of venom induced the extravasation of labelled albumin, in a dose dependant manner. The pre-administration of both extracts of Bouvardia ternifolia reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the extravasation by 60%. Upon measuring the secretagogue effect of the venom in the isolated pancreas of mice, the EC50 of the venom was 3.76 x 10(-3) mg ml(-1), whilst in the presence of the methanol and hexane extracts, this EC50 was 9.13 x 10(-3) mg ml(-1) and 0.01629 mg ml(-1). In conclusion, the C limpidus limpidus venom possesses a secretagogue effect of amylase on the pancreas of mice and produces an inflamed pancreas which is effectively antagonised by the hexane and methanol extracts from the roots of B. ternifolia. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jtortora2@yahoo.es CR BALANEHRU S, 1992, BIOCHEM INT, V28, P735 BOEWDEN JJ, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P8964 CLOSA D, 1993, PROSTAGLANDINS, V45, P315 DEHESADAVILA M, 1995, CLIN TOXICOLOGY ANIM, P221 DIB M, 2002, PANCREATOLOGY, V2, P396 FLETCHER MD, 1994, CELL TISSUE RES, V278, P255 GALLAGHER S, 1981, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V80, P970 HARUNA AK, 1995, INDIAN J PHARM SCI, V57, P222 HARVEY MH, 1987, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V93, P1296 HUTT MJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P97 JIMENEZFERRER E, 1999, PLANTAS MED MEXICANA, P109 LEBRETON F, 1994, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V33, P11135 LIU J, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V49, P57 MATOS IM, 1999, EUR J PHARMACOL, V368, P231 MONTOYACABRERA MA, 1996, GAC MED MEX, V132, P645 NONAKA A, 1992, DIGEST DIS SCI, V37, P274 POSSANI LD, 1991, J BIOL CHEM, V266, P3178 RAMIREZ AN, 1988, TOXICON, V32, P479 SARIA A, 1983, J NEUROSCI METH, V8, P41 SIMON A, 1992, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1125, P68 SONG AM, 2002, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V283, G1166, DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00370.2001 TSURUGA T, 1991, CHEM PHARM BULL, V39, P3276 YAMAGUCHI H, 1989, PANCREAS, V4, P565 YING QL, 1991, BIOCHEM J, V277, P521 ZHOU C, 1993, J CLIN PHARM SCI, V2, P69 NR 25 TC 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898YT UT ISI:000227112800010 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Ferrer, JE Perez-Teran, YY Roman-Ramos, R Tortoriello, J TI Antitoxin activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine against scorpion poisoning SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE scorpion; medicinal plants; Centruroides limpidus limpidus; Bouvardia ternifolia; Aristolochia elegans; Vitex mollis ID LIMPIDUS LIMPIDUS KARSCH; TERPENOID OXIDE PRESENT; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARISTOLOCHIA-ELEGANS; ESSENTIAL OILS; VENOM; SECRETION; ALKALOIDS; TOXIN AB Scorpions, especially in urban areas of tropical and subtropical regions, present a common risk of poisoning. In Mexico, scorpion envenomation is considered a public health problem. Despite the frequency of scorpion sting cases, there are to date no uniform criteria for their treatment. In Mexican traditional medicine, different plant species have been widely used as a remedy for treating scorpion poisoning. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Bouvardia ternifolia, Aristolochia elegans and Vitex rnollis extracts on Centruroides limpidus limpidus venom lethality in mice, and to determine their antagonist activity on guinea pig ileum. The hexane and methanol extract from B. ternifolia modified the LD50 of C. limpidus limpidus venom from 0.750 +/- 0.08 to 1.64 +/- 0.19 and 1.16 +/- 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. The extracts of A. elegans produced lower antitoxic activity, while extracts of V mollis did not show any protection. On in vitro test, addition of B. ternifblia and A. elegans extracts strongly inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the ileum contractions induced by venom. In general, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of these two plant species in modifying the lethality of C. limpidus limpidus venom in mice. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, IMSS, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM jtortora2@yahoo.es CR *INI, 1994, ATL PLANT MED TRAD M, V2, P537 ABROUG F, 1999, LANCET, V354, P906 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P176 BAYTELMAN GB, 1980, ETNOBOTANICA ESTADO, P280 CALDERONARANDA ES, 1993, TOXICON, V31, P327 CATTERALL WA, 1986, ANNU REV BIOCHEM, V55, P953 DEHESADAVILA M, 1986, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V28, P83 DEHESADAVILA M, 1995, CLIN TOXICOLOGY ANIM, P221 DSUZE G, 1999, TOXICON, V37, P173 ELSEBAKHY NA, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P2706 GALLAGHER S, 1981, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V80, P970 HERNANDEZ F, 1969, OBRAS COMPLETAS, V3 HUANG YB, 1999, BIOL PHARM BULL, V22, P642 HUTT MJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P97 ISMAIL M, 1995, TOXICON, V33, P825 JOVER E, 1980, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V95, P1607 JUERGENS UR, 1998, EUR J MED RES, V17, P407 KUHNT M, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P533 KUPELI E, 2002, LIFE SCI, V72, P645 LAHLOU S, 2002, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V80, P1125, DOI 10.1139/Y02-142 LEBRETON F, 1994, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V33, P11135 LENFELD J, 1986, PHARMAZIE, V41, P268 LIU J, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V49, P57 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MARTIN BM, 1994, BIOCHEM J, V304, P51 MARTIN S, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P533 MATOS IM, 1997, BIOCH PHYSL, V118, P143 MATOS IM, 1999, EUR J PHARMACOL, V368, P231 MONTOYACABRERA MA, 1996, GAC MED MEX, V132, P645 MORS WB, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V55, P627 NIETO AR, 1996, TOXICON, V34, P913 OLAMENDIPORTUGAL T, 1996, BIOCHEM J 3, V315, P977 PARK TJ, 2003, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V65, P83 PEREIRA P, 1998, VIS TECNOL, V6, P5 POSSANI LD, 1991, J BIOL CHEM, V266, P3178 RAMIREZ AN, 1988, KARSCH TOXICON, V32, P479 RASTRELLI L, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P1065 SADRAEI H, 2001, PHYTOMEDICINE, V8, P370 SANTOS FA, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P240 SANTOS FA, 2001, DIGEST DIS SCI, V46, P331 SHIVANAND D, 1977, J AM CHEM SOC, V99, P8040 SOTNIKOVA R, 1997, METHOD FIND EXP CLIN, V19, P589 TACHIKAWA E, 2000, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V60, P433 VILA R, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V46, P1127 VISHWANATH BS, 1987, TOXICON, V25, P939 NR 45 TC 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 122 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 898YT UT ISI:000227112800018 ER PT J AU Guzman, E Gonzalez, R Flores, S Zavala, J Rosado, ME Perez, S TI Activity of Senna villosa against Trypanosoma cruzi SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Senna villosa; Trypanosoma cruzi ID TRYPANOCIDAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS AB Methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts from Senna villosa were tested in vitro against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methanol and chloroform extracts were found to possess significant activity against both forms of the parasite, while chloroform extract at doses of 1.65, 3.3, and 6.6 mug/mL demonstrated activity similar to gentian violet and allopurinol. C1 Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Lab Biol Celular, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Biol, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Virol Lab, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Guzman, E, Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Lab Biol Celular, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. CR ARAUJO CAC, 1999, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V94, P791 BASTOS JK, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P541 BORRIS RP, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V51, P29 BOYD MR, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V51, P17 CASTILLA JJ, 1996, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V46, P990 DEARAUJOJORGE TC, 1989, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V84, P441 DEARIAS AR, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V45, P35 DECASTRO SL, 1993, ACTA TROP, V53, P83 FOURNET A, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V41, P19 FREIBURGHAUS F, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P1 HOEL P, 1984, ESTADISTICA ELEMENTA, P290 LEVIN J, 1979, FUNDAMENTOS ESTADIST, P164 MUELASSERRANO S, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V71, P101 NOZAKI T, 1991, J PROTOZOOL, V38, P234 OSUNA A, 1990, CELL DIFFER DEV, V30, P89 RIVAS P, 1999, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V122, P27 SANCHEZMORENO M, 1995, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V133, P119 SCHMIDT TJ, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P750 SEPULVEDABOZA S, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P98 VONBRAND T, 1980, AM J DIGEST, P319 NR 20 TC 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 504 EP 507 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 889LR UT ISI:000226445000006 ER PT J AU Hernandez, T Canales, M Avila, JG Garcia, AM Martinez, A Caballero, J de Vivar, AR Lira, R TI Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae) SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal diseases; antibacterial activity; Lantana achyranthifolia ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CAMARA AB The essential oil of the aerial parts of Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae) was examined by GC and GC-MS. Eighteen constituents were identified. Carvacrol. 1,8-cincole, isocaryophyllene, beta-bisabolene and alpha-bisabolol were found to be the major components. The oil exhibited antibacterial activity against fourteen Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Istacala, UBIPRO, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot Exterior, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hernandez, T, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Istacala, UBIPRO, Lab Fitoquim, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico. EM tzasna@servidor.unam.mx CR ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR AVILA JG, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P75 BARRE JT, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V45, P321 CIMANGA K, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P213 DEENA MJ, 2000, FITOTERAPIA, V71, P453 GHISALBERTI EL, 2000, FITOTERAPIA, V71, P467 HARBORNE JB, 1995, ANTHOCYANINS FLAVONO, V7, P639 HERNANDEZ T, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V88, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00213-7 JUVEN BJ, 1994, J APPL BACTERIOL, V76, P626 KIM JM, 1995, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V43, P2839 KNOBLOCH L, 1985, PROGR ESSENTIAL OIL, P429 LENNETTE HE, 1987, MANUAL MICROBIOLOGIA, P336 MCGAW LJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P247 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, METHODS PLANT BIOCHE, P47 NR 14 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 889EZ UT ISI:000226427600027 ER PT J AU Del Angel-Perez, AL Mendoza, MA TI Totonac homegardens and natural resources in Veracruz, Mexico SO AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES LA English DT Article DE backyard orchards; family reproduction; homegardens; indigenous ecology; natural resource conservation ID AGRICULTURE; GARDENS; LABOR AB The Totonac homegarden is a traditionally designed agroecosystem mixing different elements, such as cultivated and wild plants, and livestock. Our objective was to understand the role and importance of homegardens as a strategy for subsistence and natural resources management. Anthropological fieldwork was carried out in Coxquihui, Veracruz, Mexico, a Totonac community. Conventional sampling using a questionnaire yielded a sample of 40 individuals, each representing a family group. Personal interviews, life stories, observations, and field transects enriched survey information. Fieldwork permitted identification of four types of Totonac homegardens: backyards, cropping fields, acahuales or fallow fields, and fences or field edges. Each of these gardens yields an array of products and services important for several cultural roles and natural resource management aims. Totonacs see land as the dominant and most critical resource. A great deal of terrain is steeply sloped and soils are poor. Homegardens play a key role in a production system that minimizes these site limitations, striking a balance between resource maintenance and subsistence needs. Their functions are ecological, to foster a multistrata vegetation cover, and a continuous supply of organic matter to the soil; economic, serving as living storehouses where diverse products (food, timber, firewood, forage, animals, ceremonial supplies, medicinal products), are kept through the annual cycle; and social, performing various social roles such as growing medicinal, ritual, and edible plants, thus supporting beliefs and culture continuity. Studies like this contribute to a better understanding of Totonac culture and native ecology, and give ideas for a better land management. C1 Colegio Postgrad, Veracruz 91700, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Mendoza, MA, Colegio Postgrad, Apdo Postal 421, Veracruz 91700, Mexico. EM martinmendoza@yahoo.com CR *FAO, 1997, SPEC B FAO, V3 *INEGI, 1995, CONT 95 POBL VIV *INEGI, 1995, SINT NOM EST VER ACEVES JLE, 1998, TECNICAS INVESTIGACI, P207 ALTIERI MA, 2002, AGROECOLOGICAL INNOV, P40 ALVAREZ M, 1997, INFORME FUNDACION RO ANDERSON EN, 1993, BIOTICA NUEVA EPOCA, V1, P1 ARIAS HR, 1994, BASE ESTADISTICA MUN BERKES F, 1993, ECOLOGICAL EC, V5, P1 BUNNING S, 1996, FARMERS RIGHTS CONSE CABALLERO J, 1992, ETNOECOLOGICA, V1, P35 CHALLENGER A, 1998, UTILIZACION CONSERVA CLAWSON DL, 1985, ECON BOT, V39, P56 COLCHESTER M, 1997, SOCIAL CHANGE CONSER, P97 COLFER CJP, 1988, AGR SYST, V26, P191 CRAMB RA, 1989, AGR SYST, V29, P97 DELANGEL PAL, 1991, 4 REUN AN I INV FOR DELANGEL PAL, 1999, THESIS COLEGIO POSTG DOGRA B, 1983, ECOLOGIST, V13, P84 EVANGELISTA OV, 1987, CALENDARIOS AGR CUAT FREEMAN M, 1984, ECOLOGIST, V14, P150 GARCIA E, 1988, MODIFICACIONES SISTE GATTI LM, 2002, REGIONES INDIGENAS E, P47 GLIESSMAN SR, 1981, AGROECOSYSTEMS, V7, P173 GLIESSMAN SR, 1990, SUSTAINABLE AGR SYST GLIESSMAN SR, 2000, AGROECOLOGY ECOLOGIC GOMEZPOMPA A, 1990, ALTERNATIVES DEFORES, P43 GOMEZPOMPA A, 1998, C MAG 7 C LAT BOT 14 GOODENOUGH WH, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V104, P814 GURVEN M, 2002, J ANTHROPOL RES, V58, P93 HAENN N, 2002, ETHNOLOGY, V41, P1 HERRERACASTRO ND, 1993, BIOTICA NUEVA EPOCA, V1, P19 HOLDEN ST, 1996, AGR SYST, V49, P237 JACKSON DL, 2002, FARM NATURAL HABITAT JACOBSHUEY L, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V104, P791 JARVIS DI, 2000, TRAINING GUIDE IN SI JIMENEZOSORNIO JJ, 1994, DISENO ESTABLECIMIEN KORATAYEV A, 2003, J ANTHROPOL RES, V59, P69 LUCERO LJ, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V105, P531 MILLS MB, 2003, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V32, P41 NAIR PKR, 1989, AGROFOREST SYST, P567 NINEZ V, 1987, AGR SYST, V23, P167 OGATA N, 1993, BIOTICA, V1, P103 ORTEGA LM, 1993, BIOTICA, V1, P35 PAZ MC, 1995, BOSQUES GENTE ASPECT PRETTY JN, 2002, AGR RECONECTING PEOP PRICE N, 1991, SISTEMAS AGROFORESTA RAMACHANDRAN NPK, 1997, AGROFORESTERIA RICKER M, 1998, BOT EC BOSQUES TROPI RICOGRAY V, 1990, ECON BOT, V44, P470 ROMANCUESTA RM, 2004, J FOREST, V102, P26 SALAM MA, 1994, FOOD NUTR B, V16 SALZMAN PC, 2002, AM ANTHROPOL, V104, P805 SCHMINK M, 1995, BOSQUES GENTE ASPECT STUART JW, 1993, BIOTICA NEUVA EPOCA, V1, P53 TOBAR F, 2001, ORG SOLIDARIAS GESTI TOLEDO VM, 2003, ECOLOGIA ESPIRITUALI TOWNSEND CR, 2003, ESSENTIALS ECOLOGY UPHOFF N, 2002, AGROECOLOGICAL INNOV URESTI GJ, 1992, 5 REUN CIENT SECT AG, P83 VARELA HS, 1998, CICL C SECT FOR MEX, P29 VINES G, 2001, DIVERSITY DOWN FARM, P9 NR 62 TC 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0889-048X J9 AGRIC HUMAN VALUES JI Agric. Human Values PD WIN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 329 EP 346 PG 18 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; Sociology GA 889RC UT ISI:000226459100005 ER PT J AU Herrera-Arellano, A Aguilar-Santamaria, L Garcia-Hernandez, B Nicasio-Torres, P Tortoriello, J TI Clinical trial of Cecropia obtusifolia and Marrubium vulgare leaf extracts on blood glucose and serum lipids in type 2 diabetics SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus type 2; Cecropia obtusifolia; Marrubium vulgare; antilipemic agent; hypoglycemic agent ID INSULIN; MELLITUS; THERAPY AB Cecropia obtusifolia and Marrubium vulgare have been widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the control of type 2 diabetes. In order to evaluate the clinical effect produced by the aqueous extract from these species on type 2 non-controlled diabetes mellitus, a total of 43 outpatients were included. Based on the European NIDDM (policy group) criteria, only patients with poor response to the conventional treatment were selected. All patients maintained their medical treatment and also received a prepared infusion of the dry leaves of the plant treatment for 21 days. In a double-blind manner, the patients were randomly grouped as follows: 22 patients were treated with C obtusifolia and 21 with M. vulgare. The fasting blood glucose values were reduced by 15.25% on patients treated with C obtusifolia, while cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased by 14.62% and 42.0%, respectively (ANOVA p < 0.02). In the case of patients treated with M. vulgare, the plasma glucose level was reduced by 0.64% and cholesterol and triglycerides by 4.16% and 5.78%, respectively. When the results were compared between groups, significant differences in glucose and cholesterol diminution were found. The obtained results showed that the infusion prepared with the leaves of C obtusifolia (containing 2.99 +/- 0.14 mg of chlorogenic acid/g of dried plant) produced beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms when it was administered as an adjunct on patients with type 2 diabetes with poor response to conventional medical treatment. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Gen Reg 1, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Herrera-Arellano, A, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. EM armandoha_mx@yahoo.com.mx CR *SECR SAL, 2000, REV MED IMSS, V38, P477 ALBERTI KGM, 1988, DIABETIC MED, V5, P275 ANDRADECETTO A, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P145 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR DEJESUS RAP, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P111 DONNELLY R, 2000, BRIT MED J, V320, P1062 ELBARDAI S, 2001, CLIN EXP HYPERTENS, V23, P329 ELBARDAI S, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P75 FREITAG M, 1999, FEED MAGAZINE, V2, P49 JAOUHARI JT, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P211 LOPEZALVARENGA JC, 1999, DIABETES OBES METAB, V1, P29 MUGHAL MA, 2000, J PAK MED ASS, V50, P381 NOVAES AP, 2001, THERAPIE, V56, P427 PEREZGUERRERO C, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P279 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROSEN ED, 2000, J CLIN INVEST, V106, P629 SAHPAZ S, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V79, P389 SALAS I, 1987, REV BIOL TROP, V35, P127 VANDERJAGT TJ, 2002, LIFE SCI, V70, P1035 WOLFFENBUTTEL BHR, 2000, DIABETIC MED, V17, P40 YAMASAKI Y, 1997, TOHOKU J EXP MED, V183, P173 NR 22 TC 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 7-8 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 887OM UT ISI:000226315400001 ER PT J AU Alcaraz-Melendez, L Delgado-Rodriguez, J Real-Cosio, S TI Analysis of essential oils from wild and micropropagated plants of damiana (Turnera diffusa) SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE Damiana; Turnera diffusa; essential oils AB Darmana is a medicinal plant with many traditional uses and a reputation as an aphrodisiac. Essential oils produced by this plant are used in traditional medicine, and for the preparation of liquors and tea. The composition of essential oils from wild damiana, plants grown with micropropagated methods involving cell suspension, and explants in solid medium, is presented. Relevant differences are observed in oils coming from wild and micropropagated plants, where micropropagated plants being more uniform with respect to quality and quantity. The most abundant constituents of the oils were caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, elemene and 1,8-cineol. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CIBNOR, Programa Agr Zonas Aridas, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. RP Alcaraz-Melendez, L, CIBNOR, Programa Agr Zonas Aridas, POB 128, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. EM lalcaraz04@cibnor.mx CR ALCARAZMELENDEZ L, 1994, PLANT CELL REP, V13, P679 ALCARAZMELENDEZ L, 2002, SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM, V96, P293 DIAZRONDERO AJ, 1987, PLANT CELL TISSUE OR, V10, P39 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1976, PLANTA MED, V30, P68 DUKE JA, PHYTOCHEMICAL ETHNOB DUKE JA, 1992, HDB PHYTOCHEMICAL CO, P610 DUKE JA, 2001, HDB MED MINTS FOSTER S, 1989, HERBS SPICES MED PLA, V4, P115 JOHNSON T, 1999, CRC ETHNOBOTANY DESK, P855 LEUNG AY, 1996, ENCY COMMON NATURAL, P204 MURCH SJ, 2001, DEV PLANT BASED MED, P107 WIGGINS IL, 1980, FLORA BAJA CALIFORNI, P817 NR 12 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 7-8 BP 696 EP 701 PG 6 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 879RZ UT ISI:000225737900012 ER PT J AU Arroyo, ARC Chacon, BL Maki, KA TI Screening and selection of plants by positive pharmacologic effect on jejunum muscular contractility SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE muscle contractility; pharmacologic effect; Bidens pilosa linn.; Eysenhardtia polystachya Sarg.; Lepidium virginicum L.; Litsea glaucescens HBK; Satureja macrostema Benth.; Mirabilis jalapa Linn.; Sophora secundiflora Lag.; Tagetes micrantha Cav. ID MIRABILIS-JALAPA L; RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE EXTRACTS; BIDENS-PILOSA ASTERACEAE; SOPHORA-SECUNDIFLORA; EYSENHARDTIA-POLYSTACHYA; ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; AQUEOUS EXTRACT AB Eight medicinal plant extracts (Bidens pilosa Linn, Eysenhardtia polystachya Sarg, Lepidium virginicum L., Litsea glaucescens H.B.K., Mirabilis jalapa Linn., Satureja macrostema Brieq., Sophora secundiflora Lag, and Tagetes micrantha Cav.) were tested for their effect on jejunum muscular contractility All showed inhibitory activity and extracts of M. jalapa and S. macrostema exhibited highest activity with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 18 and 73 mug/mL, respectively. Thus, we could corroborate some common traditional uses afforded to these plants. Flowers (petals, calices, and buds) of M. jalapa were the most active part of the plant. We obtained a semipurified sample of the flowers that was more or less five times more active than the crude extract. Furthermore, beta-sitosterol, a compound reported as constitutive of M. jalapa, showed no effect on jejunum contractility. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sist Biol, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Arroyo, ARC, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sist Biol, Calzada Hueso 1100,Col Villa Quietud, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. EM cortesar@correo.xoc.uam.mx CR *ICMR, 1987, MED PLANTS IND ABDELBAKY AM, 1985, B PHARM SCI ASSIUT U, V8, P99 ABDELBAKY AM, 1989, B FS ASSIUT U, V18, P63 AHMAD MS, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P2247 ALVAREZ A, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P333 ALVAREZ L, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P355 ALVAREZ L, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P767 ALVAREZ L, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V50, P681 BEHARI M, 1976, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V41, P295 BELTRAMI E, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2931 BOURN WM, 1979, LIFE SCI, V25, P1043 BRANDAO MGL, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V57, P131 BRANDAO MGL, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V48, P397 BURNS DT, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P167 CAMMUE BPA, 1992, J BIOL CHEM, V267, P2228 CARBAJAL D, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V33, P21 CHANG JS, 2001, AM J CHINESE MED, V29, P303 CHAVEZ PI, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P735 CHIFUNDERA K, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P197 DEBOLLE MFC, 1995, PLANT MOL BIOL, V28, P713 DEBOLLE MFC, 1996, PLANT MOL BIOL, V31, P993 DIMO T, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P179 DIMO T, 1999, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V322, P323 DIMO T, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P215 ENCARNACIONDIMAYUG, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P124 HABUKA N, 1992, J BIOL CHEM, V267, P7758 IZADDOOST M, 1976, J PHARM SCI, V65, P352 IZADDOOST M, 1979, TEX J SCI, V31, P319 KATAOKA J, 1991, J BIOL CHEM, V266, P8426 KATAOKA J, 1992, PLANT MOL BIOL, V20, P1111 KELLER WJ, 1979, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V18, P2068 KHAN MR, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P662 KNAUER KW, 1995, VET HUM TOXICOL, V37, P237 LASTRA VHA, 2001, REV CUBANA PLANT MED, V1, P28 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 LOPEZ JA, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P198 MAKBOUL AM, 1987, B PHARM SCI ASSIUT U, V10, P47 MARQUEZ AC, 1999, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, V2 MATINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MINHAJ N, 1976, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V27, P2391 NDOUNGA M, 1983, PLANTES MED PHYTOTH, V17, P64 NOMA M, 1994, KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU, V32, P7 OGAWA K, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3657 PEREZ GRM, 2000, J HERBS SPICES MED P, V7, P27 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P144 SARKER SD, 2000, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V28, P591 SASHIDA Y, 1991, CHEM PHARM BULL, V39, P709 SHIRATAKI Y, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V44, P715 SIDDIQUI BS, 1994, PARK J SCI IND RES, V37, P108 SIDDIQUI S, 1990, FITOTERAPIA, V61, P471 STANIC G, 1988, ACTA PHARM JUGOSL, V38, P255 TAMER IM, 1997, PROCESS BIOCHEM, V32, P195 TAN PV, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P415 TANAKA T, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V48, P1187 UBILLAS RP, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P82 VIVANCO JM, 1999, PLANT DIS, V83, P1116 WONG RNS, 1992, BIOCHEM INT, V28, P585 YANG SW, 2001, J NAT PROD, V64, P313 ZAVALA MA, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P368 ZHOU Q, 1996, GUANGPU SHIYANSHI, V13, P18 ZULUETA CA, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V38, P1449 NR 61 TC 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 876JL UT ISI:000225492600005 ER PT J AU Lastra, AL Ramirez, TO Salazar, L Martinez, A Trujillo-Ferrara, J TI The ambrosanolide cumanin inhibits macrophage nitric oxide synthesis: some structural considerations SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide (NO); sesquiterpene lactones; cumanin; anti-inflammatory activity; glutathione (GSH); N-acetyl-cysteine (Nac) ID NF-KAPPA-B; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; SYNTHASE; EXPRESSION; HELENALIN AB Since its role in inflammatory diseases was recognized, nitric oxide (NO) has become an important mediator to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents. Sesquiterpene lactones, which occur in several medicinal plants, inhibit the NO production in macrophage-like cells. This action is probably due to a 1,4 addition reaction between its a,p-unsaturated carbonyl group with sulfhydryl (SH)-containing compounds. For this reason it is believed that these compounds are cytotoxic, which restricts their therapeutic use. In this contribution, the ability of the ambrosanolide-type sesquiterpene lactone cumanin (from the Asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya) to inhibit NO biosynthesis was evaluated in lipopolisaccharide-induced peritoneal murine macrophages and its cytotoxicity was assessed in the MTT assay. Cumanin showed a potent inhibitory effect in NO production (IC50 = 9.38 +/- 0.38 muM) with low cytotoxicity. The 1,4-addition reaction of thiols was slow, which does not explain the inhibition of NO production but does explain the low cytotoxicity of cumanin with respect to other lactones. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Postgrado & Invest, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Farmacobiol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Trujillo-Ferrara, J, Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Med, Secc Estudios Postgrado & Invest, Plan San Luis & Diaz Miron S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM jtrujillo@ipn.mx CR BEEKMAN AC, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P252 CASTRO V, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P591 COCHRAN FR, 1996, MED RES REV, V16, P547 DIRSCH VM, 2000, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V8, P2747 FORSTERMANN U, 1991, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V42, P1849 GIORDANO OS, 1992, J MED CHEM, V35, P2452 HALL IH, 1979, J PHARM SCI, V68, P537 HALL IH, 1980, J PHARM SCI, V69, P537 HALL IH, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P513 HAN JW, 2001, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V133, P503 KERWIN JF, 1995, J MED CHEM, V38, P4343 KIM EJ, 2001, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V61, P903 KIM HL, 1980, RES COMMUN CHEM PATH, V28, P189 OBERTI JC, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1355 PAGE JD, 1987, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V926, P186 PETIT GR, 1974, J MED CHEM, V17, P1013 RODRIGUEZ AM, 1997, J MED CHEM, V40, P1827 ROMO J, 1966, TETRAHEDRON, V22, P1499 RUNGELER P, 1999, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V7, P2343 RYCHLEWSKA V, 1995, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V60, P276 SCHMIDT TJ, 1996, J MOL STRUCT, V385, P99 SCHMIDT TJ, 1997, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V5, P645 SCHMIDT TJ, 1999, BIOORGAN MED CHEM, V7, P2849 TAIHYUN K, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P400 WONG HR, 1999, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V262, P375 NR 25 TC 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 871SU UT ISI:000225154500019 ER PT J AU Camargo, MEM Berdeja, B Miranda, G TI Diuretic effect of the aqueous extract of Bidens odorata in the rat SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water excretion; saluretic effect; Bidens odorata; Compositae ID RENAL FUNCTIONS; PLANTS AB The aerial part of Bidens odorata Cav., are used in Mexican Folk Medicine to treat renal diseases. The aim of this study is to measure the diuretic response to aqueous extract of this plant at doses of 41 and 166 mg/kg and to compare it with that induced by furosemide at 2 mg/kg. Aqueous extracts, furosemide or vehicle were administered orally to adult rats and the effects on sodium, potassium and water balance were assessed. Aqueous extracts at both doses and furosemide produced important and significant increments in urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and water in rats with respect to control group. This increase was dose dependent and aqueous extract at the highest dose induced a more marked sodium and water excretion than furosemide, potassium excretion increased but it was less than the one induced by furosemide. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Bidens odorata induce diuretic response. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Farm, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. RP Camargo, MEM, Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Farm, Prolongac Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N,Apartado 42-186, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM mcamargo@ipn.mx CR *SECR AGR GAN DES, 1999, NOM062ZOO1999 SEC AG ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1, P41 BAJPAI A, 2000, PHARM BIOL, V38, P258 CACERES A, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P233 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1978, METHODOS INVESTIGACI, P39 ECOBICHON DJ, 1992, BASIC TOXICITY TESTI, P50 HARVEY AM, 1966, J PHYSL, V184, P883 HERNANDEZ J, 1984, PLANTAS MED DURANGO, V1, P25 HORISBERGER JD, 1987, RENAL PHYSIOL BIOCH, V10, P198 JACKSON EK, 2001, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P755 LITCHFIELD JK, 1949, J PHARM EXPT THERAPE, V79, P97 MARTINEZ M, 1996, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P21 MELENDEZ E, 1990, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V14, P125 MELENDEZ E, 1991, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V17, P210 NAIK VR, 1981, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V3, P15 RZEDOWSKI J, 1979, CONTINENTAL, V1, P43 SRIPANIDKULCHAI B, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V75, P185 NR 17 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 871SU UT ISI:000225154500040 ER PT J AU Reyes-Chilpa, R Rivera, J Oropeza, M Mendoza, P Amekraz, B Jankowski, C Campos, M TI Methanol extracts of Hamelia patens containing oxindole alkaloids relax KCl-induced contraction in rat myometrium SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hamelia patens; Rubiaceae; medicinal plant; oxindole alkaloid; rat myometrium; Mexico ID MECHANISMS AB Hamelia patens JAQC. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal bush widely distributed in tropical areas of the American continent. It is used in Mexican Traditional Medicine for the treatment of menstrual disorders, therefore suggesting that its chemical constituents may have some effect on myometrium contractility. Physiological effects might differ due to quantitative variations in the content of alkaloids arisisng from its wide geographical distribution. To test this hypothesis, the content of oxindole alkaloids in methanol extracts of five different samples collected in Mexico was quantified by GC-MS. Each extract was assayed on contractility of estrogen-primed rat myometrium. Variations in the content of alkaloids were observed among the different samples. All samples relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner the high KCI-induced contraction in rat myometrium. Those which lack rumberine and/or maruquine displayed a higher relaxant effect than samples containing them, suggesting that these alkaloids might counteract the effects of isopteropodine. However, in contrast with verapamil, Hamelia patens metanol extracts are poor relaxants. C1 Hosp Especialidades Ctr Med La Raza, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Inst Mexicano Suguro Social, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol, Mexico City 03100, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Estac Biol Trop Los Tuxtlas, Inst Biol, San Andres Tuxtla 95701, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Moncton, Dept Chim & Biochem, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. RP Campos, M, Hosp Especialidades Ctr Med La Raza, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Inst Mexicano Suguro Social, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol, San Francisco 350-502 Col Valle, Mexico City 03100, DF, Mexico. EM mariagcampos@yahoo.com CR ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR BOLTON TB, 1979, PHYSIOL REV, V59, P606 CANOASSELEITH L, 1997, FLORA MED VERACRUZ, P166 DELCASTILLO J, 1979, ANALES QUIMICA C, V76, P294 DELCASTILLO J, 1981, ANALES QUIMICA C, V78, P180 DELCASTILLO JB, 1979, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V34, P3197 FINCH N, 1963, J AM CHEM SOC, V85, P1520 GARY EM, 1986, J NAT PRODUCTS, V49, P406 GOMEZBELOZ A, 2003, ETHOPHARMACOL, V88, P169 KANG TH, 2002, EUR J PHARMACOL, V444, P39 KEPLINGER K, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P23 LEONTI M, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P1653 MARTINEZ MA, 1997, 27 CUAD I BIOL, P166 MENDOZAMARQUEZ P, 2000, THESIS U NACL AUTONO SHIMADA Y, 1999, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V51, P715 TRUJILLO MM, 2000, LIFE SCI, V66, P2441 WAGNER H, 1984, PLANT DRUG ANAL THIN NR 17 TC 0 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharm. Bull. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1617 EP 1620 PG 4 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 862WN UT ISI:000224522100025 ER PT J AU Herrera-Arellano, A Flores-Romero, S Chavez-Soto, MA Tortoriello, J TI Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hibiscus sabdariffa; Malvaceae; captopril; essential hypertension; controlled and randomized clinical trial; complementary and alternative medicine ID TERT-BUTYL-HYDROPEROXIDE; PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; ANTHOCYANINS; PLANTS; INHIBITION; CAPTOPRIL; BINDING; COPPER; DAMAGE; CELLS AB In order to compare the antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa with captopril, a controlled and randomized clinical trial was done. Patients from 30 to 80 years old with diagnosed hypertension and without antihypertensive treatment for at least 1 month before were included. The experimental procedure consisted of the administration of an infusion prepared with 10g of dry calyx from H. sabdariffa on 0.51 water (9.6 mg anthocyanins content), daily before breakfast, or captopril 25 mg twice a day, for 4 weeks. The outcome variables were tolerability, therapeutic effectiveness (diastolic reduction greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg) and, in the experimental group, urinary electrolytes modification. Ninety subjects were included, 15 withdrew from the study due to non-medical reasons; so, the analysis included 39 and 36 patients from the experimental and control group, respectively. The results showed that H. sabdariffa was able to decrease the systolic blood pressure (BP) from 139.05 to 123.73 mm Hg (ANOVA p < 0.03) and the diastolic BP from 90.81 to 79.52 mm Hg (ANOVA p < 0.06). At the end of the study, there were no significant differences between the BP detected in both treatment groups (ANOVA p > 0.25). The rates of therapeutic effectiveness were 0.7895 and 0.8438 with H. sabdariffa and captopril, respectively (X-2, p > 0.560), whilst the tolerability was 100% for both treatments. A natriuretic effect was observed with the experimental treatment. The obtained data confirm that the H. sabdariffa extract, standardized on 9.6 mg of total anthocyanins, and captopril 50 mg/day, did not show significant differences relative to hypotensive effect, antihypertensive effectiveness, and tolerability. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Gen Reg Lic, IMSS, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, CMN Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med & Enfermedades Neurol, Lab Plantas Med, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Herrera-Arellano, A, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM armandoha-mx@yahoo.com.mx CR *SECR SAL, 2001, REVM ED IMSS, V39, P67 ADEGUNLOYE BJ, 1996, AFR J MED MED SCI, V25, P235 AQUINO DY, 1998, EFECTO PROTECTOR HIB, P262 BAHORUN T, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P323 BHAASKARA RMP, 1945, P INDIAN ACAD SCI, V22, P289 BROWN MJ, 2000, DRUGS S2, V59, P1 CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2001, PHYTOMEDICINE, V8, P59 CABALLEROGEORGE C, 2002, PLANTA MED, V68, P1066 CHENG JT, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P405 DU XL, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P272 ELMERZABANI MM, 1979, PLANTA MED, V36, P150 FULEKI T, 1968, J FOOD SCI, V33, P78 GERBER JG, 1992, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P784 GOWALI FM, 1982, STAIN TECHNOL, V57, P57 GUO MY, 1986, ZHONG YAO TONG BAO, V11, P30 HAJIFARAJI M, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V65, P231 HAMILTON LC, 1993, STAT STATA, V3 HANSAWASDI C, 2000, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V64, P1041 JONADET M, 1990, J PHARM BELG, V45, P120 KAHKONEN MP, 2003, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V51, P628, DOI 10.1021/jf025551i KANNEL WB, 2003, DRUG AGING, V20, P277 LACAILLEDUBOIS MA, 2001, PHYTOMEDICINE, V8, P47 LAZZE MC, 2003, MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN, V535, P103 LECLERE H, 1938, PRESSE MED, V46, P1060 LEE MJ, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P2130 LIN WL, 2003, ARCH TOXICOL, V77, P42, DOI 10.1007/s00204-002-0404-0 LIU CL, 2002, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V40, P635 MEUNIER MT, 1987, PLANTA MED, V53, P12 MULLER BM, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P60 ONYENEKWE PC, 1999, CELL BIOCHEM FUNCT, V17, P196 PERRY LM, 1980, MED PLANTS E SE ASIA RIVEROSERRANO O, 1999, MEDICAMENTOS CLIN, P59 ROCACUSACHS A, 1997, ACTA CARDIOL, V52, P495 ROVESTI P, 1936, FARM ITAL, V3, P13 SALAH AM, 2002, PHYTOTHER RES, V16, P283 SALAMA RB, 1979, PLANTA MED, V36, P221 SANKARA SS, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1518 SANZ MJ, 1992, PHARMAZIE, V47, P466 SHARAF A, 1962, PLANTA MED, V10, P48 STIMPEL M, 1996, J CARDIOVASC PHARM, V28, P769 TSENG TH, 2000, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V60, P307 WANG CJ, 2000, FOOD CHEM TOXICOL, V38, P411 WEINER IM, 1992, GOODMANS GILMANS PHA, P713 WROBEL K, 2000, BIOL TRACE ELEM RES, V78, P271 NR 44 TC 10 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 848XO UT ISI:000223501600001 ER PT J AU Meckes, M David-Rivera, AD Nava-Aguilar, V Jimenez, A TI Activity of some Mexican medicinal plant extracts on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Mexican medicinal plants; anti-inflammatory; edema inhibition; nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid AB The extracts obtained from 14 plants of the Mexican medicinal flora were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The i.p. administration of the extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced a high reduction of edema with 70% of the plant extracts. Oenothera rosea methanol extract, Sphaeralcea angustifolia chloroform extract, Acacia farnesiana, Larrea tridentata and Rubus cordfolius methanol extracts as well as the aqueous extract of Chamaedora tepejilote were demonstrated to be particularly active against the induced hind-paw edema. Moderate inhibition of edema formation was also demonstrated with the methanol extracts of Astianthus viminalis, Brickellia paniculata, C tepejilote and Justicia spicigera. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Productos Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Meckes, M, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Productos Nat, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM meck7707@prodigy.net.mx CR ALANIS AD, 2003, PHYTOTHER RES, V17, P681, DOI 10.1002/ptr.1150 CHATTOPADHYAY RR, 1994, FITOTERAPIA, V65, P146 DAY SH, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P1560 DEEPAK M, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P463 DELLALOGGIA R, 1988, PHARMACOL RES COMMUN, V20, P91 GILIZQUIERDO A, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P5107, DOI 10.1021/jf020162+ HWANG SB, 1986, EUR J PHARMACOL, V120, P33 MARTINEZVAZQUEZ M, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P134 MECKES M, 2002, PLANTA MED, V69, P467 SECOR JB, 1976, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V15, P1703 SKALTSA H, 2000, BIOL PHARM BULL, V23, P47 THIEME H, 1974, WILLD PHARM, V29, P352 VINEGAR R, 1987, FED PROC, V46, P118 WINTER CA, 1962, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V111, P544 NR 14 TC 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 446 EP 451 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 848XO UT ISI:000223501600010 ER PT J AU Herrera-Arellano, A Jimenez-Ferrer, E Vega-Pimentel, AM Martinez-Rivera, MDA Hernandez-Hernandez, M Zamilpa, A Tortoriello, J TI Clinical and mycological evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of solanum chrysotrichum standardized extract on patients with Pityriasis capitis (Dandruff). A double blind and randomized clinical trial controlled with ketoconazole SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Solanum chrysotrichum; solanaceae; Malassezia; Pityriasis capitis; ketoconazole; dandruff; complementary and alternative medicine ID MALASSEZIA-FURFUR; SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS; SKIN; 2-PERCENT; SHAMPOOS; SCALP AB Dandruff (also called Pityriasis capitis) is a seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. It has been correlated with the pathological colonization of the scalp with yeast from the genus Malassezia; this illness has a worldwide distribution and represents 25% of all scalp dermatosis cases. It has been demonstrated that the extract obtained from leaves of the plant Solanum chrysotrichum possesses biological activity against dermatophytes and yeast. Different steroidal saponins with antimycotic activity have been isolated from the active extract. Clinical trials with standardized extracts prepared with this vegetal species report high rates of clinical and mycological effectiveness in the treatment of Tinea pedis, without producing secondary effects. The aim of this randomized, double blind and controlled clinical study, was to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of a shampoo containing a standardized extract of S. chrysotrichum (applied every third day, for 4 weeks), against 2% ketoconazole in the topical treatment of Pityriasis capitis. From a total of 120 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Pityriasis capitis, 14 subjects were eliminated because the presence of Malassezia was not proved, another two patients withdrew from the study due to non-medical causes and one more withdrew because Tinea capitis was diagnosed. Therefore, the final analysis included 51 subjects in the experimental group and 52 in the control; in 45.6% of the cases M. furfur was identified as the pathogenic agent, in 44.66% M. globosa was isolated, and 9.71 % of the patients had a mixed infestation. At the end of the treatment period, the prepared phytopharmaceutical with the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum achieved a clinical effectiveness (total absence of signs and Symptoms produced by Pityriasis capitis) of 92.16%; the mycological effectiveness (absence of Malassezia spp. in the direct examination and culture) was 68.63 %; whilst the tolerability (absence of side effects that prompt subjects to abandon the treatment) was 100%. The therapeutic success (clinical and mycological effectiveness plus tolerability) was 64.71 %. The comparison of these results with that obtained from the group treated with 2% ketoconazole, showed no significant differences (chi(2), p > 0.23). These results show the therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of the standardized extract from S. chrysotrichum on the local treatment of Pityriasis capitis associated with the yeast of the genus Malassezia. C1 IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Hosp Gen Reg 1, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Herrera-Arellano, A, IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. EM armandoha_mx@yahoo.com.mx CR ALVAREZ L, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P372 ARRESE JE, 1996, CUTIS, V58, P235 DANBY FW, 1993, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V29, P1008 DIAZ IA, 2002, MYCOPATHOLOGIA, V153, P71 FITZPATRICH E, 1995, DERMATOLOGIA MED FAM, P380 HARDING CR, 2002, ARCH DERMATOL RES, V294, P221, DOI 10.1007/s00403-002-0323-1 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2003, PLANTA MED, V69, P390 INANIR I, 2002, PEDIATR DERMATOL, V19, P307 KWONCHUNG KJ, 1992, MED MYCOL, P81 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 NAKABAYASHI A, 2000, MED MYCOL, V38, P337 PIERARDFRANCHIMONT C, 2002, SKIN PHARMACOL APPL, V15, P434, DOI 10.1159/000066452 RODER H, 1997, CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL, V7, P15 SAINTLEGER D, 1990, ANN DERMATOL VENER, V117, P23 SATCHELL AC, 2002, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V47, P852, DOI 10.1067/mjd.2002.122734 SCHMIDT A, 1997, CUTIS, V59, P21 SQUIRE RA, 2002, J DERMATOL TREAT, V13, P51 VANCUTSEM J, 1990, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V2, P933 VANGERVEN F, 1995, MYCOSES, V38, P389 YOSHIMURA T, 1995, J DERMATOL TREAT, V6, P113 ZAMILPA A, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1815, DOI 10.1021/np020261h NR 22 TC 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 834JD UT ISI:000222406500001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, M Zamilpa, A Marquina, S Navarro, V Alvarez, L TI Antimycotic spirostanol saponins from Solanum hispidum leaves and their structure-activity relationships SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS; STEROIDAL SAPONINS; SAPOGENINS; CHRYSOTRICHUM AB A new spirostanol saponin, together with three known saponins, were isolated from the leaves of Solanum hispidum. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 6alpha-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-spirostan-3beta -ol (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and HRFABMS). All of the isolated compounds showed antimycotic activity. The most active compound was 6alpha-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl]-(25S)-5a lpha-spirostan-3beta-ol (2) (MIC = 25 mug/mL against both Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum). The structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds and those isolated from S. chrysotrichum are discussed. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Alvarez, L, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Avenida Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM lalvarez@intermor.net.mx CR AGRAWAL PK, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P2479 ALVAREZ L, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P372 BHAKUNI DS, 1969, INDIAN J EXPTL BIOL, V7, P250 CACERES A, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V20, P223 CHAKRAVARTY AK, 1978, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P3875 CHAKRAVARTY AK, 1980, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V19, P1249 CHAKRAVARTY AK, 1981, CAN J CHEM, V59, P1328 CHAKRAVARTY AK, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2083 CHAKRAVARTY AK, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P2843 HERRERAARELLANO A, 2003, J PLANTA MED, V69, P390 RAHALISON L, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P41 RIPOPERGER H, 1968, CHEM BER, V101, P2450 XURITA M, 1987, REV MED IMSS MEXICO, V25, P283 YAHARA S, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V43, P1069 ZAMILPA A, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1815, DOI 10.1021/np020261h ZOLLA C, 1994, MED TRADICIONAL PUEB, V1 ZURITA M, 1986, MEX B SAN PAN, V101, P339 NR 17 TC 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 67 IS 6 BP 938 EP 941 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 832OP UT ISI:000222277100003 ER PT J AU Carro-Juarez, M Cervantes, E Cervantes-Mendez, M Rodriguez-Manzo, G TI Aphrodisiac properties of Montanoa tomentosa aqueous crude extract in male rats SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sexual stimulant; male rat sexual behavior; Mexican plant; traditional remedy; sexual arousal; noncopulators ID GRANDIFLORENIC ACID; COPULATORY-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; ZOAPATLE; FRUTESCENS; OXYTOCIN; CONTRACTILITY; SYSTEM AB Cihuapatli, the Mexican zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) has an extensive ethnomedical history of use as a traditional remedy for reproductive impairments. During the study of the ejaculatory function in rats and by testing a set of Mexican plants with medicinal properties, we observed that crude extracts of M tomentosa facilitated ejaculation. Thus, we decided to analyze the possibility that this plant possessed sexual stimulant properties. To that aim, copulatory behavior of sexually active male rats receiving doses of 38, 75 and 150 mg/kg of the aqueous crude extract of M. tomentosa, as it is prepared in traditional medicine, was assessed. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the 75-mg/kg dose of the extract on males with anesthetization of the genital area and on sexual behavior of sexually inactive male rats (noncopulators). Results showed that acute oral administration of crude extracts of M tomentosa facilitates expression of sexual behavior in sexually active male rats, significantly increases mounting behavior in genitally anesthetized animals and induces the expression of sexual behavior in noncopulating males. Altogether, these data reveal a facilitatory action of this extract on sexual activity and particularly on sexual arousal. Present findings provide experimental evidence that the crude extract preparation of M. tomentosa, used as a traditional remedy, possesses aphrodisiac properties. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Autonoma Tlaxcala, Escuela Med Vet & Zootecn, Lab Comportamiento Reprod, Tlaxcala, Mexico. CINVESTAV, IPN, Dept Farmacobiol, Tlalpan 14330, Mexico. RP Carro-Juarez, M, Univ Autonoma Tlaxcala, Escuela Med Vet & Zootecn, Lab Comportamiento Reprod, CP 90000,AP 484, Tlaxcala, Mexico. EM miguel_carro@hotmail.com.mx CR ARLETTI R, 1999, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V143, P15 BEACH FA, 1956, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO BEJAR E, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V11, P87 BEJAR E, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P329 CLARK JT, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P487 CROWLEY WR, 1973, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V10, P391 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1983, J CHROMATOGR, V258, P297 ESTRADACAMARENA E, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V28, P830, DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300097 GALLEGOS AJ, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P211 GALLEGOS AJ, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P487 GESSA GL, 1979, SCIENCE, V204, P203 GIMPL G, 2001, PHYSIOL REV, V81, P629 GONZALEZ A, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P509 GUZMANDURAN A, 1988, ARCH INVEST MED, V19, P157 HAHN DW, 1981, CONTRACEPTION, V23, P133 HAHN DW, 1984, CONTRACEPTION, V30, P39 HUGHES AM, 1987, BRAIN RES, V414, P133 IVELL R, 1997, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V424, P253 LANDGREN BM, 1979, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V135, P480 LEVINE SD, 1981, J REPROD MED, V26, P524 LOZOYA X, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P267 MEISEL EL, 1994, PHYSL REPROD, V2, P4 PEDRON N, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P499 PEDRON N, 1988, CONTRACEPTION, V38, P373 PERUSQUIA M, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P543 PONCEMONTER H, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P239 RODRIGUEZMANZO G, 2002, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V131, P47 SANDRONI P, 2001, CLIN AUTON RES, V11, P303 SMITH JB, 1981, LIFE SCI, V28, P2743 SOUTHAM L, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P255 STEFANICK ML, 1987, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V41, P439 VALENCIA A, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V18, P89 WANI MC, 1983, J MED CHEM, V26, P426 WENS A, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P523 NR 34 TC 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 78 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 827ZH UT ISI:000221941700015 ER PT J AU Barragan-Huerta, BE Peralta-Cruz, J Gonzalez-Laredo, RF Karchesy, J TI Neocandenatone, an isoflavan-cinnamylphenol quinone methide pigment from Dalbergia congestiflora SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dalbergia congestiflora; Leguminosae; campineran; isoflavan-cinnamylphenol; heartwood pigment ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CANDENATENSIS; ODORIFERA; HEARTWOOD; THAILAND AB A purple pigment neocandenatone (vestitol[6-->9";7O-->7"]obtusaquinone) was isolated from the heartwood of campinceran (Dalbergia congestiflora), an endemic Mexican tree. The isoflavan-cinnamyl phenol quinone methide structure of this compound was elucidated by HRMS, IR, and H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopic analysis, including 2D experiments (COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HSQC). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Quim, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Durango, Mexico City 03400, DF, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Peralta-Cruz, J, IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Quim, Prolongac Carpio & Plan Ayala, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM javier_fosfolano@hotmail.com CR ANSARI MA, 2000, BIORESOURCE TECHNOL, V73, P207 BARRAGANHUERTA BE, 1995, REV LATINOAMERICANA, V6, P31 BARRAGANHUERTA BE, 1998, REV INT INFORMACION, V9, P117 BEKKER M, 2002, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V59, P415 CZAKO M, 2001, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V57, P1013 DEWICK PM, 1994, ADV RES 1986, P117 DONNELLY DMX, 1994, FLAVONOIDS ADV RES 1, P239 GEIGER H, 1988, FLAVONOIDS, P389 GODA Y, 1992, CHEM PHARM BULL, V40, P2452 GREGSON M, 1978, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V17, P1395 HAMBURGER MO, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P696 HAMBURGER MO, 1988, J ORG CHEM, V53, P4161 OLLIS WD, 1964, U ANAIS ACAD BRASILE, V36, P31 YAHARA S, 1989, CHEM PHARM BULL, V37, P979 ZHAO Q, 2000, J CHINESE PHARM SCI, V9, P1 NR 15 TC 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 2004 VL 65 IS 7 BP 925 EP 928 PG 4 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 816UR UT ISI:000221135300021 ER PT J AU Astudillo, A Hong, E Bye, R Navarrete, A TI Antispasmodic activity of extracts and compounds of Acalypha phleoides Cav. SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acalypha phleoides; antispasmodic; Mexican traditional medicine; thymol; camphor; gamma-terpinene ID PLANTS; GUATEMALA AB The aerial parts of Acalypha phleoides are usually prescribed in the Mexican traditional medicine for a variety of gastrointestinal complaints. The MeOH-CHCl3 (1:1) extract of the aerial part of A. phleoides showed an inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal propulsion of a charcoal meal in mice. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, this extract produced a concentration dependent inhibition of the contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, but it was unable to inhibit the contractions elicited by acetylcholine, histamine, KCl and BaCl2. This extract produced also a concentration dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum. This inhibitory activity was partially blocked by propranolol. The essential oil, obtained from the aerial part of this plant, was more potent than the MeOH-CHCl3 (1:1) extract in inhibiting the spontaneous pendular movement of the rabbit jejunum. Thymol, camphor and gamma-terpinene were identified from the essential oil by GC-MS. These monoterpenes showed antispasmodic activity in the rabbit jejunum preparation, thymol was the most active compound, followed by camphor and gamma-terpinene. Thymol and camphor in high concentrations also showed tracheal relaxant properties, but gamma-terpinene did not. These in vivo and in vitro results tend to support the traditional use of A. phleoides as an antispasmodic agent. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst polytech Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Biofis, Caseo Santo Tomas, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Farmacobiol, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 14330, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Biol, Jardin Bot Exterior, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Navarrete, A, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM anavarrt@servidor.unam.mx CR *SSA, 2000, FARM EST UN MEX AGUILAR CA, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC BUDHOO MR, 1994, SURGERY, V116, P396 CACERES A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P263 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CHAPUIS JC, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P273 FOXXORENSTEIN AE, 1996, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V111, P1281 GUPTA MP, 1995, 270 PLANTAS MED IBER HOFFMAN BB, 2001, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P115 RZEDOWSKI J, 1985, FLORA FANEROGAMICA V SAMUELSSON G, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P261 SIMOES CMO, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V22, P281 TADDEI I, 1988, FITOTERAPIA, V59, P463 VANDENBROUCKE CO, 1981, PLANTA MED, V41, P129 WILLIAMSON EM, 1996, PHARM METHODS PHYTOT NR 16 TC 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 803LZ UT ISI:000220233900002 ER PT J AU Blanckaert, I Swennen, RL Flores, MP Lopez, RR Saade, RL TI Floristic composition, plant uses and management practices in homegardens of San Rafael Coxcatlan, Valley of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ethnobotany; in situ conservation; quantitative analysis; rural development; semi-arid ID GARDENS; MIXTEC AB Homegardens preserve much of the local cultural history and reveal information about plant management decisions by individual holders. A survey was conducted in the homegardens of San Rafael Coxcatlan, a rural village in the semi-arid valley of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Mexico. Two hundred and thirty three different plant species were collected in 30 studied homegardens. 65.7% were ornamental, 29.6% edible and 8.6% were medicinal. Sixty eight percent of the plants were cultivated, while 22% were spared and 10% protected. The results confirm that homegardens are rich in biodiversity and are interesting for ethnobotanical research. Moreover, they need to be considered for in situ conservation and development programs in future. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Recursos Nat, Mexico City 54090, DF, Mexico. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Lab Trop Crop Improvement, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Saade, RL, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, UBIPRO, Lab Recursos Nat, Av Barrio 1, Mexico City 54090, DF, Mexico. EM isabelle.blanckaert@advalvas.be rlira@servidor.unam.mx CR *UN, 2003, ED SCI CULT ORG ALCORN JB, 1981, HUM ECOL, V9, P395 ALVAREZBUYALLA MA, 1989, AGROFOREST SYST, V8, P133 BARRERA A, 1980, BIOTICA, V5, P115 BRIERLEY JS, 1976, J TROP GEOGR, V43, P33 BROWN DF, 1987, MEMORIAS PRIMER COLO BRUSH SB, 1999, GENES FIELD FARM CON BUTTEL SB, 1985, EC DEV CULTURAL CHAN, V33, P31 BYE RA, 1993, BIOL DIVERSITY MEXIC CABALLERO J, 1992, ETNOECOLOGICA, V1, P35 CABALLERO J, 1994, J AGR TRADITIONALLE, V36, P145 CASAS A, 1995, CIENCIAS, V40, P36 CASAS A, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P167 CASAS A, 1996, HUM ECOL, V24, P455 CASAS A, 2001, ECON BOT, V55, P129 CLEVELAND DA, 1987, HUM ORGAN, V46, P259 CORREA CM, 1999, GENES FIELD FARM CON DAVILA P, 1993, LISTADOS FLORISTICOS HAWKES JG, 1983, DIVERSITY CROP PLANT HERNANDEZXOLOCO.E, 1993, BIOL DIVERSITY MEXIC KENT M, 1994, VEGETATION DESCRIPTI KIMBER C, 1966, YB ASS PACIFIC COAST, V28 LIRA R, 2001, RECURSOS VEGETALES V MEDINA J, 2000, THESIS U NACL AUTONO MORENO RA, 1985, ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL, V23, P491 NINEZ V, 1985, FOOD NUTR B, V7, P6 OMOHUNDRO JT, 1985, FOOD NUTR B, V7, P61 PAREDES M, 2001, THESIS U NAC AUTONON PHILLIPS O, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P33 RICOGRAY V, 1990, ECON BOT, V44, P470 ROHLF FJ, 1997, NUMERICAL TAXONOMY M RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACOPM MEXICO WIERSUM KF, 1982, AGROFOREST SYST, V1, P53 NR 33 TC 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 179 EP 202 PG 24 SC Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 802RW UT ISI:000220181600003 ER PT J AU Contreras, CM Gutierrez-Garcia, AG Saavedra, M Bernal-Morales, B Rodriguez-Landa, JF Hernandez-Lozano, M TI Adverse and palliative effects of the cannabinoids. SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE Marihuana; cannabinoids; psychotropics; drug abuse; tetrahydrocannabinol; anandamide ID CHRONIC PAIN PATIENTS; CB1 RECEPTOR; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; MARIJUANA; ANANDAMIDE; RATS; ENDOCANNABINOIDS; INHIBITION; MANAGEMENT; CANCER AB In a wide sense, a palliative agent is a remedy that attenuates some symptoms associated with a disease, whereas a therapeutic agent is the one capable of curing a disease. Marihuana (Cannabis saliva) is a plant from Central Asia and its main active components (cannabinoids) are three: tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol. They possess psychotropic and vegetative effects and, empirically, are reputed to exert some supposedly therapeutic actions involving the control of pain, vomiting, intraocular pressure and many other ailments. In agreement with official data from the "Consejo Nacional contra las Adicciones" (CONADIC, Mexico), during 1998-2000, the most extensively, abused substances were marihuana, cocaine and industrial solvents. The consumption of marihuana in Mexico has increased with time. The average prevalence of the use of cannabis among the urban population from 12 to 65 years of age is 5.3%. The cities with the highest consumption of marihuana are Tijuana (14.7%), Ciudad Juarez (9.2%), Guadalajara (7.5%), Mexico City (7.3%), Monterrey (4.1%) and Matamoros (3.6%), a fact that indicates that the north-central region of Mexico is the most affected. Marihuana is the main drug consumed by almost all age groups without any distinction of gender. The consumption is predominantly higher in males (13.9%) than in females (6.9%), and among children from 12 to 17 Nears old who do not live with their families. The percentage of adolescents consuming marihuana is larger among youths who are not students (4.2%) than in the student population (1.3%). Thus, marihuana consumption is a real problem of public health in Mexico. The existence of at least two receptors to cannabinoids is well known, as well as a group of substances synthesized by the organism itself, denominated endocannabinoids, whose pharmacological properties resemble those of the plant. These observations have caused some parliamentary discussions that have led some countries to approve the use of the synthetic cannabinoid-related substances for therapeutic purposes. In the present review, recent literature was analyzed in order to offer an objective scientific perspective about the use of marihuana. Five relevant observations are pointed out: 1) Studies with positive findings, lack adequate controls. 2) The standards of comparison used, are not the most suitable, for example, the supposed analgesic property of cannabinoids is commonly compared with codeine, and the possible antiemetic capability of cannabinoids is not compared with well-known commercial and safe drugs with verified potency, such as the 5HT(3) receptor subtype agonist, odansetron. 3) Some authors claim that the plant may acts as a whole, and therefore some of the synthetic cannabinoids approved in other countries for therapeutic uses might not produce notable effects. 4) Only a few patients experience some improvement in their symptoms; however most of them experience the psychotropic actions of cannabinoids. And, 5) there are ethical aspects to reconsider in the case of patients who never before had consumed cannabinoids. The following aspects of the clinical use of cannabinoids are discussed in this review. For example, diverse reports suggest that marihuana increases food intake through CB1 receptor-stimulation producing hyperphage by itself, as well as anorexia related to immunodeficiency syndrome and cancer treatment. However, these patients also experience the psychotropic side-effects of marihuana and which lead them to leave the treatment. Regarding pain, cannabinoids produce spinal analgesia in experimental animals, which might be mediated by suppression of neuronal nocyceptive activity and the activation of opioid receptors. Nevertheless, most researchers who are exploring the efficacy of cannabinoids in pain treatment employ codeine as a reference, although codeine is in disuse due to its vegetative effects and poor potency, and do not compare it with other powerful analgesics such as opioids or prostaglandin inhibitors. In the immunologic system, cannabinoids act on CB2 receptors, decreasing the function of immune T and B cells, killer cells and macrophages. Therefore, infection processes might be increased in debilitated patients. By contrast, the immunosuppressant action of cannabinoids could be useful in hyperactivity of the immunologic system, as in the case of multiple sclerosis. On the other hand, recent findings suggest that a lipid imbalance (mainly with arachidonic acid) is a primary factor in the etiology of cystic fibrosis. Since the endocannabinoids are fatty acid derivatives, it has been hypothesized that the patients who suffer cystic fibrosis can receive benefits by the administration of cannabinoids (i.e. restoring the balance between fatty acids, reducing the symptoms and increasing life expectancies). Regardind reproduction research, prenatal cannabinoid exposure has been associated with a high perinatal morbidity but the possible long-term consequences are still poorly understood. Therefore, animal models of perinatal cannabinoid exposure have provided a useful tool for examining the developmental effects of the offspring. Results show alteration in the ontogeny of spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. Adult animals exposed during pregnancy and lactation exhibited persistent alterations of the behavioral response to novelty, social interactions and sexual behavior. However, available data regarding the long-term behavioral and cognitive effects in humans are scarce to be compared with animal results. In other studies, some endocannabinoids generated in monocytes and platelets show that they are potent vasodilators and related to hypotension following hemorrhagic shock. Thus, animals treated with anandamide reduce their survival rate. In contrast, administration of the CB1 antagonist (SR141716A) increases the arterial pressure, the respiratory frequency and the survival rate in a dose-response manner. Thus, inhibition of the endogenous cannabinoids reverts the hemorrhagic shock with notorious efficacy, similar to endogenous opioids. In this sense, some other reports suggest that cannabinoids are useful to treat glaucoma, because cannabis reduces intraocular pressure in 60% of the users, although there are other drugs lacking psychotropic effects with proved and accepted efficacy in the treatment of glaucoma. Marihuana may also have certain anticonvulsivant properties; however delta-9THC alters sleep patterns in humans and could not be recommendable. In spite of some positive reports on the treatment of partial or tonic-clonic seizures, there is a lack of controlled studies. An apparent positive finding is that ligands to endocannabinoids receptors are suggested to exert neuroprotective effects because endocannabinoids reduce brain ischemic-induced lesion in rats and attenuate neuronal injuries produced by hypoxia and glucose deprivation in cultured cells. Once more, controlled studies are required to support or refuse these observations. The discovery of endocannabinoids and their receptors opens fields for comprehension of the processes involved in the psychophysiology of affective disorders and certain aspects of motivation; and recent advances in genomic medicine might lead us to speculate on the manipulation of endocannabinoid receptors. However, endocannabinoids exert well defined actions related with feeding, Mood, sensorial perception and time sense; therefore, the genomic manipulation of these receptors, might suppress the use of marihuana in addicts, but probably also create problems concerning appetite and Mood, among other behavioral aspects. In consequence, it is concluded that cannabinoids are substances that possess some palliative effects rather than therapeutic, and that their administration to seriously weakened patients should be preceded by exhaustive analysis of another therapeutics choices. C1 Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Lab Neurofatmacol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Lab Neurofarmacol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Contreras, CM, AP 320, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM ccontreras@uv.mx CR ABALODELGADO R, 1998, DOLOR, V13, P227 ASHTON CH, 2001, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V178, P101 ASHTON H, 2002, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V15, P247 ATTAL N, 2000, ANN PHARM FR, V58, P121 BARNES RE, 2000, BIOETHICS, V14, P16 BERDYSHEV EV, 1999, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V122, P327 BRUERA E, 1992, ONCOLOGY, V49, P35 CAINAZZO MM, 2002, EUR J PHARMACOL, V441, P91 CAMPBELL FA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V323, P13 CARLEY DW, 2002, SLEEP, V25, P391 CHANG MC, 1991, MOL REPROD DEV, V29, P60 CONTERAS CM, 1978, SALUD MENT, V1, P10 DAHL V, 2000, ACTA ANAESTH SCAND, V44, P1191 DELARCO I, 2000, NEUROIMMUNOMODULAT, V7, P16 DIMARZO V, 1998, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V21, P521 DUPONT RL, 1999, P ASSOC AM PHYSICIAN, V111, P166 EVANS FJ, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, S60 FARQUHARSMITH WP, 2002, PAIN, V97, P11 FERNANDEZGUARDI.A, 1974, POLYGRAPHIC RECORDIN, P172 FISHBAIN DA, 1999, CLIN J PAIN, V15, P184 FREYE E, 2001, KLINIKARZT, V30, P314 FRIDE E, 2002, J CANNABIS THERAPEUT, V2, P59 FUENTES JA, 1999, LIFE SCI, V65, P675 FUNDARO C, 1998, RIV IT PED, V24, P421 GANAPATHY V, 1999, ADV DRUG DELIVER REV, V38, P99 GILL A, 2001, CLIN J PAIN, V17, P245 GORDON E, 2001, EPILEPSIA, V42, P1266 GORTER RW, 1999, FORSCH KOMPLEMENT S3, V6, P21 GREEN K, 1998, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V116, P1433 GREENBERG DA, 1999, DRUG NEWS PERSPECT, V12, P458 HANSEN HH, 2001, J NEUROCHEM, V78, P1415 HERMANN H, 2002, NEUROSCIENCE, V109, P451 HILLARD CJ, 2000, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V294, P27 HOLDCROFT A, 1997, ANAESTHESIA, V52, P483 HOLDCROFT A, 2001, EXP REV NEUROTHER, V1, P92 HOLLISTER LE, 1992, J PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS, V24, P159 KALANT H, 2001, PAIN RES MANAG, V6, P80 KLEIN LR, 1998, J ECONOMETRICS, V83, P1 KLEIN TW, 2001, PAIN RES MANAGE, V6, P95 KULKARNI SK, 2001, INDIAN J PHARM, V33, P170 KUMAR RN, 2001, ANAESTHESIA, V56, P1059 LORENZO P, 2000, ADICCIONES, V12, P149 MACCOUN RJ, 1993, J DRUG ISSUES, V23, P615 MACPHERSON RD, 2002, DRUGS TODAY, V38, P135 MANZANARES J, 1999, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V20, P287 MARSELOS M, 1999, ADDICT BIOL, V4, P5 MECHOULAM R, 1999, FORSCH KOMPLEMENT S3, V6, P16 MUNRO S, 1993, NATURE, V365, P61 NAKAZI M, 2000, N-S ARCH PHARMACOL, V361, P19 NAVARRO M, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V122, P1 NOTCUTT W, 2000, ANAESTHESIA, V2, P134 ONAIVI ES, 2002, PROG NEUROBIOL, V66, P307 PARIA BC, 1996, MOL REPROD DEV, V45, P183 PERTWEE RG, 1999, CNS DRUGS, V11, P327 PERTWEE RG, 1999, FORSCH KOMPLEMENT S3, V6, P12 PERTWEE RG, 2000, ADDICT BIOL, V5, P37 PONS G, 1994, CLIN PHARMACOKINET, V27, P270 PORCELLA A, 2001, EUR J NEUROSCI, V13, P409 PORTER AC, 2002, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V301, P1020 PRETI A, 2002, DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN, V66, P275 QUIROGA M, 2000, ADICCIONES, V12, P135 RICE ASC, 2001, CURR OPIN INVEST DR, V2, P399 RIPAMONTI C, 2001, DRUGS, V61, P955 RITCH R, 2000, CURR OPIN OPHTHALMOL, V11, P78 ROWLAND NE, 2001, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V159, P111 SCHUTZBACH JS, 1991, TRENDS BIOMEMBRANES, V1, P29 SHERWOOD RA, 1999, EUR J PEDIATR, V158, P488 SINOR AD, 2000, NEUROSCI LETT, V278, P157 SKAPER SD, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P3984 SPECTER S, 1996, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V69, P15 STAMER WD, 2001, EUR J PHARMACOL, V431, P277 TRAMER MR, 2001, BRIT MED J, V323, P16 USAMI N, 1998, CHEM PHARM BULL, V46, P1462 VAUGHAN CW, 2000, MED J AUSTRALIA, V173, P270 VELA G, 1995, BRAIN RES, V680, P142 VOTH EA, 1997, ANN INTERN MED, V126, P791 WAGNER JA, 1998, J MOL MED-JMM, V76, P824 WAGNER JA, 2001, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V38, P2048 WALKER JM, 2001, PAIN RES MANAG, V6, P74 WENGER T, 1997, LIFE SCI, V60, P2361 WENGER T, 1999, LIFE SCI, V65, P695 WILLIAMS CM, 2002, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V76, P241 WILLIAMSON EM, 2000, DRUGS, V60, P1303 YAMAMOTO T, 2000, JPN J PHARMACOL, V84, P229 ZAGNONI PG, 2002, EPILEPSIA S2, V43, P28 ZURCHER G, 2002, Z GASTROENTEROL, V40, P71 NR 86 TC 0 PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA PI MEXICO CITY PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO SN 0185-3325 J9 SALUD MENT JI Salud Ment. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 6 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 SC Psychiatry GA 780DJ UT ISI:000189356200008 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Lopez, V Salazar, L Estrada, S TI Spasmolytic activity of several extracts obtained from some Mexican medicinal plants SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE spasmolytic activity; Mexican medicinal plants; gastrointestinal disorders ID CAESALPINIA-PULCHERRIMA; SPONDIAS-MOMBIN; LEPECHINIA-CAULESCENS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; ACIDS AB A total of ten extracts from different parts of eight medicinal plants that are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated to determine their spasmolytic action on in vitro isolated rat ileum. All extracts were less potent than papaverine, which was used as a positive control. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Jardin Botanico Ctr INAH Morelos, Cuernavaca 62440, Morelos, Mexico. RP Estrada, S, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Farm, Avienda Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM samuelenoch@hotmail.com CR ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MEDICI AUTORE G, 2001, LIFE SCI, V70, P523 CHE CT, 1986, J NAT PROD, V49, P561 COATES NJ, 1994, J NAT PRODUCTS, V57, P654 CORTHOUT J, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P1129 CORTHOUT J, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P1979 CORTHOUT J, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P460 DELGADO G, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3159 DELGADO G, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1119 ESTRADA S, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P109 MCPHERSON DD, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P2835 MCPHERSON DD, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P167 MONROYORTIZ C, 2000, PANTAS MEDICINALES U PATIL AD, 1997, TETRAHEDRON, V53, P1583 RAGASA CY, 2002, J NAT PROD, V65, P1107, DOI 10.1021/np0201523 NR 15 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 7-8 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 767RH UT ISI:000188466100020 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Landa, JF Contreras, CA TI A review of clinical and experimental observations about antidepressant actions and side effects produced by Hypericum perforatum extracts SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Review DE antidepressants; depression; hypericin; hyperforin; Hypericum perforatum; medicinal plants; pseudohypericin; side-effects; St. John's wort ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; FORCED SWIMMING TEST; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANIMAL-MODELS; DOUBLE-BLIND; FIRING RATE; LI 160; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; MAJOR DEPRESSION AB Hypericum perforatum is an herbaceous perennial plant, also known as "St. John's wort", used popularly as a natural antidepressant. Although some clinical and experimental studies suggest it has some properties similar to conventional antidepressants, the proposed mechanism of action seems to be multiple: a non-selective blockade of the reuptake of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine; an increase in density of serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors and an increased affinity for GABAergic receptors; moreover, the inhibition of monoaminoxidase enzyme activity has been involved. In any case, the increase of monoamine concentrations in the synaptic cleft resembles several actions exerted by clinically effective antidepressants. In the present article, we review some of the controversial evidence derived from clinical and experimental studies suggesting that H. perforatum exerts antidepressant-like actions, and we also review some of its side effects, such as nausea, rash, fatigue, restlessness, photosensitivity, acute neuropathy, and even episodes of mania and serotonergic syndrome when administered simultaneously with other antidepressant drugs. All of the foregoing suggests that H. perforatum extracts appear to exert potentially significant pharmacological activity involving several neurotransmission systems supposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. However, little information regarding the safety of H. perforatum is available, including potential herb-drug interactions. There is a need for additional research on the pharmacological and biochemical activity of H. perforatum, as well as its side-effects and its several bioactive constituents to further elucidate the mechanisms of antidepressant actions. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Lab Neurofarmacol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Contreras, CA, POB 320, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. 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Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 760TU UT ISI:000187851600010 ER PT J AU Rios, MY Aguilar-Guadarrama, AB Navarro, V TI Two new benzofuranes from Eupatorium aschenbornianum and their antimicrobial activity SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENTS AB Through a bioassay-guided fractionation, from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Eupatorium aschenbornianum were isolated two new benzofurane compounds, 5-acetyl-3beta-angeloyloxy-2beta(1-hydroxyisopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofur ane (1) and 5-acetyl-3beta-angeloyloxy-2beta-(1-hydroxyisopropyl)-6-methoxy-2,3-dihy drobenzofurane (2) in addition to 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenylacetophenone, espeletone (3), encecalinol (4), beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The antimicrobial evaluation of these natural products showed that 1 [ MIC = 200 mug/mL against T. mentagrophytes and 100 mug/mL against T. rubrum], 2 [MIC = 50 mug/mL towards both] and 3 [MIC = 100 mug/mL against both] were active against dermatophytes, while 4 was active against all of microorganisms assayed [MIC = 12.5 mug/mL (T. mentagrophytes), 12.5 mug/mL (T. rubrum), 100 mug/mL (C. albicans) and 200 mug/mL (A. niger)]. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Mexico. RP Rios, MY, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Av Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. CR ARGUETA A, 1994, ALAS PLANTAS MED TRA, V1, P1786 BOHLMANN F, 1973, CHEM BER, V106, P3035 BOHLMANN F, 1977, CHEM BER, V110, P295 FUENTES M, 1997, INFORME REGISTRO PLA, P125 GOMEZ F, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2095 HARMALA P, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P287 NAVARRO VM, 2003, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V87, P85 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 SIGSTAD EE, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V42, P1443 NR 9 TC 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 10 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 755PX UT ISI:000187419100019 ER PT J AU Tortoriello, J Zamilpa, A Herrera, A Romero-Cerecero, O TI Determination of hypericin and hyperforin content in different phytopharmaceuticals and dietary supplements containing Hypericum perforatum extract SO SALUD MENTAL LA English DT Article DE Hypericum perforalum; hyperforin; hypericin; phytopharmaceutical; dietary supplement; complementary medicine; antidepressant ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY; PHARMACOLOGY AB Background: Phytopharmaceuticals have long been used as official medicine in different countries around the world. In Mexico, they were recently introduced. One of the most prescribed phytopharmaceuticals is derived from the Hypericum perforatum species. This plant, commonly known as St. John's Wort, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for wound healing and as an antidepressant. Several clinical and pharmacological works have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of extracts prepared from the aerial parts of this plant in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. This activity has been attributed to hyperforin, hypericin and flavonic compounds. For many years, the naphtodianthrone, hypericin, was considered as the main active constituent. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that the acylphloroglucinol, hyperforin together with hypericin and some flavonic compounds are the active antidepressant compounds. Since depressive disorders are very common in clinical practice, with approximately 11.3% of all adults being afflicted by these disorders during any one year, different preparations of St. John's Wort are available as phytopharmaceuticals and dietary supplements in different countries, including Mexico. Methods: In order to compare different phytopharmaceuticals and dietary supplements containing H. perforatum extract available in Mexico, the total content of hypericin and hyperforin was determined. Three products were purchased in pharmacies as phytopharmaceuticals (S1, S2, S3), while four products were available as dietary supplements (S4, S5, S6, S7). Results: Phytopharmaceuticals were found as coated tablets or gelatin capsules with individual packing in aluminum blisters, while dietary supplements were all found as uncoated tablets in glass or plastic bottles. With the exception of one product (S4), in all samples detectable amounts of by hypericin were found. Products S2, S3, and S7 had a higher hypericin content (between 0.2% and 0.26%). Most of the samples analyzed had no detectable amounts of hyperforin. The products S1 and S7 contained only trace quantities of hyperforin, while products S2 and S3 had the highest amount with more than 4.0% and 2.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Although all of the products studied contained the extract of H. perforatum as a main constituent, there were marked differences between them. It was observed that the formulation (coated tablets) packing (individual packing in aluminum blisters) and active constituents content (hypericin and hyperforin) of the phytopharmaceuticals differ significantly from that of the dietary supplements. C1 IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Tortoriello, J, IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Argentina No 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR 2000, LEY GEN SALUD REGLAM BARNES J, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P583 BIBER A, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V31, P36 BILIA AR, 2001, INT J PHARM, V213, P199 BUTTERWECK V, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P117 CHATTERJEE SS, 1996, PHYTOMEDICINE S1, V3, P106 CHATTERJEE SS, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V31, P7 ERDELMEIER CAJ, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V31, P2 ERNST E, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P67 GAEDCKE F, 1997, DTSCH APOTH ZTG, V137, P3753 GREESON JM, 2001, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V153, P402 HARRER G, 1994, J GERIATR PSYCHIA S1, V7, P24 HUBNER WD, 2001, PHYTOTHER RES, V15, P367 JUDD LL, 1995, INT CLIN PSYCHOPH S4, V10, P5 KASPER S, 2001, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V34, P51 KAUFELER R, 2001, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V34, P49 KERB R, 1996, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V40, P2087 LAAKMANN G, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY S, V31, P1 MULLER WE, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V31, P1 MULLER WE, 1998, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S1, V31, P16 NATHAN PJ, 2001, J PSYCHOPHARMACOL, V15, P47 POWDER ED, 2000, PHARMACOPEIAL FORUM, V26, P464 TORTORIELLO J, 1999, S IMSS FARM SCHW MEX, P77 WERTH W, 1989, KASSENARZT, V15, P64 WHEATLEY D, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P77 NR 25 TC 0 PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA PI MEXICO CITY PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO SN 0185-3325 J9 SALUD MENT JI Salud Ment. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 SC Psychiatry GA 735UU UT ISI:000186133600007 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Arellanes, A Meckes, M Ramirez, R Torres, J Luna-Herrera, J TI Activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mexican plants used to treat respiratory diseases SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antimycobacterial activity; Lantana hispida; Mexican medicinal plants; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant; tuberculosis; Alamar blue ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; VITRO INHIBITION; LANTANA-CAMARA; ASSAY; SOUTH AB The increase of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) demands the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases for activity against MDR-TB. A group of 22 plants was screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium avium at concentrations from 50 to 200 mug/mL. The antimycobacterial effect was determined by a microcolorimetric assay with Alamar blue dye. None of the aqueous extracts had antimycobacterial activity. Hexane extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana, Chamaedora tepejilote, Lantana hispida, Juniperus communis and Malva parviflora, and methanol extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana and Juniperus communis inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium avium was inhibited by Juniperus communis hexane extract and by Malva parviflora methanol extract. The active extracts were tested against monoresistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin and ethambutol resistant) and the hexane extract of Lantana hispida showed the best activity. Lantana hispida hexane extract was also active against a group of MDR-TB clinical isolates. In contrast, it did not inhibit the growth of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The hexane extract of Lantana hispida was fractionated by column chromatography and one of its fractions (FVI) inhibited the growth of all the MDR-TB clinical isolates at concentrations up to 25 mug/mL. This study supports the fact that selecting plants by ethnobotanical criteria enhances the probability of finding species with activity against mycobacteria, and our results point to Lantana hispida as an important source of potential compounds against MDR-TB. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Inmunol, Lab Inmunoquim 2, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Hosp Pediat Mexico City, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol Proc Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Luna-Herrera, J, IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Inmunol, Lab Inmunoquim 2, Carpio & Plan Ayala,Casco Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. CR *CDCP, 1998, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V47, P371 *WHO, 2000, 104 WHO *WHO, 2000, 2 WHO IUATLD *WHO, 2001, GLOB TUB CONTR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC ARAIN TM, 1996, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V40, P1536 ARGUETA VA, 1994, AGLAS PLANTAS MED ME BARRE JT, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V45, P321 BASTIAN I, 2000, RESURG EMERGING INFE, V1, P1 BORK PM, 1997, FEBS LETT, V402, P85 CALDWELL CG, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P1611 CANTRELL CL, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P137 CANTRELL CL, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P351 COLLINS LA, 1997, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V41, P1004 COLLINS LA, 1998, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V42, P344 DEENA MJ, 2000, FITOTERAPIA, V71, P453 FISCHER NH, 1996, REV LATINOAMER QUIM, V24, P65 FISCHER NH, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V49, P559 LALL N, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P347 MCCUTCHEON AR, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V37, P213 MCCUTCHEON AR, 1997, INT J PHARMACOGN, V35, P77 PIETRO RCLR, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P335 RAVIGLIONE MC, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V273, P220 TOPCU G, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V50, P1195 VANPUYVELDE L, 1994, PHYTOTHER RES, V8, P65 WACHTER D, 2000, J NAT PRODUCTS, V63, P1689 WANG X, 2001, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V282, P1224 NR 27 TC 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 8 BP 903 EP 908 PG 6 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 724WJ UT ISI:000185509400008 ER PT J AU La Torre-Cuadros, MD Islebe, GA TI Traditional ecological knowledge and use of vegetation in southeastern Mexico: a case study from Solferino, Quintana Roo SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ethnoclassification; Mayas; Mexico; quantitative ethnobotany; tropical forest ID QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANY; USEFUL PLANTS; FOREST; PERU; CONSERVATION; TAMBOPATA AB In order to assess traditional ecological knowledge of the Maya people in southeastern Mexico, we interviewed local people in Quintana Roo and estimated a number of vegetation variables in two different types of forest which are currently locally exploited, namely Monte alto (medium statured forest) and Sakal che' (low forest). We employed the Use Value index for each plant species (UVs) to quantify the importance of each plant for each inhabitant. The results showed that this Maya community classify the different forest types by species associations and size, and according to soil appearance. A total of nine categories of use were defined for three plant forms (tree, palm and vine). Manilkara zapota (zapote), Thrinax radiata (chiit) and Macfadyena uncata (bilin kok) showed the highest use values for each plant form. The most common uses were construction (35.5%), medicine (19.0%), craft (17.9%) and edibility (10.3%). There was a weak relationship between the cultural importance of plant species, expressed by the UVs, and their availability in the medium statured forest and the medium statured-low forest transition expressed by the Importance Value index (IVI). The medium statured forest was the most used forest type, as it provides many species for construction due to external demands rather than to local needs. C1 Herbarium, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. RP La Torre-Cuadros, MD, Herbarium, Unidad Chetumal, Colegio Frontera Sur,AP 424, Chetumal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. CR *FAO, 1988, 60 FAO *INEGI, 2000, AN EST QUINT ROO ACHARD F, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P999 ADUTUTU M, 1979, ECON BOT, V33, P320 BALICK MJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P128 BALICK MJ, 1997, PLANTS PEOPLE CULTUR BARRERA MA, 1976, NOMENCLATURE ETNOBOT BERLIN B, 1973, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V4, P259 BERLIN B, 1992, ETHNOBIOLOGICAL CLAS COLORADO P, 1987, PRACTICE J POLIT WIN, P50 COLORADO P, 1988, CONVERGENCE, V21, P49 COSTANZA R, 1997, NATURE, V387, P253 CURTIS JT, 1951, ECOLOGY, V32, P476 CURTIS JT, 1959, VEGETATION WISCONSIN DURAN GR, 1986, ESTUDIO VEGETACION S ESCOBAR NA, 1986, GEOGRAFIA GEN ESTADO FLORES JS, 1987, USO RECURSOS VEGETAL GADGIL M, 1993, AMBIO, V22, P151 HIDALGO FR, 1995, PROGRAMA MANEJO FORE HUNN E, 1993, TRADITIONAL ECOLOGIC, P13 MARTINEZ MA, 1994, B SOC BOT MEX, V55, P65 MCCUNE B, 1997, PC ORD MULTIVARIATE MENDEZ M, 1997, B SOC BOT MEX, V60, P15 MENDIETA R, 1981, PLANTAS MED ESTADO Y MINO GPY, 1991, PLANTAS HOMBRE, P105 MIRANDA F, 1978, VEGETACION PENINSULA NEPSTAD DC, 1992, ADV EC BOTANY, V9, P1 OLMSTED CI, 1983, VEGETACION SIAN KAAN PETERS CM, 1989, NATURE, V339, P655 PHILLIPS O, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P15 PHILLIPS O, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P33 PHILLIPS O, 1994, CONSERV BIOL, V8, P225 PINEDOVASQUEZ M, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P405 PLOKIN M, 1992, SUSTAINABLE HARVEST POSEY DA, 1990, ORION, V9, P16 PRANCE GT, 1987, CONSERV BIOL, V1, P296 PULIDO M, 1993, LISTA ANOTADA PLANTA QUERO HJ, 1992, PUBLICACIONES ESPECI, V10 RICHARDS P, 1991, ANTHR FUTURE, P180 RICHARDS RT, 1997, J FORESTRY SEP, P5 RUTTER A, 1990, CATALOGO PLANTAS TIT SALMON E, 1996, WINDS CHANGE SUM, P70 SANCHEZ OM, 2000, JARDIN BOT AB MARIN, P59 SANCHEZ OM, 2001, FEDDES REPORT, V112, P391 SANCHEZSANCHEZ O, 2002, PLANT ECOL, V158, P183 SCHULTES RE, 1988, ORION, V7, P8 TOLEDO VM, 1978, BIOTICA, V3, P85 TOLEDO VM, 1987, 4 C LAT BOT I COL FO, P13 TOLEDO VM, 1990, CIENCIAS, V4, P22 TOLEDO VM, 1995, INTERCIENCIA, V20, P177 TROTTER RT, 1986, PLANTS INDIGENOUS ME, P91 TURNER NJ, 2000, ECOL APPL, V10, P1275 WRIGHT ACS, 1967, RECONOCIMIENTO SUELO NR 53 TC 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2455 EP 2476 PG 22 SC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 724NJ UT ISI:000185493400007 ER PT J AU Hernandez, T Canales, M Avila, JG Duran, A Caballero, J de Vivar, AR Lira, R TI Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlan de las Salinas, Puebla (Mexico) SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal diseases; antibacterial activity; Zapotitlan de las Salinas ID LANTANA-CAMARA; TRITERPENOIDS AB The village of Zapotitlan de las Salinas is situated in the Valley of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Puebla, Mexico. Plant species used by the local inhabitants to treat gastrointestinal diseases were identified using ethnobotanical, ethnographic and taxonomic methods. Out of 119 interviews, 44 plant species were registered, of which the following are the most frequently used (listed in descending order): Lippia graveolens H.B. et K. (Verbenaceae), Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae), Turnera diffusa (Willd.) ex Schult. (Turneraceae), Lippia oaxacana Rob. et Greenm. (Verbenaceae), Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenm.) Rydb. (Asteraceae), Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. et Schult. (Boraginaceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Acalypha hederacea Torrey (Euphorbiaceae). From these plants, hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts were prepared in order to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains causing the most common gastrointestinal diseases in Mexican population. All hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. There is a correlation between the frequency of mention (of plant use) and the antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the knowledge of plants most frequently used for gastrointestinal infections in Zapotitlan de las Salinas is supported by scientific rationale. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO, Edo Mexico 54090, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot Exterior, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hernandez, T, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Fitoquim, UBIPRO, Edo Mexico 54090, Mexico. CR *INEGI, 1999, CUAD INF EST SECT SA ALARCON F, 2001, REV ECUAT NEUROL, V10, P1 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR ARIASMONTES S, 1997, FLORA VALLE TEHUACAN ARLETTI R, 1999, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V143, P15 BOSTER JS, 1986, EXPLORATIONS COGNITI, P177 BRAVOHOLLIS H, 1930, SERIE BOTANICA, V1, P87 DAVILA P, 1983, THESIS U NACL AUTONO DAVILA P, 1993, LISTADOS FLORISTICOS, V8 FREI B, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P149 GARCIA E, 1988, DIVERSIDAD CLIMATICA, P16 GARRO LC, 1986, AM ANTHROPOL, V88, P351 HEINRICH M, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V47, P1859 IOSET JR, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V53, P613 LENTZ DL, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V63, P253 MCGAW LJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P247 MISRA L, 2000, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V54, P969 PASCUAL ME, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V76, P201 RICOARCE L, 1998, FLORA VALLE TEHUACAN RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO VALIENTEBANUET A, 1998, AM J BOT, V85, P1398 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 WELLER SC, 1988, QUALITATIVE RES METH, V10 WOLLENWEBER E, 1997, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V25, P269 NR 24 TC 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 722VG UT ISI:000185398200011 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Velazquez, C Cedillo-Rivera, R Esquivel, B TI Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Teloxys graveolens SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE melilotoside; antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia; Teloxys graveolens ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; FLAVONOIDS; PLANTS AB Antiprotozoal activity-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the aerial parts of Teloxys graveolens led to the isolation of one coumarinic acid derivative, melilotoside, and five flavonoids, pinocembrine, pinostrobin, chrysin, narcissin and rutin. Among them, melilotoside exhibited the most potent activity toward Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia (IC50, 12.5 and 16.8 mug/mL, respectively). Narcissin showed selectivity against E. histolytlica (IC50 17.2 mug/mL). The results support data for the traditional use of T. graveolens in some gastrointestinal diseases. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, 2 Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. CR CALZADA F, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P705 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 CALZADA F, 2001, J NAT PROD, V64, P671 CAMACHO MD, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P383 HERNANDEZ NE, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V73, P317 KAPOOR K, 1999, INT J CLIN PHARM RES, V19, P83 MATA R, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P191 MECKES M, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P459 ROJAS A, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P275 VASANGE M, 1997, PLANTA MED, V63, P511 NR 10 TC 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 BP 731 EP 732 PG 2 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 713LM UT ISI:000184859500006 ER PT J AU Leonti, M Ramirez, F Sticher, O Heinrich, M TI Medicinal flora of the Popoluca, Mexico: A botanical systematical perspective SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE traditional medicine; ethnobotany; ethnopharmacy; Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Macro-Mayan; medicinal plant selection; Mexico; Popoluca; regression analysis ID NATIVE NORTH-AMERICA; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY; PLANTS; VEGETABLES; SELECTION AB We studied the medicinal plants used by the Popoluca of the Sierra de Santa Marta (eastern Mexico). Using Moerman's method of regression analysis we determined which ethnomedically used taxa are over-represented in the Popolucan Pharmacopoeia (e.g., Asteraceae) and which are underrepresented (e.g., Orchidaceae). Moerman et al. (1999) found high correlation between the holarctic pharmacopoeias and assumed that apart from the relatedness of the northern floras a "global pattern of human knowledge" may account for this finding. Although the Popoluca dwell in a habitat dominated by a neotropical flora but intermixed with important holarctic elements, they include considerably fewer neotropical taxa in their pharmacopoeia as one would expect if the historical transmitted knowledge were influencing their selection. This finding confirms the theory stated by Moerman et al. However, the Popoluca include some neotropical taxa in their Pharmacopoeia and thus a moderate correlation exists between the Popolucan Pharmacopoeia and the neotropical Pharmacopoeia analysed by Moerman et al. We therefore conclude that apart from historically transmitted knowledge about specific taxa the "global pattern of human knowledge" addressed by Moerman et al. is largely based on "common selection criteria." C1 ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Appl Biosci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Proyecto Sierra de Santa Marta, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ London, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, London WC1N 1AX, England. RP Leonti, M, ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Appl Biosci, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. CR ANKLI A, 1999, HUM ECOL, V27, P557 BRETT JA, 1998, J APPL BOT-ANGEW BOT, V72, P67 BUCKLES D, 1998, COVER CROPS HILLSIDE CHEVALIER JM, 1995, LAND GODS PROCESS TH FROHNE D, 1998, SYSTEMATIK PFLANZENR HEINRICH M, 1998, J APPL BOT-ANGEW BOT, V72, P75 HEINRICH M, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P425 LARYSSE M, 1999, MONOGRAPH FUNDACION, V44 LEONTI M, 2001, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V53, P1653 LEONTI M, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P307 MOERMAN DE, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P1 MOERMAN DE, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P1 MOERMAN DE, 1998, NATIVE AM ETHNOBOTAN MOERMAN DE, 1998, PLANTS FOOD MED, P69 MOERMAN DE, 1999, J ETHNOBIOL, V19, P49 MORTON JF, 1994, ECON BOT, V48, P130 PIERONI A, 2002, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V81, P165 RAMIREZRAMIREZ F, 1999, THESIS U NACL AUTONO RZEDOWSKI J, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V14, P3 STEPP JR, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V75, P19 NR 20 TC 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 57 IS 2 BP 218 EP 230 PG 13 SC Plant Sciences GA 710EA UT ISI:000184666800005 ER PT J AU Rojas, A Mendoza, S Moreno, J Arellano, RO TI Extracts from plants used in mexican traditional medicine activate Ca2+-dependent chloride channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Baccharis heterophylla; Chenopodium murale; Desmodium grahami; Gentiana spathacea; Solanum rostratum; Xenopus oocyte; Ca2+-dependent Cl(-)current ID MEMBRANE; CALCIUM; TERPENOIDS; FLAVONOIDS; INJECTION; RECEPTORS AB The two-electrode voltage-clamp technique was employed to investigate the effects of chloroform-methanol (1:1) extracts derived from five medicinal plants on Xenopus laevis oocytes. When evaluated at concentrations of 1 to 500 mug/ml, the extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Baccharis heterophylla H.B.K (Asteraceae), Chenopodium murale L. (Chenopodiaceae), Desmodium grahami Gray (Leguminosae) and Solanum rostratum Dun (Solanaceae) produced concentration-dependent oscillatory inward currents in the oocytes, while the extract of Gentiana spathacea did not induce any response. The reversal potential of the currents elicited by the active extracts was -17 +/- 2 mV and was similar to the chloride equilibrium potential in oocytes. These ionic responses were independent of extracellular calcium. However, they were eliminated by overnight incubation with BAPTA-AM (10 muM), suggesting that the currents were dependent on intracellular Ca2+ increase. Thus the plant extracts activate the typical oscillatory Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents generated in the Xenopus oocyte membrane more probably via a mechanism that involves release of Ca2+ from intracellular reservoirs. These observations suggest that Xenopus oocyte electrophysiological recording constitutes a suitable assay for the study of the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines. C1 Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Quim, Ctr Univ, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Neurobiol, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Rojas, A, Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Quim, Ctr Univ, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. CR ARELLANO RO, 1996, ION CHANNEL, V4, P203 ARRIAGAGINER FJ, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P719 DUMONT JN, 1972, J MORPHOL, V136, P153 ELSAYED NH, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V51, P591 GOHAR AA, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P564 KUSANO K, 1982, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V328, P143 MILEDI R, 1982, P R SOC LOND B, V215, P491 MILEDI R, 1984, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V357, P173 MILEDI R, 1989, FIDIA RES FDN NEUROS, P57 ORON Y, 1985, NATURE, V313, P141 PARKER I, 1986, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V228, P307 ROJAS A, 1999, PHYTOMEDICINE, V6, P367 ROJAS A, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P765 WOLLENWEBER E, 1986, Z NATURFORSCH C, V41, P87 NR 14 TC 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 416 EP 421 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 706BH UT ISI:000184431400009 ER PT J AU Tapia-Perez, ME Tapia-Contreras, A Cedillo-Rivera, R Osuna, L Meckes, M TI Screening of Mexican medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity - Part II SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; antiprotozoal effects; infectious diarrhea; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia ID A-TYPE PROANTHOCYANIDINS; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; IN-VITRO; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The activity of the crude extracts from eight medicinal plants used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal infections were assayed against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia axenic trophozoites. Alternanthera repens, Boerhavia coccinea Flaveria trinervia, Leucaena esculenta, Tournefortia densiflora and Vitex mollis were found to have antiprotozoal activity, with extracts of Tournefortia densiflora being the most potent against both tested organisms. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, UIM Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Meckes, M, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, UIM Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Cuauhtemoc 330,Cl Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. CR CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P705 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 CALZADA F, 2001, PLANTA MED, V67, P677 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, J MED MICROBIOL, V37, P221 DIAMOND LS, 1971, ARCH INVEST MED S, P339 GARCIA SB, 1995, FITOTERAPIA, V66, P324 HAMMOND AC, 1995, J ANIM SCI, V73, P1487 LIN YL, 1999, J NAT PRODUCTS, V11, P1500 OLUKOYA DK, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P69 RAMABHIMAIAH S, 1984, INDIAN DRUGS, V21, P343 RIZK AM, 1986, FITOTERAPIA, V1, P3 SOHNI YR, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V45, P43 TAPIAPEREZ M, 2001, UNPUB J ETHNOPHARMAC VIJAYALAKSHMI K, 1979, INDIAN J ENTOMOL, V41, P326 WAGNER H, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P2824 ZAVALA MA, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P41 NR 20 TC 2 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 700YF UT ISI:000184138200005 ER PT J AU Basurto-Pena, F Castro-Lara, D Martinez-Alfaro, MA TI Edible begonias from the North of Puebla, Mexico SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Begonia; edible plants; Puebla; Mexico ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ETHNOBOTANY; DOMESTICATION; MANAGEMENT AB The Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico, is a region with biological and cultural diversity, where the use of local natural resources was increased by the relative isolation of the region until recent decades. There are more than 600 useful plants reported. In the Sierra Norte de Puebla at least six Begonia species are used as food. The objective of this paper is to report such species that are utilized for self-supply and for sale in local markets. The management includes gathering among wild populations, transplanting of rhizomes and vegetative propagation by leaves to establish and increase populations in home gardens and in coffee plantations. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico. RP Basurto-Pena, F, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Apartado Postal 70-614, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico. CR ACUNA R, 1982, RELACIONES GEOGRAFIC ALCORN J, 1984, HUASTEC MAYAN ETHNOB BOWES B, 1997, ETNOBOTANICA, V92, P95 BREEDLOVE D, 1993, FLOWERING MAN TZOTZI, V1 BYE RA, 1979, KIVA, V44, P237 CASAS A, 1996, HUM ECOL, V24, P455 COLUNGAGARCIAMA.P, 1986, AGROCIENCIA, V65, P7 CRUZ A, 1995, THESIS UNAM MEXICO DAVIS T, 1982, ECON BOT, V36, P225 DELACRUZ M, 1964, LIBELLUS MED INDORUM HERNANDEZ F, 1942, HIST PLANTAS NUEVA E HERNANDEZ X, 1971, EXPLORACION ETNOBOTA IBARRAMANRIQUEZ G, 1995, REV BIOL TROP, V43, P75 JAIN S, 1979, ECON BOT, V33, P52 JOHANNES A, 1975, ECON BOT, V29, P268 KATZ E, 1990, THESIS U PARIS 10 LAFERRIERE J, 1990, BEGONIAN, V57, P175 MAPES C, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P293 MARTINEZ MA, 1995, CUADERNOS I BIOL, V25 OLIVARES E, 1989, PAQUETE DISENOS EXPT PENA FB, 1998, B SOC BOT MEX, V62, P49 RAO RR, 1981, ECON BOT, V35, P4 ROIA FC, 1977, ECON BOT, V31, P28 SAHAGUN B, 1989, HIST GEN COSAS NUEVA WILLIAMS D, 1986, THESIS COLEGIO POSTG WONG W, 1976, ECON BOT, V30, P103 NR 26 TC 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences GA 697WK UT ISI:000183966100005 ER PT J AU Reyes-Chilpa, R Jimenez-Estrada, M Cristobal-Telesforo, E Torres-Colin, L Villavicencio, MA Perez-Escandon, BE Mercado-Gonzalez, R TI Natural insecticides from Hippocratea excelsa and Hippocratea celastroides SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Hippocratea excelsa; Hippocratea celastroides; Sitophilus zeamais; insecticidal plants; medicinal plants; botanical insecticides; stored grain pests; alkaloids; triterpenes; alditols; polyols; pristimerin; galactitol; friedelin; canophyllol ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; PLANTS; DERIVATIVES; MEXICO; PESTS AB Hippocratea excelsa and Hippocratea celastroides have therapeutic and insecticide applications in Mexican traditional medicine. The toxicity of H. excelsa root cortex has been previously demonstrated against the stored grain pest Sitophilus zeamais. To identify the active compounds, several extracts (petroleum ether, CH2Cl2, acetone, methanol, and water) and compounds were obtained from the roots, and tested (1% w/w) with a force-feeding assay against S. zeamais. All H. excelsa extracts showed high antifeedant activity, and elicited moderate mortality. The triterpenoid pristimerin and a mixture of sesquiterpene evoninoate alkaloids, isolated from the hexane and methanol extracts, respectively, strongly reduced the insect feeding capacity. Other triterpenoids (friedelin, beta-sitosterol, canophyllol) isolated from the hexane extract, and the alditol galactitol obtained from the water extract, were innocuous or its activity was not statistically significant. The organic extracts from H. celastroides only showed moderate antifeedant activity, while the water extract was innocuous. Galactitol was also obtained from this extract. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Hidalgo, Ctr Invest Biol, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Novartis Farmaceut SA, Mexico City 04120, DF, Mexico. RP Reyes-Chilpa, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR *INI, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1, P190 ACREE F, 1950, J AM CHEM SOC, V72, P1608 BENNER JP, 1993, PESTIC SCI, V39, P95 BEROZA M, 1951, J AM CHEM SOC, V73, P3656 BHATNAGAR SS, 1951, J SCI IND RES B PH S, V10, P56 CALZADA F, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P194 CALZADA F, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V40, P583 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIA CIENTIFIC, V2 FONSECA RM, 1995, FLORA GUERRERO GERMESLOPEZ FR, 1985, THESIS U NACL AUTONO GONZALEZ AG, 1989, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V20, P17 GOODMAN KJ, 1997, CAD SAUDE PUBLICA S1, V13, P15 HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 1995, ECON BOT, V49, P197 HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P107 JACOBSON M, 1982, ECON BOT, V36, P346 JACOBSON M, 1989, ACS SYM SER, V387, P1 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 2000, CAN J CHEM, V78, P248 KARSTEN U, 1996, AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL, V23, P577 LAGUNES A, 1989, BUSQUEDA TECNOLOGIA LAGUNES A, 1990, UTILIZACION PLANTAS LEGORRETA I, 1989, THESIS U NACL AUTONO MAKINEN KK, 1985, J NUTR, V115, P890 MARTINEZ M, 1959, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MATA R, 1990, J NAT PRODUCTS, V53, P1212 NAWROT J, 1989, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V17, P55 NAWROT J, 1994, POSTHARVEST NEWS INF, V5, N17 NUNEZ JCS, 1995, SERIE CUADERNOS I BI, V25 PALACIOS J, 1989, ECON BOT, V43, P508 PEREZ RM, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V47, P85 PLOUVIER V, 1963, CHEM PLANT TAXONOMY, P313 POPOCA J, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V59, P173 SANABRIADIAGO OL, 1986, ETNOFLORA YUCATANENS SCHECHTER M, 1942, J AM CHEM SOC, V64, P182 SECOY DM, 1983, ECON BOT, V37, P28 SMITH AC, 1940, BRITTONIA, V3, P341 STANDLEY PC, 1949, FIELDIANA BOT, V24, P218 STROMBOLIAN D, 1988, SURV OPHTHALMOL, V32, P333 VILLAVICENCIO MA, 1993, INVESTIGACIONES RECI, P394 VOELTER W, 1973, TETRAHEDRON, V29, P3845 YA L, 1990, CAN J CHEM, V68, P371 NR 40 TC 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 SC Plant Sciences GA 697WK UT ISI:000183966100006 ER PT J AU Alanis, AD Calzada, F Cedillo-Rivera, R Meckes, M TI Antiprotozoal activity of the constituents of Rubus coriifolius SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rubus coriifolius; (-)-epicatechin; antiprotozoal activity; Entanioeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia ID ANTIGIARDIAL ACTIVITY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; LEAVES AB Extraction of the aerial parts of Rubus coriifolius, a medicinal plant used by the Maya communities in Southern Mexico to treat bloody diarrhoea, resulted in the isolation of seven known compounds (-)-epicatecbin, (+)catechin, hyperin, nigaichigoside F1, beta-sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, gallic acid and ellagic acid. All compounds were tested for their antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lambia. Epicatechin was the main responsible for the antiprotozoal activity of the extract against both protozoa, its activity was comparable to emetine, but no exceeded that of metronidazole. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, IMSS, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, IMSS, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Hosp Pediat Mexico City, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, IMSS, 2 Piso,Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. CR ARRIETA J, 2001, FITOTERAPIA, V72, P295 BERLIN B, 1995, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG CALZADA F, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P305 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CALZADA F, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P705 CALZADA F, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P78 KAPOOR K, 1999, INT J CLIN PHARM RES, V19, P83 KHAN IA, 2000, J NAT PROD, V63, P1414 SETO T, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P2829 NR 9 TC 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 693QY UT ISI:000183730900020 ER PT J AU Garcia, VMN Gonzalez, A Fuentes, M Aviles, M Rios, MY Zepeda, G Rojas, MG TI Antifungal activities of nine traditional Mexican medicinal plants SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal activity; medicinal plants; plant extracts; folk medicines ID BIXA-ORELLANA; SEEDS; LATEX; SEDUM AB Eighteen plant extracts from nine traditional Mexican medicinal plants were tested for antifungal activity against two dermatophyte fungal species (Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum), one non-dermatophyte (Aspergillus niger), and one yeast (Candida albicans). The strongest effect was manifested by the hexane extracts from Eupatorium aschenbornianum and Sedum oxypetalum, as well as the methanol extracts from Lysiloma acapulcensis and Annona cherimolia. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Quim Organ, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. RP Garcia, VMN, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR *WHO, 1998, WORLD HLTH REP, P39 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 AVILES M, 1994, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED AVILES M, 2001, INFORME PROGRAMA PAR CACERES A, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P195 FOSTEL JM, 2000, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V5, P25 FUENTES M, 1997, INFORME REGISTRO PLA GIORDANI R, 2001, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V78, P1 GOMEZ F, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2095 JONDIKO IJO, 1989, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V28, P3159 KIM JH, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V41, P1319 MERCADANTE AZ, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V52, P135 MONROY OC, 2000, PLANTS MED UTILIZADA MOULINTRAFFORT J, 1990, MYCOSES, V33, P383 RIOS JL, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P321 STEVENS JF, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V41, P503 NR 16 TC 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 691DU UT ISI:000183590200013 ER PT J AU Chan-Bacab, MJ Balanza, E Deharo, E Munoz, V Garcia, RD Pena-Rodriguez, LM TI Variation of leishmanicidal activity in four populations of Urechites andrieuxii SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leishmanicidal activity; Urechites andrieuxii; Apocynaceae; Leishmania spp.; cytotoxicity; Artemia salina ID BRINE SHRIMP; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; CYTOTOXICITY; CHEMOTHERAPY; INVITRO; ASSAY AB Urechites andrieuxii Muell.-Arg. (Apocynaceae) is widely used in the Yucatan Peninsula for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The influence of the environment in the variability of the leishmanicidal activity of the plant was evaluated using crude methanol extracts of roots from individuals belonging to four natural populations growing in the Yucatan Peninsula. The results of the growth inhibition test using three Leishmania spp. promastigotes showed a stronger leishmanicidal activity in populations of U. andrieuxii growing in more humid environments. Further evaluation against four human cancer cell lines and in the brine shrimp bioassay of both extracts from various parts of the plant and from the most active methanol root extracts, suggested that while the leaf extract appears to have selective toxicity against Leishmania parasites. the strong leishmanicidal activity detected in the root extracts of the plant might be due to its cytotoxicity. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Venezuela. Univ Autonoma Campeche, Lab Microbiol Ambientale & Biotecnol, Campeche 24030, Mexico. Inst Boliviano Biol Altura, Unidad Farmacognosia, La Paz, Bolivia. Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Unidad Recursos Nat, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Pena-Rodriguez, LM, Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, Calle 43 130,Col Chuburna, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Venezuela. CR ANDERSON MM, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P62 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P204 BERMAN JD, 1988, REV INFECT DIS, V10, P560 CAMPOSRIOS G, 1991, APUNTES CURSO TALLER, P23 CROFT SL, 1988, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V9, P376 DELAROSA GV, 1995, 3 REUN INV QUIM SUR, P93 FOURNET A, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V41, P19 HOCQUEMILLER R, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P445 HOFT M, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P148 IWU MM, 1994, PARASITOL TODAY, V10, P65 JIU J, 1966, LLOYDIA, V29, P250 MEYER BN, 1982, PLANTA MED, V45, P31 MUNOZ V, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P455 POPOCA J, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V59, P173 PULIDO MT, 1993, LISTA ANOTADA PLANTA, P6 SAUVAIN M, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, P167 SOLIS PN, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P250 VANHALEN M, 1991, CLIMATIC GEOGRAPHICA, P59 VAZQUEZ MI, 1991, B OFIC SANIT PANAM, V110, P402 WEIGEL MM, 1994, B SANIT PANAM, V117, P400 WHEELER NC, 1992, J NAT PRODUCTS, V55, P432 ZANI CL, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P47 NR 22 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 682LZ UT ISI:000183094500019 ER PT J AU Murillo, JI Encarnacion-Dimayuga, R Malmstrom, J Christophersen, C Franzblau, SG TI Antimycobacterial flavones from Haplopappus sonorensis SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE Haplopappus sonorensis; antimycobacterial; ermanin; kumatakenin; 5-hydroxy-3,7,4 '-trimethoxyflavone ID CALIFORNIA-SUR MEXICO; MEDICINAL-PLANTS AB Crude extracts of Haplopappus sonorensis (A. Gray) S.F. Blake (Asteraceae), showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. By assay-guided fractionation, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4'-dimethoxyflavone (2) and 5,4-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (3) were identified as the antimycobacterial principles. Compound 2 was the most active compound. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Agron, La Paz 23080, Mexico. Univ Copenhagen, HC Orsted Inst, Marine Chem Sect, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Gillis W Long Hansens Dis Ctr, Pharmacol Res Dept, Lab Res Branch, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Encarnacion-Dimayuga, R, Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Agron, AP 19-B, La Paz 23080, Mexico. CR BANSKOTA AH, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P896 CALVERT DJ, 1979, ORG MAGN RESONANCE, V12, P583 CANTRELL CL, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P139 ELSOHLY HN, 1997, PLANTA MED, V63, P384 ENCARACIONDIMAY.R, 1999, FITOTERAPIA, V70, P536 ENCARNACION R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P181 ENCARNACION R, 1996, MED TRADICIONAL POPU, P40 ENCARNACIONDIMAYUGA R, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P124 GAJHEDE M, 1990, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V45, P2012 KIMURA Y, 1967, YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, V87, P440 LEWIS DA, 1992, CHEM BRIT, V28, P141 LOPEZ EE, 1988, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED, P5 MARTINEZ J, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P142 MURILLOALVAREZ JI, 2001, PHARM BIOL, V39, P445 ROBIN V, 1998, PHARM PHARM COMMUN, V4, P61 SHREVE F, 1964, VEGETATION FLORA SON, P1482 URBATSCH LE, 1976, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V15, P440 WOLLENWEBER E, 1971, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V12, P1767 XU Y, 1979, YAO HSUEH HSUEH PAO, V14, P447 NR 19 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD APR PY 2003 VL 74 IS 3 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 679XH UT ISI:000182946900002 ER PT J AU Peeters, LYK Soto-Pinto, L Perales, H Montoya, G Ishiki, M TI Coffee production, timber, and firewood in traditional and Inga-shaded plantations in Southern Mexico SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Inga; coffee shade vegetation; traditional agroforestry systems; monetary value; secondary production; shade trees AB Traditional Mexican coffee plantations, with a diverse shade vegetation of native tree species, are being replaced by coffee monocultures shaded by trees of the genus Inga, resulting in loss of biodiversity and ecological services. Coffee production is said to benefit from Inga shade, but few on-field experiments have been done to support this hypothesis. Secondary production (timber, firewood, fruits, medicines, etc.) is probably lower in Inga-shaded coffee plantations, and that loss could outweigh benefits from increased coffee production. Coffee yields, present stock of timber, and aboveground tree biomass as an indicator of firewood production were measured and compared for plots in traditional and in Inga-shaded plantations in Plan Paredon, Chiapas, Mexico. Coffee production was similar in both plantation types. Timber production was significantly higher in traditional plantations, and amounted to ten times the timber production in Inga-shaded plantations. Total tree biomass was significantly higher in traditional coffee plantations, but not biomass of tree species apt for firewood. However, firewood production could be higher in traditional plantations. There seems to be no reason to replace traditional plantations by Inga-shaded ones in order to increase production in the plantations studied. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carretera Panamericana & Periferico Sur S N, Chiapas 29290, Mexico. RP Soto-Pinto, L, Carretera Panamericana & Periferico Sur S N, Apartado Postal 63, Chiapas 29290, Mexico. 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Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 481 EP 493 PG 13 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 669AK UT ISI:000182329600007 ER PT J AU Lira, R Caballero, J TI Ethnobotany of the wild Mexican Cucurbitaceae SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; wild useful plants; ethnobotany; Mexico AB This paper presents the results of a survey on the ethnobotany of the wild Mexican Cucurbitaceae. The sources of information were fieldwork in different regions of Mexico, as well as herbarium specimens and bibliographic references. A total of 34 wild species (26.5% of the 128 wild mexican species) of Cucurbitaceae core reported as used in 24 of the 32 states of Mexico. All of the species are called by one or more local names, and 23 are known by names in native languages. The uses comprise 12 categories, including human medicine (18), food (13), soap substitute (12), fodder (4), toy (3), drink (2), ornate (2), insecticide (1), animal Medicine (1), handicrafts (2), container (1), and ceremonial (1), and some uses date back to pre-Hispanic and colonial times. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Iztacala 54090, Estado Mexico, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Jardin Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Lira, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Apartado Postal 314, Iztacala 54090, Estado Mexico, Mexico. 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Bot. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 380 EP 398 PG 19 SC Plant Sciences GA 662AV UT ISI:000181924200008 ER PT J AU Pereda-Miranda, R Bah, M TI Biodynamic constituents in the Mexican morning glories: Purgative remedies transcending boundaries SO CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLUBLE RESIN GLYCOSIDES; RHIZOMA JALAPAE-BRAZILIENSIS; CONVOLVULUS-SCAMMONIA; IPOMOEA-OPERCULATA; MERREMIA-HUNGAIENSIS; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; TRICOLORIN-A; ROOT; VII AB Jalap, a pre-Hispanic herbal remedy still considered a useful laxative, is an ingredient in some over-the-counter products sold by herbalists in contemporary Mexico. The purgative crude drugs are prepared from the roots of several morning glories species which all have been identified as members of the Ipomoea genus (Convolvulaceae). Their incorporation as therapeutical agents into Europe is an outstanding example of the assimilation of botanical drugs from the Americas as substitutes for traditional Old World remedies. Phytochemical investigations on the resin glycosides, main constituents of these drugs, were initiated during the second half of the XIX century; however, the structures of their active ingredients had remained poorly known, and still are for some members of these purgative root species. Modern analytical techniques with higher resolution capabilities (HPLC) for the isolation of the active principles of these crude drugs used in conjunction with powerful spectroscopic methods (high field NMR) have facilitated the investigation of these relevant, to the herbal product market, convolvulaceous species during the last decade. The advantages and limitations of theses techniques will be discussed. This review will also describe the ethnobotanical information associated with the Mexican morning glory species and how the traditional usages of these plants have played an important role in the selection of these materials for chemical studies. Little is as yet known about either the mechanism of purge action caused by the resin glycosides or the ecological significance of these same compounds for the producing plants. Over the five centuries of Mexican herbal medicine, one hundred years of phytochemistry has only partially elucidated the active ingredients of the jalap roots but has exemplified how to further contemporary drug discoveries through the investigation of those plants traditionally held to be economically and medicinally important in developing countries. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Quim, Dept Quim & Farmacol Prod Nat, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Top. Med. Chem. PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 111 EP 131 PG 21 SC Chemistry, Medicinal GA 653PM UT ISI:000181445600002 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Campos-Sepulveda, AE Xolalpa-Molina, S Hernandez-Galicia, E Roman-Ramos, R TI Hypoglycaemic activity of Ibervillea sonorae roots in healthy and diabetic mice and rats SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoglycaemic plants; anti-diabetic plants; medicinal plants; Ibervillea sonorae; Cucurbitaceae ID MOMORDICA-CHARANTIA; PLANTS AB The acute effects of the freeze-dried decoction (traditional preparation) of Ibervillea sonorae Greene roots (Cucurbitaceae) on blood glucose levels were investigated in fasting mice. The plant orally administrated to healthy mice did not cause a significant decrease of the blood glucose level. However, I. sonorae reduced the blood glucose of normal mice in a dose-dependent manner after intraperitoneal injection (P < 0.05). Also, this extract significantly lowered the glycemia of mild alloxan-diabetic mice and rats, but did not in severe alloxan-diabetic rats, so it seems that this antidiabetic plant needs the presence of insulin to show its hypoglycaemic activity. Chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations of I. sonorae must continue to establish its use as an alternative in the control of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it is important to start programs leading to the preservation of this interesting resource. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Farmacol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Herbario IMSS M, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Apdo P 55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR *AM DIAB ASS, 2000, DIABETES CARE S1, V23, P20 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V72, P21 ALI L, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P408 ALPIZARSALAZAR M, 1998, SALUD COMUNITARIA, V2, P31 DESMET PAGM, 1997, DRUGS, V54, P801 KARUNANAYAKE EH, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V11, P223 KARUNANAYAKE EH, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P199 LOPEZ R, 1988, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P55 PFEFFERKORN I, 1984, DESCRIPCION PROVINCI RODRIGUEZ H, 1975, ACTA MED, V11, P33 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 TENNEKOON KH, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V44, P93 WELIHINDA J, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V17, P247 XOLALPAMOLINA S, 1994, BIBLIOTECA MED TRADI, V1, P363 NR 17 TC 4 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 570 EP 575 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 651TY UT ISI:000181339200004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Avila, M Arriaga-Alba, M de la Garza, M HernandezPretelin, MD Dominguez-Ortiz, MA Fattel-Fazenda, S Villa-Trevino, S TI Antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and ROS scavenging activities of a Rhoeo discolor ethanolic crude extract SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE antimutagenic; antigenotoxic; Rhoeo discolor extract; antioxidant; chemoprotection ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY; RAT HEPATOCYTES; BETA-CAROTENE; AFLATOXIN B-1; CARCINOGENESIS; DNA; MUTAGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY; FLAVONOIDS AB Rhoeo discolor is a legendary plant used for treatment of superficial mycoses in Mexican traditional medicine. Despite its extended use, it is not known whether it has side-effects. An ethanolic crude extract from Rhoeo discolor was prepared, its mutagenic capacity was investigated by the Ames test, and its genotoxic activity in primary liver cell cultures using the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay. This extract was not mutagenic when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98 and TA100, and it did not elicit unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocyte cultures. In addition, we explored the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities of the extract and its ROS scavenger behaviour. Our results show that Rhoeo extract is antimutagenic for S. typhimurium strain TA102 pretreated with ROS-generating mutagen norfloxacin in the Ames test, and protects liver cell cultures against diethylnitrosamine induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis even at 1.9 ng per dish, which was the lowest dose tested. A free radical scavenging test was used in order to explore the antioxidant capacity of Rhoeo extract, as compared with three commercial well-known antioxidants quercetin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. Rhoeo extract showed less radical scavenging effect than quercetin, but similar to that of alpha-tocopherol and more than ascorbic acid. It is important to note that this extract was neither mutagenic in S. typhimuriurn nor genotoxic in liver cell culture, even at concentrations as high as four- and 166-fold of those needed for maximal antimutagenic or chemoprotective activities, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Biol Celular, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Hosp Juarez Mexico, Direcc Invest & Ensenanza, Lab Invest Microbiol, Mexico City 07760, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Fac Med, Mexico City 96780, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Ciencias Basicas, Jalapa Ver 96520, Mexico. RP Villa-Trevino, S, Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Biol Celular, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. 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Vitro PD FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 SC Toxicology GA 645CQ UT ISI:000180959000009 ER PT J AU Pena, JC TI Concept of disease and illness of kidney in nahuatl medicine. Synthesis of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican medicine SO REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA LA Spanish DT Article DE kidney; nahuatl medicine; pre-Colombian medicine; Meso-america AB Medicine in Mesoamerican cultures began in the year 1,500 BC and ended with the conquest and destruction of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1521 by the Spanish conquerors. Mesoamerica began with the Olmeca civilization followed by the Teotihuacans, Toltecs and Mayans, and perished during the Nahoa empire. The medicine used by the Aztecs (ticiotl) is undoubtedly the sum of all Mesoamerican medicine. The medical history of the ticiotl was recovered in the years that followed the conquest from the works of Bernardino de Sahagun, Francisco Hernandez and the Cruz-Badiano codex. All these works described the use of plants and herbs in the treatment of diseases, including edema, urinary retention, kidney stones, and podagra. The Aztec doctors (Titici) were well acquainted with innumerable diseases and were excellent healers of wounds and fractures. The works of modern historians confirm the theory of the ticiotl medicine. The later used a complex and philosophically elaborated medical theory based on, religion, astronomy, divination and the polarity cold/warm; different from the four humor theory of the galenic medicine. They demonstrated that every culture is capable of understand and "invent" the meaning of disease and its cure, even when it is different from our modern medical views. C1 Hosp Mocel, Unidad Hemodialisis, Mexico City 11850, DF, Mexico. RP Pena, JC, Hosp Mocel, Unidad Hemodialisis, Gelati 29-304,San Miguel Chapultepec, Mexico City 11850, DF, Mexico. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 54 IS 5 BP 474 EP 481 PG 8 SC Medicine, General & Internal GA 628QR UT ISI:000180008300012 ER PT J AU de Mejia, EG Ramirez-Mares, MV Nair, MG TI Topoisomerase I and II enzyme inhibitory aqueous extract of Ardisia compressa and ardisin protect against benomyl oxidation of hepatocytes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ardisia compressa; ardisin; epigallocatechin gallate; benomyl; oxidative stress; antioxidant protection ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TEA EXTRACTS; BLACK TEA; GLUTATHIONE; RATS; CYTOTOXICITY; THEAFLAVINS; ANTIOXIDANT; METABOLISM; FUNGICIDE AB Tea preparations of Ardisia compressa (AC) have been used in folk medicine against liver disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro topoisomerase I and II enzyme inhibition and the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract from dry leaves of AC and a pure component (ardisin) purified from AC on benomyl (Be)-induced cytotoxicity in primary culture rat hepatocytes. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels were studied. Topoisomerase I and II enzyme inhibition was used to guide purification of ardisin, which was purified using TLC, MPLC, and preparative and analytical HPLC methods. Benomyl increased malondialdehyde (58% change in comparison to the control) and glutathione peroxidase (10%), producing a significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant glutathione (65%, P < 0.05). A 94% hepatocyte protection was observed when cells were first exposed to ardisin (0.27 mug/mL), followed by Be (35 mug/mL). Cell protection by the tea extract of AC (AE) was greater than that by (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG). Ardisin showed a clear inhibition of topoisomerases I and II catalytic activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells JN 394, JN394(t-1), and JN394t-(2-5). The potency of ardisin was superior to that of AE and EGCG as an antioxidant, protecting rat hepatocytes when exposed to Be. On the basis of the effective concentrations of equivalents to {+}catechin found in the present study, it can be estimated that, in order to gain antioxidative protection, a person would need to ingest approximately 1 L of AC tea per day, with a total content of 10.8 g of plant material. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Queretaro, Sch Chem, Queretaro 76010, Mexico. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP de Mejia, EG, Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 228 ERML,M-C 051,11201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CR AKERBOOM TPM, 1989, METHOD ENZYMOL, V173, P523 BANKS D, 1997, TOXICOLOGY, V116, P177 BENELLI R, 2002, BIOL CHEM, V383, P101 BRADFORD MM, 1976, ANAL BIOCHEM, V72, P248 BUETLER TM, 2002, AM J CLIN NUTR, V75, P749 CHO KH, 2000, EUR J CANCER, V36, P2146 DALVI RR, 1992, TOXICOLOGY, V71, P63 DEMEJIA EG, 2002, TOXICOLOGY, V179, P61 DOUCH PGC, 1973, XENOBIOTICA, V3, P367 DUFRESNE CJ, 2001, J NUTR BIOCHEM, V12, P404 ESTERBAUER H, 1988, BASIC LIFE SCI, V2001, P369 FADHEL ZA, 2002, PHYTOTHER RES S1, V16, S28 FENG Q, 2001, FREE RADICAL RES, V35, P779 HODGSON JM, 2002, J NUTR, V132, P55 IGBEDIOH SO, 1996, DISCOV INNOVAT, V8, P241 KATIYAR SK, 1993, CARCINOGENESIS, V14, P849 KHOKHAR KS, 2002, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V50, P565 LEAL M, 1998, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V12, P133 LIANG BL, 1979, KO HSUEH TUNG PAP, V24, P910 LIN YL, 1996, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V44, P1387 NIJVELDT RJ, 2001, AM J CLIN NUTR, V74, P418 NITISS J, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P7501 NITISS JL, 1993, CANCER RES, V53, P89 RADICE S, 1997, TOXICOLOGY, V123, P135 RAMIREZMARES MV, 1999, TOXICOL IN VITRO, V13, P889 RIECK P, 1993, J TISSUE CULT METHOD, V15, P37 ROTH GN, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P542 SEGLEN PO, 1976, METHOD CELL BIOL, V13, P29 SHIRAKI M, 1994, MUTAT RES, V323, P29 STAUB RE, 1998, CHEM RES TOXICOL, V11, P535 URANI C, 1995, TOXICOL LETT, V76, P135 VACA CE, 1992, CARCINOGENESIS, V13, P593 WISEMAN S, 2001, ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN, V3, P1009 YEN GC, 1995, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V43, P27 YEN GC, 1997, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V45, P30 YOSHINO K, 1994, BIOL PHARM BULL, V17, P146 NR 36 TC 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 26 BP 7714 EP 7719 PG 6 SC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology GA 625UJ UT ISI:000179833700035 ER PT J AU Pohlan, J TI Complementary effects of weeds in coffee plantations in Chiapas, Mexico SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION LA German DT Article DE coffee; weed communities; complementary effects; biomass; yield parameters AB The State of Chiapas, with 76.000 ha of coffee plantations is the most important growing area in Mexico. The coffee ecosystem with Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora are characterized by different intensities of cultivating, high diversity of soil and climatic conditions and are distributed between 450 and 1800 m a.s.l. The ethnic and cultural differences among coffee growers, small holders and farmers, influence cultivation practices leading to differences in the structure and composition of weed communities. Field experiments were carried out in three different areas of the Soconusco region of Chiapas. The dominance of weeds, the growth and yield of coffee were used to evaluate quantitatively the effects of different weed management regimes. Additionally, the use of weeds as medicinal, spice and vegetable plants, was studied. C1 Colegio Frontera Sur, ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. Univ Bonn, Inst Obst & Gemusebau, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Pohlan, J, Colegio Frontera Sur, ECOSUR, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2,5,Apdo Postal 3, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. EM drjpohlan@excite.com CR AGUILAR V, 2001, THESIS SWEDISH U AGR BERLIN B, 1990, PROCOMITH CHIAPAS SE, V1 FRIESSLEBEN U, 1991, CAFE CACAO, V35 GUHARAY F, 2000, CATIE SERIE TECNICA, V44 MARTINEZ E, 1994, CAFETICULTURA ECOLOG POHLAN J, 1993, 8 S EWRS 1993 P, V2, P831 POHLAN J, 2000, Z PFLKRANKH PFLSCHUT, V17, P761 POHLAN J, 2001, 1 S INT PLANT MED FI, P12 POHLAN J, 2001, 5 C MEX REC FOR GUAD POHLAN J, 2001, FRUTICULTURA ORGANIC POSSO PS, 2000, MALEZAS PLANTAS UTIL STAVER C, 1999, AGROFORESTRY SUSTAIN NR 12 TC 0 PU EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 700561 WOLLGRASWEG 41, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-8159 J9 Z PFLANZENKR PFLANZENSCH JI Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzens.-J. Plant Dis. Prot. PY 2002 SI Sp. Iss. 18 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences GA V41ZD UT ISI:000202836900020 ER PT J AU Lozoya, X Reyes-Morales, H Chavez-Soto, MA Martinez-Garcia, MD Soto-Gonzalez, Y Doubova, SV TI Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Psidium guajava L.; intestinal anti-spasmodic; phytodrug; acute diarrheic disease ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; QUERCETIN; EXTRACTS; ILEUM; MICE; INHIBITION; PLANTS; LEAVES; MODEL AB Ancestral medicinal use of guava (Psidium guajava L. Fam. Myrtaceae) is today supported by numerous biomedical studies concerning the properties of leaf extracts. However, insufficient clinical studies are reported on the use of this plant resource in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments. The present work reports a randomized, double-blinded, clinical study performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a phytodrug (QG-5(R)) developed from guava leaves, standardized in its content of quercetin and orally administered to a group of adult patients with acute diarrheic disease. Capsules containing 500 mg of the product were administered to 50 patients every 8 h during 3 days. Results obtained showed that the used guava product decreased the duration of abdominal pain in these patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Especialidades, Lab Plantas Med,Unidad Invest Enfermedades Neurol, Mexico City 06920, DF, Mexico. Mexican Inst Social Secur, IMSS, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Unit, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Mexican Inst Social Secur, IMSS, Div Clin Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Mexican Inst Social Secur, IMSS, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Lozoya, X, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Hosp Especialidades, Lab Plantas Med,Unidad Invest Enfermedades Neurol, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06920, DF, Mexico. CR *WHO, 1990, MAN TREATM DIARRH US AGUILAR A, 1994, TREINTA CINCO MONOGR, V2, P45 AGUILAR A, 1996, PLANTAS MED HERBARIO, P28 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 COLLIER WA, 1949, CHRON NAT, V105, P8 COUTINORODRIGUEZ R, 2001, ARCH MED RES, V32, P251 FANNING MJ, 1983, INT ARCH ALLER A IMM, V71, P371 GALVEZ J, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P66 GNAN SO, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P103 GRAEFE EU, 2001, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V41, P492 JAIRAJ P, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V67, P203 LOZOYA X, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P155 LOZOYA X, 1994, ARCH MED RES, V25, P11 LOZOYA X, 1999, XIUHPATLI HERBA OFFI, P127 LUTTERODT GD, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V24, P219 LUTTERODT GD, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V25, P235 LUTTERODT GD, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V37, P151 LUTTERODT GD, 1993, ASIA PACIFIC J PHARM, V8, P83 LUTTERODT GD, 1994, ASIA PAC J PHARMACOL, V9, P189 MAIKEREFANIYO R, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V26, P101 MANACH C, 2001, FREE RADICAL RES, V33, P667 MARTINDALE, 1999, COMPLETE DRUG REFERE, P1187 MECKES M, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P600 MELI R, 1990, PHYTOTHER RES, V4, P201 MOON JH, 2001, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V384, P391 MORALES MA, 1994, ARCH MED RES, V25, P17 MORON RF, 1999, REV CUBANA PLANTAS M, V3, P54 POLIUKHOVICH GS, 1991, VOPROSY MED KHIMII, V37, P54 RODRIGUEZ LE, 1997, REV CUBANA PLANTAS M, V2, P26 SHAHEEN HM, 2000, PHYTOTHER RES, V14, P107 TAKAHAMA U, 2001, PLANT CELL PHYSL, V41, P1021 TONA L, 2000, PHYTOMEDICINE, V7, P31 WIE L, 2000, CHINESE J INTEGRATED, V20, P893 NR 33 TC 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 613WD UT ISI:000179153700004 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Araiza, M Gomez, M Heredia, N TI Inhibition of growth, enterotoxin production, and spore formation of Clostridium perfringens by extracts of medicinal plants SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION AB The extracts of 14 plants used in the traditional medicine of Mexico were evaluated for their effects on the growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production of Clostridium perfringens type A. The extracts of Psidium guajava L., Haemotoxylon brasiletto, and Euphobia prostata were the most effective inhibitors of growth, spore formation, and enterotoxin production. No enterotoxins were detected when extracts were added to the media at less than the MIC for growth. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Nicolas 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Heredia, N, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Apartado Postal 124-F, San Nicolas 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. CR BALANDRIN MF, 1985, SCIENCE, V228, P1154 CACERES A, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P55 DEWIT JC, 1979, J FOOD PROTECT, V42, P222 GARCIAALVARADO JS, 1992, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V58, P1411 HEREDIA NL, 1997, J FOOD PROTECT, V60, P998 HEREDIA NL, 2001, GUIDE FOODBORNE PATH, P133 LARSON HE, 1988, J INFECT DIS, V157, P390 MEGLI R, 1990, PHYTOTHER RES, V4, P201 RODRIGUEZROMO LA, 1998, J FOOD PROTECT, V61, P201 SANCHEZGARCIA CA, 1995, THESIS U AUTONOMA NU SHETTY K, 1998, ASIA PAC J CLIN NUTR, V7, P270 STEVENS DL, 1987, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V31, P213 TRANTER HS, 1993, J APPL BACTERIOL, V74, P253 VERASTEGUI MA, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P175 NR 14 TC 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1667 EP 1669 PG 3 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 602DK UT ISI:000178490300025 ER PT J AU Lira, R Villasenor, JL Ortiz, E TI A proposal for the conservation of the family Cucurbitaceae in Mexico SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE biogeography; conservation; Cucurbitaceae; Mexico ID SELECTION AB The pantropical Cucurbitaceae is one of the most important families of vascular plants. The family includes 118 genera and 825 species, and Mexico is one of its most important centers of diversity, with 34 genera and 141 species and subspecific taxa, including 13 cultivated ones. Five genera and 70 taxa are endemic to the country. Some Mexican and Latin American wild species are close relatives of important crops, and others are employed as food or medicine. Accordingly, in countries like Mexico the conservation of members of this family should be a priority. In this paper a list of members of Cucurbitaceae occurring in Mexico and their distribution patterns at state level are discussed. Using cluster strategies, the states were classified according to their floristic similarities. Hotspots of total diversity and endemisms at state level are identified, in order to discuss their role in future conservation strategies. Iterative methods applied by conservation biology to determine the best places for conservation are used to identify hierarchically the most important states that merit to be considered in this goal. Results indicate that implementing conservation strategies in half of the states would allow the protection of all the diversity found in the country, especially the endemisms. The combination of the results provided by the different methods is also discussed as a possibly more efficient way to propose conservation strategies for important species of the family. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Lira, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Av Barrios S-N, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. CR ALCAZARPESTANA MA, 1990, THESIS U NACL AUTONO ANDRES TC, 1987, CUCURBIT GENET COOP, V10, P69 ANDRES TC, 1988, FAO IBPGR PLANT GENE, V75, P21 ANDRES TC, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P102 ARORA RK, 1984, SCI MONOGRAPHS NATL, V7 ARRIAGACABRERA L, 2000, REGIONES TERRESTRES BUKASOV SM, 1981, PLANTAS CULTIVADAS M CHAKRAVARTY HL, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P325 DECKERWALTERS DS, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P96 ESQUINASALCAZAR JT, 1983, GENETIC RESOURCES CU HILBIG W, 1982, BIOL ECOLOGY WEEDS, P57 JEFFREY C, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P449 JONES CE, 1994, NOVON, V4, P373 KEARNS DM, 1992, MADRONO, V39, P301 KEARNS DM, 1994, MADRONO, V41, P13 KEARNS DM, 1994, MADRONO, V41, P23 KIRKPATRICK JB, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P466 LAWTON JH, 1994, SYSTEMATICS CONSERVA, V50, P177 LIRA R, 1988, THESIS I NACL INVEST LIRA R, 1991, BRENESIA, V35, P19 LIRA R, 1992, CULTIVOS MARGINADOS, P61 LIRA R, 1992, CULTIVOS MARGINADOS, P77 LIRA R, 1995, SYSTEMATIC ECOGEOGRA, V9 LIRA R, 1995, THESIS U NACL AUTONO LIRA R, 1996, CONQUISTA COMIDA CON, P199 LIRA R, 1996, SECHIUM EDULE JACQ S LIRA R, 1997, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V41, P17 LIRA R, 1997, S ETN 97 U AUT YUC M LIRA R, 1998, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V42, P43 LIRA R, 1998, B SOC BOT MEX, V62, P77 LIRA R, 1999, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V48, P11 LIRA R, 1999, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V49, P47 LIRA R, 1999, BRITTONIA, V51, P204 LIRA R, 1999, CUCURBITACEAE AL JUS MARTIN P, 1998, GENTRYS RIO MAYO PLA MERRICK LC, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P77 MERRICK LC, 1991, THESIS CORNELL U ITH NEE M, 1990, ECON BOT, V44, P56 NEE M, 1993, CUCURBITACEAE FLORA NEWSTROM LE, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P141 NEWSTROM LE, 1991, ECON BOT, V45, P410 OKOLI B, 1984, ECON BOT, V38, P350 PORTERFIELD WM, 1943, J NEW YORK BOT GARDE, V44, P134 PORTERFIELD WM, 1951, ECON BOT, V5, P3 PORTERFIELD WM, 1955, ECON BOT, V9, P211 PRESSEY RL, 1993, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V8, P124 PRESTON FW, 1948, ECOLOGY, V29, P254 REBELO AG, 1994, STRELITZIA, V1, P231 RODRIGUEZJIMENE.C, 1995, ANALES I BIOLOGIA, V66, P171 ROHLF FJ, 1997, NTSYS NUMERICAL TAXO RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO RZEDOWSKI J, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V14, P3 SCHULTES RE, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P307 SOUSA M, 1993, BIOL DIVERSITY MEXIC, P459 TURPIE JK, 2000, BIOL CONSERV, V92, P59 VANEWRIGHT RI, 1991, BIOL CONSERV, V55, P235 VILLASENOR JL, 1990, ALISO, V12, P685 VILLASENOR JL, 1993, REV SOC MEXICANA HIS, V44, P117 VILLASENOR JL, 1998, CATALOGO MALEZAS TCU VILLASENOR JL, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P1066 WHITAKER TW, 1962, CUCURBITS BOT CULTIV WHITAKER TW, 1990, BIOL UTILIZATION CUC, P318 WILSON HD, 1994, ECON BOT, V49, P293 YANG SL, 1992, ECON BOT, V46, P349 ZIZUMBOVILLARRE.D, 1986, B ESCUELA CIENCIAS A, V13, P15 NR 65 TC 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1720 PG 22 SC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences GA 597CJ UT ISI:000178204300001 ER PT J AU Abe, F Nagafuji, S Yamauchi, T Okabe, H Maki, J Higo, H Akahane, H Aguilar, A Jimenez-Estrada, M Reyes-Chilpa, R TI Trypanocidal constituents in plants 1. Evaluation of some Mexican plants for their trypanocidal activity and active constituents in Guaco, roots of Aristolochia taliscana SO BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE trypanocidal activity; Trypanosoma cruzi; Aristolochia taliscana; Chagas' disease; neolignan; lignan ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; EUPOMATIA-LAURINA; LIGNANS; GROWTH; LEAVES; BARK AB Crude extracts of Mexican medicinal plants were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the etiological agent for Chagas' disease, one of the most serious protozoan diseases in Latin America. There were 43 kinds of methanolic and other organic extracts from 39 plants which were examined by the preliminary screening test to see immobilization of epimastigotes of T cruzi in vitro. Eighteen of them showed activity at the concentration of 2 mg/ml after incubation for 2 h, while 13 showed activity at the concentration of 1 mg/ml after incubation for 48 h. Among them, the MeOH extract of roots of Aristolochia taliscana (Aristolochiaceae), locally known as "Guaco" immobilized all the epimastigotes even at lower concentration of 0.5 mg/ml (48h). In order to identify principal compounds for this activity, the MeOH extract of Guaco was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. From the active fractions, four neolignans, eupomatenoid-7 (1), licarin A (2), eupomatenoid-1 (5) and licarin B (6), and two lignans, austrobailignan-7 (3) and fragransin E-1 (4) were isolated. Compounds 1-4 immobilized all the epimastigotes at the minimum concentration of 25-75 mug/ml after incubation for 48 h, while compounds 5 and 6 were inactive. Corresponding concentration of gossypol, berberine chloride and harmine was 280 mug/ml, 300 mug/ml and >500 mug/ml, respectively. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Kitasato Univ, Sch Med, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. Mexican Inst Social Secur, Herbarium, Natl Med Ctr, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Chem, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Abe, F, Fukuoka Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Jonan Ku, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. CR *WHO, 1999, WHO TROP DIS RES PRO ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V3 BASTOS JK, 1999, PLANTA MED, V65, P541 BAUM SG, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V78, P4571 BOWDEN BF, 1972, AUST J CHEM, V25, P2659 CACERES A, 1993, ENFENNEDADES TROPICA, P140 CACERES A, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P195 CASTRO C, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P281 CAVIN JC, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P89 DIAZ JL, 1976, IMEPLAM, P145 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P896 GUTTERIDGE WE, 1985, BRIT MED BULL, V41, P162 HADA S, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P563 HOCQUEMILLER R, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P445 MCCREDIE RS, 1969, AUST J CHEM, V22, P1011 MONTAMAT EE, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P288 MURPHY ST, 1975, AUST J CHEM, V28, P81 READ RW, 1979, AUST J CHEM, V32, P2317 SCHLEMPER BR, 1977, J PROTOZOOL, V24, P544 SEPULVEDABOZA S, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P98 TAKAOKA D, 1976, B CHEM SOC JPN, V49, P3564 UMEZAWA ES, 2001, LANCET, V357, P797 NR 24 TC 17 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN SN 0918-6158 J9 BIOL PHARM BULL JI Biol. Pharmacol. Bull. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1188 EP 1191 PG 4 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 589FL UT ISI:000177748000016 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Medel, MD Pereda-Miranda, R TI Cytotoxic anthraquinone derivatives from Picramnia antidesma SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article ID OXANTHRONE AB Activity-guided investigation of crude extracts prepared from the root bark of Picramnia antidesma, a medicinal plant long used for the treatment of malaria in tropical areas of the Americas, when tested on KB cells led to the isolation of a new compound, 10-epi-uveoside, from a cytotoxic fraction containing a rich mixture of anthrone glycosides. The antiplasmodial activity proved to be a result of the high levels of cytotoxicity displayed by the anthraquinone derivatives and therefore infusions from this crude drug lack the selectivity index needed to be an effective antimalarial agent. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Ciencias Basicas, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Farm, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR ANGERHOFER CK, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P59 CABRAL JA, 1993, J NAT PROD, V56, P1954 DESJARDINS RE, 1979, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V16, P710 FERNANDO ES, 1995, TAXON, V44, P177 HERNANDEZMEDEL MD, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V43, P279 HERNANDEZMEDEL MD, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V50, P1379 HERNANDEZMEDEL MR, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V48, P2599 MACKINNON S, 1997, J NAT PROD, V60, P336 RODRIGUEZGAMBOA T, 1999, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V51, P583 SOLIS PN, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V38, P477 SPENCER CF, 1947, LLOYDIA, V10, P145 STANDLEY PC, 1961, TREES SHRUBS MEXICO, P541 NR 12 TC 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 6 BP 556 EP 558 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 574PL UT ISI:000176898700020 ER PT J AU Reyes-Salas, EO Rangel-Ordonez, L Manzanilla-Cano, JA Barcelo-Quintal, MH Dosal-Gomez, MA TI Voltammetric determination of caffeic acid in Arnica montana SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE voltammetry; caffeic acid; Arnica montana; galenical preparations; natural medicine ID CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHENOLICS AB Arnica montana is a medicinal plant. Its biological activity is related to carboxyphenolic acids such as caffeic acid. This paper proposes a caffeic acid quantification method of Arnica montana tinctures by lineal sweep voltammetry with a platinum rotating disc electrode. Tinctures showed a number of electrochemical signals: two of them corresponding to caffeic acid oxidation. One of these signals was found to be controlled by a diffusion process and was used to quantify caffeic acid in the tinctures. The caffeic acid detection limit was established at 385 mug L-1, and tincture concentration ranged from 161 to 265 mg L-1. C1 Univ Yucatan, Fac Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, Merida 97150, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Manzanilla-Cano, JA, Univ Yucatan, Fac Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, Calle 41 421 Ex Terrenos El Fenix, Merida 97150, Yucatan, Mexico. CR BARD AJ, 1980, ELECTROCHEMICAL METH BRUNNER H, 1969, DTSCH APT ZTG, V44, P1723 CHIAVARI G, 1988, ANALYST, V113, P91 COX PA, 1994, SCI AM JUN, P82 DIMITRIC JM, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P5536 DIMITRICMARKOVI.JM, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P5530 EXARCHOU V, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P2 FESEN MR, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P2399 FESSENDEN RJ, 1982, ORGANIC CHEM HENNING L, 1991, INTRO GUIDE KILMARTIN PA, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P1957 KORTUM T, 1965, TREATISE ELECTROCHEM MARINI D, 1984, B CHIM PHARM, V123, P83 MILLER JC, 1988, STAT ANAL CHEM MILNER GWC, 1957, PRINCIPLES APPL POLA NAKATANI N, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P5512 RAPTA P, 1995, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V18, P901 ROMANI A, 2000, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V48, P1197 ROSSETTI V, 1984, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V22, P53 SAWYER DT, 1995, ELECTROCHEMISTRY CHE TREASE GE, 1972, PHARMACOGNOSY WANG J, 1983, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V153, P325 YU J, 2001, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V49, P4352 NR 23 TC 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 971 EP 984 PG 14 SC Chemistry, Analytical GA 571YR UT ISI:000176747200003 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Roman-Ramos, R Flores-Saenz, JL Aguirre-Garcia, F TI Investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of four Mexican medicinal plants in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bidens pilosa; Psacalium peltatum; Salvia officinalis; Turnera diffusa; hypoglycaemic extracts; antidiabetic plants AB The hypoglycaemic activities of four water ethanol extracts (WEE) prepared from Bidens pilosa L., Salvia officinalis 1,., Psacalium peltatum H.B.K. (Cass) and Turnera diffusa Willd. were investigated in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. The WEE of S. officinalis significantly reduced the blood glucose of fasting normal mice 120 (15.7%) and 240 min (30.2%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05). The WEE of A peltatum and B. pilosa also significantly diminished glycaemia in healthy mice at 240 min (19.6% and 13.8%, respectively). In mildly diabetic mice, the WEE of P. peltatum lowered the basal blood glucose level 120 (16%) and 240 min (54%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05 and p <, 0.01, respectively). The WEE of B. pilosa and S. officinalis also significantly diminished the hyperglycaemia in mildly diabetic mice at 240 mins (32.6% and 22.7%, respectively). The administration of these three extracts to animals with severe hyperglycaemia did not cause a significant decrease. The WEE of T. diffusa did not show any hypoglycaemic activity. Thus, three of the WEE studied conserved the hypoglycaemic activity originally detected in the traditional preparations of the studied antidiabetic plants. It appears that these extracts require the presence of insulin to show hypoglycaemic activity. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Dept Biotecnol, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Apartado Postal 55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 ALVAREZ L, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P355 BYE R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P65 KAPADIA G, 1990, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V28, P67 KINGHUA Z, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, P217 LONGLII, 1967, HSUEH HUI TSA CHIH, V66, P58 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 PEREZ RM, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P253 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P55 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 SCHEEN AJ, 1998, DRUGS, V55, P225 SULLIVAN G, 1981, VET HUM TOXICOL, V23, P6 WALLER DP, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P189 ZARZUELO A, 1990, LIFE SCI, V47, P909 NR 18 TC 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 567KR UT ISI:000176484400017 ER PT J AU Nigh, R TI Maya medicine in the biological gaze - Bioprospecting research as herbal fetishism SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MEXICO; CHIAPAS; CONSERVATION; IDENTITY AB The relationship of human societies to territory and natural resources is being drastically altered by a series of global agreements concerning trade, intellectual property, and the conservation and use of genetic resources. Through a characteristic style of collective appropriation of their tropical ecosystems, Maya societies have created local institutions for governing access to their common resources. However, new mechanisms of global governance require access to Maya biodiversity for world commercial interests. The Chiapas Highland Maya already face this prospect in the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group drug discovery project, which proposes to use Maya medical knowledge to screen plants for potential pharmaceuticals. The ethnobiological focus of the project emphasizes the naturalistic aspects of Maya medicine, primarily the use of herbal remedies. This biological gaze decontextualizes the situated knowledge of Maya healers, ignoring the cultural context in which they create and apply that knowledge. The search for raw materials for the production of universal medical technology results in symbolic violence to the cultural logic of Maya peoples. Only the full recognition of Maya peoples' collective rights to territory and respect for their local common-resource institutions will provide ultimate protection for their cultural and natural patrimony. C1 Ctr Invest & Estudio Super Anthropol Social Surest, San Cristobal Las Crusas 29247, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Nigh, R, Ctr Invest & Estudio Super Anthropol Social Surest, Carretera S Juan Chamula Km 3-5, San Cristobal Las Crusas 29247, Chiapas, Mexico. 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Anthropol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 SI Sp. Iss. SI BP 451 EP 477 PG 27 SC Anthropology GA 549LH UT ISI:000175445000005 ER PT J AU Castillo, P Zamilpa, A Marquez, J Hernandez, G Lara, M Alvarez, L TI Comparative study of differentiation levels and valepotriate content of in vitro cultures and regenerated and wild plants of Valeriana edulis ssp procera SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB Valepotriate content levels in samples of in vitro cultures of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera were compared with those of roots and rhizomes of wild plants in the reproductive stage. Rhizomes and roots of regenerated and wild plants showed a similar valepotriate content. The data obtained support the hypothesis that valepotriate production in V. edulis spp. procera is closely related to rhizome and root differentiation. The large-scale propagation of this endangered plant may offer an attractive alternative for its production for medicinal purposes. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavacca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Sobre Fijac Nitrogeno, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. RP Alvarez, L, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Ave Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. 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PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 573 EP 575 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 547HV UT ISI:000175327700030 ER PT J AU Berenzon, S Saavedra, N TI Present of the herbal medicine in the treatment of emotional problems: narrations of urban healers. SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE medicinal plants; traditional medicine; emotional problems; Mexico City AB The objective of this paper is to examine the use of herbal medicine as a tool for treating emotional problems. The narration of folk heaters from Mexico City is the main source of information. Viesca (1993) indicate,; that herbal medicine can be studied from two different approaches. One of them is to study the properties and pharmacological characteristics of the plants. The second approach is to study medicinal plants within their cultural surroundings, that is, to explore what people think about medicinal plants, why they use them and how they justify its use. This last approach was chosen to carry out this research. Introduction. In ancient Mexico, disease was conceived as the result of the action of the gods and entities from the infraworld; these characters caused an imbalance that lead to diverse diseases (Lozoya, 1998). According to the latter, pre hispanic medicine helped the patient restore balance in two different ways. First, through magical-religious practices and prayers; second, through the therapeutic properties of plants and other natural products. As a general rule, both therapeutic procedures were applied simultaneously (Somolinos, 1976). The main testimonies about the use of plants in traditional medicine are modest and were written by the first missioners. The most important documents are "The General History of the things of New Spain" by Fray Bernardino de Sahagun; "The Badiano Codex"; "The natural history of the New Spain" and "The second letter of relation" (Somolinos 1976; Viesca 1976). Pre Hispanic healers had a considerable knowledge about the curative effects of diverse plants, but they believed that each plant also had a mystical component. For this reason, before cropping, curing and preparing the plant a special ritual was necessary (Lozova, 1998). The use of the plants changed upon the Spaniards' arrival. The cultural, magic and religious components were suppressed. Nevertheless, some heaters continued using medicinal plants during the Colony as a core resource to treat any disease (Aguirre, 1963). During the XIX Century pharmacology was born along with the industrial production of pills, tonics, etc. This development marked subsequent study of medicinal plants; the main concern was to identify the active components. At the present time, the Mexican herbal medicine, as the empirical use of the plants for the treatment of diverse diseases, has a historical dimension. Currently Mexican herbal medicine has fused with pre hispanic knowledge, Spanish medicine and current urban medicine, During the past years, other elements such as medical practices from China and India have also been incorporated (Hersch, 1999). On the other hand, there has been a fast development of phytopharmaceutics (medicines extracted from plants). Such products, as well as Mexican medicinal Fora, are rigorously studied from different perspectives and disciplines (Lozoya, 1998). Methods. The narration of 13 folk healers from Mexico City is the main source of information. A qualitative approach was used in this study. The First step consisted on selecting the, health-disease and healing techniques issues to be studied. Subsequently, data collection sources and techniques (interview and observation guides) were selected, Theoretical sampling (Glasser and Strauss, 1967) was the strategy used to select informants. In this case, the number of people interviewed is not as important as the information the provide to study and interpret the subjects of interest. The process finishes when interviews with additional informants do not produce new information for understanding the phenomenon; this process is known as saturation. Interviews were recorded and later transcribed. The interview guide included several topics, however, this paper only presents information regarding the therapeutic resources used by the healers. The information obtained through interviews was complemented with field notes that accounted for observations (the place, the interviewee, etc,) as well as sensations and experiences lived by the interviewer; field notes allowed to register objective and subjective traits involved in the field work. Narrations were classified through the "meaning categorization" technique, which allows the recognition of mutually exclusive categories for complex narrations, in order to understand the interviews. The categories presented herein include: a) the place, where the healers obtain the plants, b) the acquisition of knowledge about plants and their uses, c) the tjpe of plants used for treating emotional problems, and d) the role of medicinal plants within the whole complex treatment process. It is worth mentioning that plant classification was based upon healers' reports. This, study did not involve sample plant recollection for later identification and chemical analysis. Moreover, this information was complemented with a review of literature reporting several pharmacological and chemical studies (Martinez, 1987; Davila-Aranda & German Ramirez, 1991; Argueta Villamar, et al., 1994; Aguilar-Contreras, 1994; Heinze & Ontiveros, 1998; Hersch-Martinez, 1999). Results. Ten folk healers indicated that the), acquired their knowledge about the plants from family members, The education process occurs in several stages and is based on empirical learning. The healers know how and when plants must be cut. Nevertheless, most of them buy the plants in a market either fresh or dry. This form of obtaining the plants responds to the ecological limitations of Mexico City. The plants more frequently used with therapeutic purposes to treat emotional problems are: alpiste, azahar, damiana de California, bierba de san Juan, flor de manita; flor de tila, lecbuga, malva, pasiflora, tumbaraquero, toronjil and valeriana. The uses and recommendations to use the plants depend upon 1) the tape of disease or each patient's condition; 2) the symptoms observed by the healer, and 3) the empirical knowledge about the effectiveness of certain medicinal plants to treat emotional disorders. Finally, it is important to mention that, according to the interviewed healers, medicinal plants arc: the main resource for treating organic or physical problems, but they are not as important in the treatment of emotional problems; in order to be as effective they should be combined,with other resources such as magical-religious rituals or curative ceremonies. C1 Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. RP Berenzon, S, Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Direcc Invest Epidemiol & Psicosociales, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. 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PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 SC Psychiatry GA 542XW UT ISI:000175071800008 ER PT J AU Navarrete, A Trejo-Miranda, JL Reyes-Trejo, L TI Principles of root bark of Hippocratea excelsa (Hippocrataceae) with gastroprotective activity SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hippocratea excelsa; anti-ulcer activity; beta-sitosterol; (-) epicatechin; Mexican traditional medicine; medicinal plants ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM; RATS; INDOMETHACIN AB The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the root bark of Hippocratea excelsa HBK. Locally known as 'Cancerina', showed an important gastroprotective effect in several experimental ulcer models in rats. Fractionation of the methanol extract led to four pools of active fractions (F1 F4). Sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, beta-sitosterol and (-) epicatechin were isolated from the active fractions and showed an important gastroprotective activity (93.4, 85.7 and 72.1% of gastroprotection, respectively), whereas bismuth subsalicylate, used as positive control, showed 46.2% of gastroprotection. A mixture of alpha-amyrin and beta-amyrin showed 50% of gastroprotection. Friedelin, canophyllal and canophyllol were isolated from the active fractions, but they were inactive as gastroprotective compounds. These results provide additional support for the popular use of this plant as an antiulcer remedy in the Mexican traditional medicine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Navarrete, A, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR BETANCOR C, 1980, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V19, P1989 CALZADA F, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P194 DERELANKO MJ, 1981, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V166, P394 GORBACH SL, 1990, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V99, P863 GOVINDACHARI TR, 1967, TETRAHEDRON, V23, P1901 HASHIMOTO F, 1987, CHEM PHARM BULL, V35, P611 LEWIS DA, 1991, PROGR MED CHEM, V28, P201 LING WH, 1995, LIFE SCI, V57, P195 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MATA R, 1990, J NAT PRODUCTS, V53, P1212 NAVARRETE A, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P1 PALACIOS J, 1989, ECON BOT, V43, P508 PEREZ RM, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V47, P85 PSILOGENIS M, 1991, DRUGS GASTROENTEROLO, P232 ROBERT A, 1979, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V77, P761 ROJAS A, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P275 SHAY H, 1954, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V26, P906 SHORROCK CJ, 1990, GUT, V31, P26 SMITH AC, 1940, BRITONIA, V3, P410 TAKEUCHI K, 1986, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V90, P636 WAN BYC, 1985, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V37, P739 NR 21 TC 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 537AJ UT ISI:000174733800017 ER PT J AU Murillo-Alvarez, JI Encarnacion, DR Franzblau, SG TI Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of some medicinal plants from Baja California Sur (Mexico) SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; antimycobacterial; Baja California Sur, Mexico; cytotoxicity; medicinal plants ID ANTIBIOTICS; RESISTANCE AB Scientific evaluation of 25 ethanol extract of plants used in the traditional medicine of Baja California Sur (Mexico) were tested for microbial and HCT-116 cell growth inhibition. Ten extracts showed activity against the HCT-116 cell line, notably Asclepias subulata (Asclepiadaceae), Aristolochia brevipes (Aristolochiaceae) and Bursera odorata (Burseraceae). Haplopappus sonorensis (Asteraceae) Asclepias subulata and Bursera odorata inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis by 40, 45 and 67%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 mug/mL. Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli was determined, and Aristolochia monticola, A. brevipes, Hymenoclea monogyra and Hymenoclea sp. were found to be the most active. Xanthium strumarium showed low activity against C. albicans. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Agron, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. Gillis W Long Hansens Dis Ctr, Lab Res Branch, Pharmacol Res Dept, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Encarnacion, DR, Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Agron, AP 19-B, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. CR *WHO IUATLC GLOB W, 1997, ANT DRUG RES WORLD, P17 *WHO, 1999, WORLD HLTH REP 1998 CANTRELL CL, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P139 COLLINS LA, 1997, ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH, V41, P1004 DAVIES J, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P375 ENCARNACION DR, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P181 ENCARNACION R, 1992, REV MED IMSS, V30, P297 ENCARNACION R, 1995, REV MEXICANA CIEN FA, V26, P25 ENCARNACION R, 1998, PHARM BIOL, V36, P33 HASHIMOTO K, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V64, P185 INDERLIED CB, 1996, ANTIBIOTICS LAB MED, P127 LARSEN IK, 1996, TXB DRUG DESIGN DEV, P460 NIKAIDO H, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P382 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 SPRATT BG, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P388 YUEZHONG S, 1998, J NAT PRODUCTS, V61, P1053 NR 16 TC 3 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 530TH UT ISI:000174374700010 ER PT J AU Cruz-Vega, DE Aguilar, A Vargas-Villarreal, J Verde-Star, MJ Gonzalez-Garza, MT TI Leaf extracts of Carlowrightia cordifolia induce macrophage nitric oxide production SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; anti-inflammatory; macrophages; traditional medicine; Carlowrightia cordifolia ID SYNTHASE; CELLS; CYCLOOXYGENASE; INFLAMMATION; SUPEROXIDE; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; ROOT; RAT AB Carlowrightia cordifolia (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant used in northeastern Mexico as a traditional remedy against inflammation. As tissue release of nitric oxide (NO) has been correlated with both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of C. cordifolia leaf extracts on macrophage NO production. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and non-LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated with aqueous, ethanol, methanol and hexane extracts of C. cordifolia leaves. All extracts inhibited NO release from LPS-stimulated macrophages, with methanol and hexane extracts showing the greatest inhibition. On the other hand, macrophage cultures treated with extracts without LPS-stimulation produced high releases of NO. These unexpected results suggest two different ways by which leaf extracts may act, depending on cell status. On the other hand, data on NO activity in relation to inflammatory/anti-inflammatory auto-regulatory feedback and high concentrations of NO release by non-stimulated macrophages agreed with the hypothesis that NO may have an inhibitory effect in vascular inflammation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Herbario IMSS, Mexico City 04000, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Div Postgrado, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Gonzalez-Garza, MT, IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Adm Correos 4 Apartado Postal 020, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. CR APPLETON I, 1996, ADV PHARMACOL, V35, P27 BECKMAN JS, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P1620 BORK PM, 1997, FEBS LETT, V402, P85 GAUTHIER TW, 1994, AM J PHYSIOL, V267, H562 HAJJAR DP, 1995, J AM CHEM SOC, V117, P3340 KANG YJ, 1999, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V291, P314 KARACA K, 1995, INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO, V17, P183 MONCADA S, 1991, PHARMACOL REV, V43, P109 PENG HB, 1998, J IMMUNOL, V161, P1970 RETTORI V, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P11543 SALVEMINI D, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P7240 SAUTEBIN L, 1995, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V114, P323 SO HS, 1999, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY I, V2, P343 SO HS, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V68, P209 STUEHR DJ, 1989, J EXP MED, V169, P1543 THOMASSEN MJ, 1997, AM J RESP CELL MOL, V17, P279 WONG HR, 1999, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V262, P375 NR 17 TC 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1284 PG 6 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 521GZ UT ISI:000173832000006 ER PT J AU Mesia-Vela, S Sanchez, RI Estrada-Muniz, E Alavez-Solano, D Torres-Sosa, C Jimenez-Estrada, M Reyes-Chilpa, R Kauffman, FC TI Natural products isolated from Mexican medicinal plants: Novel inhibitors of sulfotransferases, SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Calophyllum; Lonchocarpus; sulfotransferases; estradiol; xanthones; coumarins; flavonoids ID CALOPHYLLUM; PHENOLSULFOTRANSFERASE; CONSTITUENTS; FLAVONOIDS; XANTHONES; COUMARINS; QUERCETIN; ENZYMES; POTENT; RAT AB Calophyllum brasiliense, Lonchocarpus oaxacensis, and Lonchocarpus guatemalensis are used in Latin American folk medicine. Four natural xanthones, an acetylated derivative, and two coumarins were obtained from C brasiliense. Two flavanones were extracted from L oaxacensis and one chalcone from L guatemalensis. These compounds were tested as substrates and inhibitors for two recombinant sulfotransferases (SULTs) involved in the metabolism of many endogenous compounds and foreign chemicals. Assays were performed using recombinant phenol-sulfotransferase (SULT1A1) and hydroxysteroidsulfotransferase (SULT2A1). Three of the five xanthones, one of the flavonoids and the coumarins tested were substrates for SULT1A1. None of the xanthones or the flavonoids were sulfonated by SULT2A1, whereas the coumarin mammea A/BA was a substrate for this enzyme. The natural xanthones reversibly inhibited SULT1A1 with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 7 muM whereas much higher amounts of these compounds were required to inhibit SULT2A1 (IC50 values of 26-204 muM). The flavonoids inhibited SULT1A1 with IC50 values ranging from 9.5 to 101 muM, which compared with amounts needed to inhibit SULT2A1 (IC50 values of 11 to 101 muM). Both coumarins inhibited SULT1A1 with IC50 values of 47 and 185 muM, and SULT2A1 with IC50 values of 16 and 31 muM. The acetylated xanthone did not inhibit either SULT1A1 or SULT2A1 activity. Rotenone from a commercial source had potency comparable to that of the flavonoids isolated from Lonchocarpus for inhibiting both SULTs. The potency of this inhibition depends on the position and number of hydroxyls. The results indicate that SULT1A1, but not SULT2A1, is highly sensitive to inhibition by xanthones. Conversely, SULT2A1 is 3-6 times more sensitive to coumarins than SULT1A1 The flavonoids are non-specific inhibitors of the two SULTs. Collectively, the results suggest that these types of natural products have the potential for important pharmacological and toxicological interactions at the level of phase-II metabolism via sulfotransferases. C1 Coll Pharm, Lab Cellular & Biochem Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Cd Univ, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Mesia-Vela, S, Coll Pharm, Lab Cellular & Biochem Toxicol, 41 Gordon Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 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SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE saffron Crocus sativus L.; antitumor; anticarcinogenic; antimutagenic activities; cytotoxicity; chemoprevention ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMOBILIZED BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; IN-VITRO; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NIGELLA-SATIVA; PICROCROCIN; CORMS AB Since cancer is the most common cause of death in the world population, the possibility that readily available natural substances from plants, vegetables, herbs, and spices may be beneficial in the prevention of cancer warrants closer examination. Saffron in filaments is the dried, dark red stigmata of Crocus sativus L. flowers and it is used as a spice, food colorant, and a drug in medicine. A growing body of research has demonstrated that saffron extract itself and its main constituents, the carotenoids, possess chemopreventive properties against cancer. 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Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 227 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA 509RF UT ISI:000173162900004 ER PT J AU Vigueras, AL Portillo, L TI Uses of Opuntia species and the potential impact of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in Mexico SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE prickly pear; cactus moth; invasive species AB In Mexico, cactus pears (Opuntia spp.) are regarded as very important plants, especially in semi-arid and arid regions where few crops can be cultivated. Historically, Mexicans have used cactus pears for food, as fodder fur cattle, for medicinal purposes, in cosmetics, to produce dyes, and as natural fences. Cactus pears are also an important component of native ecosystems. Central Mexico is considered to be one of the main centers of cactus diversity. Approximately 200 species of Opuntia are recognized worldwide, 114 of which occur in Mexico. Because most Opuntia species are thought to be susceptible to attack by the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Borg), spread of this moth into Mexico would likely have significant economic and social impacts, A number of the most widely used and/or distributed species, including O. compressa Macbride, O. ficus-indica (L,) Miller, O. megacantha Salm-Dyck, O. stricta (Haw.) Haworth and O. tomentosa Salm-Dyck, are known hosts of the cactus moth. C1 Univ Guadalajara, Dept Bot & Zool, Zapopan 45101, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Vigueras, AL, Univ Guadalajara, Dept Bot & Zool, Apdo Postal 1-139, Zapopan 45101, Jalisco, Mexico. CR *SAIMEX, 1981, MON GOB EST MEX BARTHLOTT W, 1993, FAMILIES GENERA VASC, V2 BLANCO MF, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P73 BRAVO HH, 1978, CACTACEAS MEXICO, V1 CANO CIM, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P53 DEBACH P, 1964, BIOL CONTROL INSECT DELAROSA HJP, 1998, NOPAL USOS MANEJO AG, P132 FLORES VC, 1995, MERCADO MUNDIAL NOPA FLORES VCA, 1993, SITUACION PERSPECTIV FLORES VCA, 1995, AGROECOLOGY CULTIVAT, P92 FLORES VCA, 1997, J PACD, V2, P3 FLORES VCA, 1997, P 7 C NAC 5 C INT CO, P28 FUENTES, 1997, P 7 C NAC 5 C INT CO, P82 GUZMAN CLU, 1997, SUCULENTAS MEXICANAS, P37 LOPEZ JJG, 1996, J PACD, V1, P10 MANN J, 1969, B US NAT MUS, V256, P1 PORTILLO ML, 1994, CACT SUC MEX, V39, P90 PORTILLO ML, 1995, P 6 C NAC 4 C INT CO, P62 PORTILLO ML, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P113 RODRIGUEZ AF, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P96 SANCHEZ VG, 1990, P 4 C 2 C INT CON AP, P31 SCHEINVAR L, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P255 SIERRA M, 1999, NAKARI, V11, P22 VAZQUEZ ARE, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P107 VIGUERAS GAL, 1997, P 7 C NAC 5 C INT CO, P2 ZIMMERMANN HG, 1999, P 8 C NAC 6 C INT CO, P333 ZIMMERMANN HG, 2000, DIVERS DISTRIB, V6, P259 NR 27 TC 10 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 84 IS 4 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 SC Entomology GA 507JZ UT ISI:000173025300005 ER PT J AU Vieyra-Odilon, L Vibrans, H TI Weeds as crops: The value of maize field weeds in the valley of Toluca, Mexico SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Estado de Mexico; agrestals; edible plants; quelites; forage; quantitative ethnobotany; integrated farming system; wild plant resources ID WILD FOOD PLANTS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; AMARANTHACEAE; ETHNOBOTANY; COMMUNITIES; RESOURCES AB Maize field weeds or agrestals are widely used in central Mexico as potherbs (quelites) and forage. This work presents quantitative data on these uses from the village of San Bartolo del Llano, Municipio de Ixtlahuaca, Valley of Toluca, an area with a relatively intensive, semicommercial agriculture. We interviewed 24 families of the village and 10 vendors at the market of Ixtlahuaca regularly during one rainy season (1995) on type and quantity of weed use. Also, the weed vegetation was surveyed and we interviewed 49 farmers on their fanning practices and on costs. All of the 74 weed species found in maize fields were useful as forage, potherb, medicinal, or ornamental. Within the village, 11 species were eaten; an average family consumed 4.5 kg of wild potherbs per month during the rainy season. In Ixtlahuaca, 2150 kg of 10 species were sold, worth 3054 pesos (US $611). For quantity and gross economic value, forage was much more important. On the average, 1 ha of maize field produced a harvest of 1.5 t of green forage, worth about 25% of the gross value of the maize harvest, and 55% of its net value. The combination of maize with forage weeds for stabled animals constitutes an interesting integrated fanning system. The weeds increase the useful biomass of the field, improve nutrition of the farmers, do not reduce the yield of the main crop, as the fields are kept weed free during the critical period, and provide erosion control, shade, and green manure. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Inst Literario 100, Toluca 50000, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agricolas, Inst Recursos Nat, Especialidad Bot, Montecillo 56230, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. RP Vibrans, H, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Inst Literario 100, Toluca 50000, Estado De Mexic, Mexico. CR ACOSTA LE, 1993, BIOTICA, V1, P63 ALCORN J, 1984, HUASTEC MAYAN ETHNOB ALTIERI MA, 1987, HUM ECOL, V15, P189 ALTIERI MA, 1989, ECOL STUD, V78, P70 AVILA UM, 1994, B SOC BOT MEX, V54, P3 BENZ BF, 1994, J ETHNOBIOL, V14, P23 BODNER CC, 1988, ECON BOT, V42, P307 BRANCA F, 1997, PLANT GENET RES NEWS, V110, P22 BYE R, 1993, BIOL DIVERSITY MEXIC, P707 BYE RA, 1979, KIVA, V44, P237 BYE RA, 1981, J ETHNOBIOL, V1, P109 CABRERA T, 1998, ALIMENTOS NATURALEZA CAMPBELL BM, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P59 CASAS A, 1994, ETNOBOTANICA MIXTECA CHACON JC, 1982, AGROECOSYSTEMS, V8, P1 CHALLENGER A, 1998, UTILIZACION CONSERVA CHAPMAN J, 1974, ECON BOT, V28, P411 CHEN J, 1999, ECON BOT, V53, P2 COE FG, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P71 DEGANTE MVY, 1979, MALEZAS CUENCA MEXIC DIAZ PR, 1983, THESIS U NACL AUTONO DIAZ PR, 1992, S INT MAN MAL SIT AC DUKE JA, 1992, HDB EDIBLE WEEDS ESPINOSA G, 1996, ETNOECOLOGICA, V3, P83 ESPINOZA C, 1999, 9 CTR INV REG NORT C HALL MR, 1992, WEED SCI, V40, P441 KOHASHISHIBATA J, 1982, AGR TECNICA MEXICANA, V8, P131 LARKOM J, 1991, ORIENTAL VEGETABLES LAUNERT E, 1981, HAMLYN GUIDE EDIBLE LINARES E, 1992, QUELITES TESORO CULI, P11 LUCERO AMG, 1984, THESIS U NACL AUTONO MACNEISH RS, 1967, PREHISTORY TEHUACAN, V1, P290 MAPES C, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P293 MARTIN FW, 1979, EDIBLE LEAVES TROPIC MARTINEZ A, 1995, 27 U NAC AUT MEX I B MARTINEZ M, 1959, PLANTAS UTILES FLORA MARTINEZLIROLA MJ, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P40 MORENOBLACK G, 1996, J ETHNOBIOL, V16, P99 MORTON JF, 1962, ECON BOT, V16, P173 NEOGI B, 1989, ECON BOT, V43, P471 PEMBERTON RW, 1996, ECON BOT, V50, P57 PERALESRIVERA H, 1998, THESIS U CALIFORNIA PETERS CM, 1982, ECON BOT, V36, P166 PIERONI A, 1999, ECON BOT, V53, P327 PRINGLE H, 1998, SCIENCE, V282, P1446 RAAB HD, 1979, COMUNICACIONES PROYE, V17, P137 RODRIGUEZ A, 1991, FLORA UTIL ESTADOS P SANTOS OJ, 1975, ECON BOT, V29, P255 SEIBERT P, 1993, PHYTOCOENOLOGIA, V23, P457 SHACKLETON SE, 1998, ECON BOT, V52, P251 TROEH FR, 1980, SOIL WATER CONSERVAT VIBRANS H, 1983, THESIS U BONN GERMAN VIBRANS H, 1997, ACTA BOT MEXICANA, V38, P21 VIBRANS H, 1998, DISSERTATIONES BOT, V287 VIBRANS H, 1998, WEED RES, V38, P153 VIBRANS H, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P476 VILLEGAS DM, 1970, ANALES ESCUELA NACL, V18, P17 WEGENER HR, 1979, COMUNICACIONES PROYE, V16, P57 WESCHEEBELING P, 1995, ECON BOT, V49, P423 WESTHOFF V, 1978, CLASSIFICATION PLANT, P287 WILKEN GC, 1970, ECON BOT, V24, P286 ZIMDAHL RL, 1988, WEED MANAGEMENT AGRO, P145 NR 62 TC 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 426 EP 443 PG 18 SC Plant Sciences GA 487FH UT ISI:000171862600009 ER PT J AU Rios, MY Gonzalez-Morales, A Villarreal, ML TI Sterols, triterpenes and biflavonoids of Viburnum jucundum and cytotoxic activity of ursolic acid SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Letter ID CONSTITUENTS; MEDICINE AB The triterpenes ursolic acid (1), 27-p-Z-coumaroyloxyursolic acid (2), 27-p-E-caumaroyloxyursolic acid, alpha -amyrine-3-palmitate and lupeol-3-palmitate were isolated through a bioactivity-guided fractionation from the acetonic extract of the aerial parts of Viburnum jucundum Morton in addition to amentoflavone, an epimeric mixture at C-2 of 2,3-dihydroamentoflavone, beta -sitosterol and beta -sitosteryl glucopyranoside. Ursolic acid (1) was the only constituent that exhibited cytotoxic activity toward three human cancer cell lines in culture. This is the first phytochemical and cytotoxic analysis performed to this plant species. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rios, MY, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Av Univ 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. CR APPLETON RA, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P447 BUDZIKIEWICZ H, 1980, Z NATURFORSCH B, V35, P226 CARSTENNLICHTER.C, 1973, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V13, P3002 CHUNNAN L, 1988, PLANTA MED, V54, P223 DUH CY, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P63 HANSUK Y, 1995, NATURAL MED, V49, P190 HOON KS, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P553 HOUGHTON PJ, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1939 MUNETAKA I, 217121, JP, APPL NUMATA A, 1989, CHEM PHARM BULL, V37, P648 OHMOTO T, 1983, CHEM PHARM BULL, V31, P919 POPOCA J, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V59, P173 SIDDIQUI S, 1990, J NAT PRODUCTS, V53, P1332 TUAN HM, 1994, CANCER RES, V54, P701 NR 14 TC 7 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 7 BP 683 EP 684 PG 2 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 483FH UT ISI:000171622600021 ER PT J AU Ramos, RR Contreras-Weber, CC Nohpal-Grajeda, G Flores-Saenz, JL Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ TI Blood glucose level decrease caused by extracts and fractions from Lepechinia caulescens in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoglycemic plants; anti-diabetic plants; medicinal plants; Lepechinia caulescens ID PLANTS AB The traditional preparation, hexane, methylene chloride, methanol and water extracts obtained from the flowers of Lepechinia caulescens (Labiatae) were administered to fasting healthy mice. The investigation results showed that only the traditional preparation and the water extract significantly reduce blood glucose after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.05). The water extract, whose effects were in a dose-dependent manner, was macerated with methanol obtaining a precipitate (F1 fraction) and a methanol soluble fraction (F2 fraction), and both were studied in healthy mice. Methanol fraction F2 did not significantly decrease blood glucose level in this experimental model. The water fraction F1 showed significant hypoglycemic activity in healthy and mild alloxan-diabetic mice, but not in severe alloxan-diabetic mice. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apdo Postal 55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1993, CIENCIA, V44, P363 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P207 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 DELGADO G, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3159 DELGADO G, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1119 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P321 GAVIN JR, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P1183 IBANEZCAMACHO R, 1979, ARCH INVEST MED, V10, P9 MECKES M, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V14, P1 MUNIR NG, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V24, P93 PEREZ RM, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P253 RAMOS RR, 2000, ANIMALES EXPT, V5, P17 RODRIGUEZ H, 1975, ACTA MED, V11, P33 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 ZARZUELO A, 1990, LIFE SCI, V47, P909 NR 18 TC 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 463TQ UT ISI:000170493700016 ER PT J AU Delgado, G Olivares, MD Chavez, MI Ramirez-Apan, T Linares, E Bye, R Espinosa-Garcia, FJ TI Antiinflammatory constituents from Heterotheca inuloides SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; FLOWERS; ROOTS; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; MEXICO AB Three new compounds, cadalen-15-oic acid (1), 3,7-dihydroxy-3(4H)-isocadalen-4-one (2), and dicadalenol (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Heterotheca inuloides (Mexican arnica), together with the known compounds 7-hydroxycadalene (4), 7-hydroxy-4 alphaH-3,4-dihydrocadalene (5), 1 alpha -hydroxy-1(4H)-isocadalen-4-one (6), 1 alpha -hydroxy-4 alphaH-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocadalen-15-oic acid (7), 7-(3,3-dimethylallyloxy)coumarin, caryolan-1,9 beta -diol, and quercetin. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antiinflammatory activities of the extracts and the isolated compounds were evaluated by determining the inhibition of TPA-induced mouse ear edema. The natural products 3, caryolan-1,9,beta -diol, and quercetin were the most active substances tested and displayed dose-dependent activities. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol Jardin Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Delgado, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Ciudad Univ,Circuito Exterior, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR AGUILAR MI, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P1161 BOHLMANN F, 1976, CHEM BER, V109, P2021 BOHLMANN F, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2982 BYE R, 1995, RECENT ADV PHYTOCHEM, V29, P65 CHIANG MT, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2753 COLL JC, 1986, J NAT PRODUCTS, V49, P934 DELGADO G, 1988, HETEROCYCLES, V27, P1305 DELGADO G, 1996, NAT PROD LETT, V8, P145 DELLALOGGIA R, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P516 GALLAGHER MJ, 1965, AUST J CHEM, V18, P1111 GENE RM, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V60, P157 HEGMANN H, 1994, CHEM PHARM BULL, V42, P138 JERGA C, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P122 JERGA C, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P413 KUBO I, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P218 KUBO I, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V38, P553 KUBO I, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P427 LASSAK EV, 1972, AUST J CHEM, V25, P2491 LINARES ME, 1990, CUADERNOS I BIOL, V7 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO NICHOLSON MS, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P184 PELLETIER SW, 1986, J NAT PRODUCTS, V49, P892 REDDY MP, 1982, INDIAN J CHEM B, V21, P885 TUBARO A, 1985, AGENTS ACTIONS, V17, P347 WADSWORTH TL, 1999, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V57, P941 WILLUHN G, 1985, DTSCH APOTH ZTG, V125, P1941 WILLUHN G, 1987, ARCH PHARM, V320, P393 NR 28 TC 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 458QK UT ISI:000170205900003 ER PT J AU Rios, MY Salinas, D Villarreal, ML TI Cytotoxic activity of moronic acid and identification of the new triterpene 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid from Phoradendron reichenbachianum SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Phoradendron reichenbachianum; Loranthaceae; mistletoe; cytotoxic compound; moronic acid; 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid; triterpenes; sterols; glycerol trilinoleate ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB The cytotoxic compound moronic acid (1) and the new tetracyclic triterpene 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Phoradendron reichenbachianum (mistletoe, Loranthaceae) through a bioassay-guided fractionation. In addition, squalene. glycerol trilinoleate, morolic acid, betulinaldehyde, betulinaldehyde, alpha -germanicol, lupeol, beta -sitosterol and beta -sitosteril glucopyranoside, were identified in this plant species. The structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. C1 Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Educ Ambiental & Invest Huautla, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rios, MY, Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Av Univ 1001,Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. CR ATTAURRAHMAN VUA, 1994, HDB NATURAL PRODUCTS, V2 BARTON DHR, 1951, J CHEM SOC, P257 BIELLMANN JF, 1971, TETRAHEDRON, V27, P5861 BOHLMANN F, 1977, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V16, P965 CHAZARO M, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V13, P31 CHAZARO M, 1992, CIENCIA DESARROLLO, V17, P70 FROST DJ, 1975, CHEM PHYS LIPIDS, V14, P189 GERAN RI, 1972, CANC CHEMOTHER REP, P1 GONZALEZ AG, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P1828 HOSTETTMANNKALD.M, 1979, PLANTA MED, V37, P358 MAJUMDER PL, 1979, J ORG CHEM, V44, P2811 REES HH, 1966, BIOCHEM J, V99, P726 REES HH, 1968, BIOCHEM J, V106, P659 SHOLICHIN M, 1980, CHEM PHARM BULL, V28, P1006 WAIZEL J, 1994, REV I NACL CANCEROLO, V40, P133 ZHONG SM, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P1067 NR 16 TC 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 67 IS 5 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 455QQ UT ISI:000170038600011 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Medina, A Garcia-Sosa, K May-Pat, F Pena-Rodriguez, LM TI Evaluation of the biological activity of crude extracts from plants used in Yucatecan Traditional Medicine. Part II. DNA-interacting activity SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DNA-methyl green assay; DNA-interacting activity; medicinal plants; Yucatecan traditional medicine; ethidium bromide ID CISSAMPELOS-PAREIRA; ALKALOIDS; HELIOTROPIUM; SOLASODINE; AFFINITY; AGENTS AB Extracts from leaves, stems, and roots of twelve plants used commonly in Yucatecan traditional medicine were evaluated in the DNA-methyl green assay. Twenty one extracts showed DNA-interacting activity, and nine of them, belonging to five plant species, presented a displacement activity of 5 % or higher. The highest activity (17.6 %) was detected in the leaf extract of Heliotropium angiospermum. C1 Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Recursos Nat, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Pena-Rodriguez, LM, Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, AC,Calle 43 130,Colonia Chuburna Hida Lgo, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. CR ADJIBADE Y, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P645 ALEJOSGONZALEZ F, 1996, REV LAT QUIM, V24, P162 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTASMED TRA, V1 BEST WM, 1986, AUST J CHEM, V39, P647 BIRECKA H, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P1167 BIRECKA H, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P991 BONJEAN K, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P159 BORGESARGAEZ RD, 2000, PHYTOCHEMICALS PHYTO, P332 BURRES NS, 1992, J NAT PRODUCTS, V55, P1582 CHAN GW, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P708 COMIN J, 1963, HELV CHIM ACTA, V46, P409 DEFREITAS MR, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V40, P1553 DREWES FE, 1992, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V3, P85 DREWES FE, 1995, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V6, P203 DWUMABADU D, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P2520 FARSAM H, 2000, PLANTA MED, V66, P389 FERREIRA F, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P1473 GONCALVES DLO, 1958, HELV CHIM ACTA, V41, P1386 HEINRICH M, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P626 HENGEN PN, 1994, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V19, P257 KANEDA N, 1992, J NAT PROD, V55, P654 KINTIA PK, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P1567 KINTIA PK, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P197 MAHATO SB, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V44, P1185 MAR WC, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P1531 MELHAOUI A, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V62, P67 MENDEZ M, 1997, B SOC BOT MEX, V60, P15 MORITA H, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1307 MORITA H, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1418 PEREZRODRIGUEZ M, 1994, THESIS U AUTONOMA YU PEZZUTO JM, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P1522 RIPPERGER H, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1725 ROBINS DJ, 1993, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V8, P176 SANCHEZMEDINA A, IN PRESS PHYTOMEDICI SUFFNESS M, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P71 NR 35 TC 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 445UP UT ISI:000169477200012 ER PT J AU Garduno-Ramirez, ML Trejo, A Navarro, V Bye, R Linares, E Delgado, G TI New modified eremophilanes from the roots of Psacalium radulifolium SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; DECOMPOSITUM; ASTERACEAE; FURANOEREMOPHILANE; SESQUITERPENES AB The investigation of the chemical constituents from the roots of Psacalium radulifolium, a member of the matarique complex of medicinal plants, which includes several members of the Asteraceae, resulted in the isolation of four new modified eremophilanes: radulifolin A (4), epi-radulifolin A (5), radulifolin B (6), and radulifolin C (7), together with the known natural substances cacalol, cacalone, epi-cacalone, O-methyl-1,2-dehydrocacalol, adenostin A, decompostin, and neoadenostylone. Antimicrobial evaluation of the extracts and the isolated compounds indicated that cacalol was the major active compound. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Jardin Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Quim, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Unidad Invest Biomed, Xocitepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Delgado, G, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ANAYA AL, 1996, J CHEM ECOL, V22, P393 BARKLEY TM, 1994, P INT COMP C KEW, V1, P613 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 CASARES A, 1976, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P2485 CORREA J, 1966, TETRAHEDRON, V22, P685 CRABBE P, 1965, OPTICAL ROTATORY DIS CRABBE P, 1967, TETRAHEDRON, V23, P3449 DELGADO G, 1996, NAT PROD LETT, V8, P145 HEINRICH M, 1996, P INT COMP C KEW 199, V2, P475 INMAN WD, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P1088 INOUYE Y, 1977, B CHEM SOC JPN, V50, P961 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1997, PLANTA MED, V63, P387 KUROYANAGI M, 1985, CHEM PHARM BULL, V33, P4792 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 MEYER BN, 1982, PLANTA MED, V45, P31 NAYA K, 1976, CHEM LETT, P73 RODRIGUEZHAHN I, 1968, TETRAHEDRON, V24, P477 ROMO J, 1964, TETRAHEDRON, V20, P2331 ROMO J, 1968, B I QUIM U NACL AUT, V20, P19 ROMO J, 1969, BOL I QUIM U NACL AU, V21, P92 RUIZ RM, 1969, B SOC CHIM FR, P3612 SAMEK Z, 1969, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V34, P2792 SORIANOGARCIA M, 1988, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V44, P1092 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 YUSTE F, 1976, AUST J CHEM, V29, P2333 YUSTE F, 1976, J ORG CHEM, V41, P4103 NR 27 TC 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 431ZH UT ISI:000168661300007 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Medina, A Garcia-Sosa, K May-Pat, F Pena-Rodriguez, LM TI Evaluation of biological activity of crude extracts from plants used in Yucatecan Traditional Medicine - Part I. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and beta-glucosidase inhibition activities SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Yucatecan medicinal plants; bioassay; antioxidant; antimicrobial; beta-glucosidase ID CISSAMPELOS-PAREIRA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ALKALOIDS; DERIVATIVES; (+)-CASTANOSPERMINE; HELIOTROPIUM; CONSTITUENTS; SOLASODINE; GLYCOSIDES; DISCOVERY AB Bioactivity of extracts from leaves, stems and roots of twelve plants commonly used in Yucatecan traditional medicine were evaluated in four bioassays. Crude extracts from ten plants showed significant activity in the inhibition of bleaching of beta -carotene assay, while thirteen extracts showed activity in the reduction of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. In the antimicrobial bioassay, the major activity was presented by the root extract of Jatropha gaumeri and in the beta -glucosidase inhibition activity assay the strongest activity was observed in the stem and root extracts of Solanum hirtum. C1 Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Recursos Nat, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Pena-Rodriguez, LM, Ctr Invest Cientif Yucatan, Unidad Biotecnol, Grp Quim Organ, AC Calle 43 130,Colonia Chuburna Hidalgo, Merida 97200, Yucatan, Mexico. CR AGOSTA WC, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P857 ALEJOSGONZALEZ F, 1996, REV LAT QUIM, V24, P162 ANTOUN MD, 1994, PUERTO RICO HLTH SCI, V13, P13 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 ARGUETA VA, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2 BARTOLE R, 1995, TERRA NOVA, V7, P7 BIRECKA H, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V22, P1167 BIRECKA H, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P991 BORGESARGAEZ RD, 2000, PHYTOCHEMICALS PHYTO, P332 BORS W, 1984, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V796, P312 BRANDEN C, 1991, INTRO PROTEIN STRUCT, P3 BURTON GW, 1984, SCIENCE, V224, P569 CAVIN A, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P393 CLAESON P, 1997, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V15, P245 DEFREITAS MR, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V40, P1553 DREWES FE, 1992, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V3, P85 DREWES FE, 1995, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V6, P203 DWUMABADU D, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P2520 ESCALANTEEROSA F, 1999, P 5 REUN INV QUIM SU ESCRIBANO J, 1998, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V9, P124 FERREIRA F, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P1473 FLEET GWJ, 1988, FEBS LETT, V237, P128 GAMEZ EJC, 1998, J NAT PROD, V61, P706 GONCALVES DLO, 1958, HELV CHIM ACTA, V41, P1386 GRUTERS RA, 1987, NATURE, V330, P74 HAMBURGER M, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P3864 HAMBURGER MO, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P19 HARVEY A, 2000, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V5, P294 HOSTETTMANN K, 1997, PLANTA MED, V63, P2 INA H, 1993, J ORG CHEM, V58, P52 IWATSUKI M, 1995, B CHEM SOC JPN, V68, P620 JEFFCOATE S, 1996, TRENDS BIOTECHNOL, V14, P121 KARPAS A, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P9229 KHUSHBAKTOVA ZA, 1996, CHEM NAT COMPS, V32, P338 KINTIA PK, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P197 MARK H, 1994, ENCY POLYM SCI ENG, V2, P73 MENDEZ M, 1997, B SOC BOT MEX, V60, P15 MENDIETA R, 1981, PLANTAS MED ESTADO Y MILLER SA, 1990, J AM CHEM SOC, V112, P8100 MONTEFIORI DC, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P9248 MORITA H, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1307 MORITA H, 1993, CHEM PHARM BULL, V41, P1418 OKAMURA H, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P557 PRATT DE, 1984, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V61, P1064 RAHALISON L, 1991, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V2, P199 RIPPERGER H, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V37, P1725 SAXENA G, 1995, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V6, P125 STROHL WR, 2000, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V5, P39 TAKAHASHI M, 1992, B CHEM SOC JPN, V65, P679 TAKAO T, 1994, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V58, P1780 TUBARO F, 1996, J AM OIL CHEM SOC, V73, P173 VANDENBERGHE DA, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 VERPOORTE R, 1998, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V3, P232 VLIETINCK AJ, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P97 WANG HB, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P294 WONG C, 1995, J ORG CHEM, V60, P1592 YOUNG AJ, 1991, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V83, P702 ZACCHINO S, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P389 NR 58 TC 3 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 423TF UT ISI:000168193100012 ER PT J AU Pereda-Miranda, R Fragoso-Serrano, M Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, CM TI Application of molecular mechanics in the total stereochemical elucidation of spicigerolide, a cytotoxic 6-tetraacetyl-oxyheptenyl-5,6-dihydro-alpha-pyrone from Hyptis spicigera SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE pyrones; molecular mechanics; NMR; stereochemistry; configuration; biologically active compounds; plants; Hyptis spicigera ID CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; ALDITOL PERACETATES; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; DELTA-LACTONE; 5,6-DIHYDRO-ALPHA-PYRONES; OBLONGIFOLIA; ASSIGNMENTS; DERIVATIVES; H-1 AB Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the crude extract prepared from the medicinal Mexican plant Hyptis spicigera (Lamiaceae) tested on KB cells led to the isolation of spicigerolide (1). The structure for this novel cytotoxic compound was elucidated as 6R-[3S,4S,5S,6S-tetraacetyloxy-1Z-heptenyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one. The relative stereochemistry of this flexible molecule was determined by a combination of molecular mechanics calculations and H-1-H-1 coupling constant data, while the absolute configuration was established according to CD measurements. The MM/(3)J(H-H) calculations, as applied to 1, was validated with model Linear compounds prepared from L-rhamnose: 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-L-mannose (5) and tetra-O-acetyl-1,6-dideoxy-L-mannitol (8). Both compounds possess the same stereochemistry predicted to be present in the acyclic moiety of spicigerolide (1) but lacking the stereochemical influence of the chiral pyrone. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Quim, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Pereda-Miranda, R, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR ALMTORP GT, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P2753 ARNO M, 1998, MAGN RESON CHEM, V36, P579 AYCARD JP, 1993, J NAT PROD, V56, P1171 BAH M, 1996, TETRAHEDRON, V52, P13063 BEECHAM AF, 1972, TETRAHEDRON, V28, P5543 BURKET U, 1982, ACS MONOGRAPH, V177 COLLETT LA, 1998, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V48, P651 COLLETT LA, 1998, PROGR CHEM ORGANIC N, V75, P182 DAVIESCOLEMAN MT, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P1497 DAVIESCOLEMAN MT, 1989, PROGR CHEM ORGANIC N, V55, P1 DAVIESCOLEMAN MT, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V41, P1085 DELGADO G, 1985, HETEROCYCLES, V23, P1869 DEVIVAR AR, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P2417 EPLING C, 1949, REV MUSEO PLATA, V30, P252 FRAGOSOSERRANO M, 1999, J NAT PROD, V62, P45 FUNABASHI M, 1999, J CARBOHYD CHEM, V18, P333 HAASNOOT CAG, 1980, TETRAHEDRON, V36, P2783 HOLTJE HD, 1996, METHODS PRINCIPLES M, V5, P23 HORTON D, 1970, CARBOHYD RES, V15, P271 LOPEZCALAHORRA F, 1990, J ORG CHEM, V55, P3530 MASAMUNE S, 1986, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P261 MILJKOVIC M, 1984, CARBOHYD RES, V128, P11 MILLS JA, 1974, AUST J CHEM, V27, P1433 OSAWA E, 1991, TETRAHEDRON, V47, P4579 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P2971 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P583 PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P83 RIESER MJ, 1992, J AM CHEM SOC, V114, P10203 SKEHAN P, 1990, J NATL CANCER I, V82, P1107 VELASCO D, 1990, J ORG CHEM, V55, P3526 NR 30 TC 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Organic GA 389DX UT ISI:000166224300004 ER PT J AU Rojas, G Levaro, J Tortoriello, J Navarro, V TI Antimicrobial evaluation of certain plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE traditional medicine; anti-infective plants; antimicrobial activity; respiratory diseases; medicinal plants ID BOCCONIA-ARBOREA; GUATEMALA; EXTRACTS AB Eighteen crude extracts, including six hexanic, six chloroformic and six methanolic from six different plant species used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory infections, were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for each extract using a two-fold dilution assay. The results showed that 16 crude extracts (89%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one of the microorganisms tested at concentrations of 5 mg/ml or below. The extracts from Gnaphalium oxyphyllum, Gnaphalium americanum, and Crescentia alata possessed strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogens tested. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexiano Serguro Scoial, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Dept Microbiol, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. RP Navarro, V, Inst Mexiano Serguro Scoial, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Dept Microbiol, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR *WHO, 1998, WORLD HLTH REP LIF 2, V2, P39 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 AVILES FM, 1985, THESIS UAEM MORELOS BAYTELMAN B, 1980, ETNOBOTANICA ESTADO BINUTU OA, 1994, AFRICAN J MED MED SC, V23, P267 BOHLMAN F, 1988, GIT FACHZ LAB, V32, P453 BRUNETON J, 1995, PHARMACOGNOSY PHYTOC, P501 CACERES A, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V30, P55 CACERES A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P193 CUADRA P, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P598 DIAZ JL, 1977, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V2 FARNSWORTH NR, 1981, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V3, P85 LOZOYA X, 1982, FLORA MED MEXICO LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P87 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 MARTINEZ M, 1944, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MONGUELLI E, 1995, REV ARGENTINA MICROB, V27, P199 NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 NAVARRO V, 1998, ARCH MED RES, V29, P191 NAVARRO V, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P223 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 TORRENEGRA RD, 1989, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V27, P22 NR 24 TC 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 388UV UT ISI:000166202200012 ER PT J AU Gomez-Flores, R Calderon, CL Scheibel, LW Tamez-Guerra, P Rodriguez-Padilla, C Tamez-Guerra, R Weber, RJ TI Immunoenhancing properties of Plantago major leaf extract SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plantago; leaf extract; macrophage; T cell; immunopotentiation; cell activation ID MURINE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; NITRIC-OXIDE; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; IFN-GAMMA; TNF-ALPHA; ACTIVATION; PHARMACOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT; COMPLEX; GROWTH AB Plantago major (PM), also known as plantain, is a weed found in temperate zones worldwide. PM leaves have been associated with various biological properties ranging from antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumour to wound heating. However, its mechanism of action associated with boosting of the immune function remains to be elucidated. We found that endotoxin-free methanol extracts from PM leaves, at doses of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mug/mL, were associated with 4.4 +/- 1, 6 +/- 1, 12 +/- 0.4, and 18 +/- 0.4-fold increases of nitric oxide (NO) production, and increased TNF-alpha production (621 +/- 31, 721 +/- 36, 727 +/- 36, and 1056 +/- 52 U/mL, respectively) by rat peritoneal macrophages, in the absence of IFN-gamma or LPS. NO and TNF-alpha production by untreated macrophages was negligible, In addition, PM extracts potentiated Con A-induced lymphoproliferation (3- to 12-fold increases) in a dose-dependent fashion, compared with the effect of ConA alone. The regulation of immune parameters induced by plant extracts may be clinically relevant in numerous diseases including chronic viral infections, tuberculosis, AIDS and cancer. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Sect Med Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Clin Pharmacol Sect, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza, NL, Mexico. RP Gomez-Flores, R, Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Sect Med Sci, 1 Illini Dr, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. CR ALI MIA, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P401 BONTA IL, 1993, J LEUKOCYTE BIOL, V54, P613 BOYANOVA L, 1999, J MED MICROBIOL, V48, P705 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P31 CALDERON C, 1994, J EXP MED, V180, P945 CALIXTO JB, 1998, MED RES REV, V18, P225 CHEN TY, 1994, IMMUNOL LETT, V40, P179 CHUNG FL, 1999, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V220, P244 COEUGNIET EG, 1987, ONKOLOGIE S, V10, P27 FRANCA F, 1996, REV SOC BRASILEIRA M, V29, P229 GAJEWSKI TF, 1989, IMMUNOL REV, V111, P79 GOMEZFLORES R, 1997, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V39, P189 GOMEZFLORES R, 1997, J IMMUNOL, V158, P3796 GOMEZFLORES R, 1997, J INTERF CYTOK RES, V17, P331 GOMEZFLORES R, 1999, J INTERFERON CYTOKIN, V19, P627 GRIGORESCU E, 1973, RERV MED CHIR, V77, P835 HIBBS JB, 1988, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V157, P87 HOUGHTON PJ, 1996, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V90, P601 KALDJIAN EP, 1992, J IMMUNOL METHODS, V147, P189 KIM HM, 1999, GEN PHARMACOL, V32, P683 KROES BH, 1993, PHYTOCHEM RES, V7, P35 LITHANDER A, 1992, TUMOR BIOL, V13, P138 MACKAY CR, 1993, ADV IMMUNOL, V53, P138 MATEV M, 1982, VITR BOLES, V21, P133 MATOS OC, 1999, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V66, P151 MELTZER MS, 1982, FED PROC, V41, P2198 MONCADA S, 1991, PHARMACOL REV, V43, P109 NATHAN CF, 1991, CURR OPIN IMMUNOL, V3, P665 PHILLIPSON JD, 1991, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V85, P18 REHMAN J, 1999, IMMUNOL LETT, V68, P391 RILEY ME, 1998, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V437, P183 SHARMA P, 1998, INDIAN J MALARIOL, V35, P57 TAN RX, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P295 UPADHYAY SN, 1992, INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO, V14, P1187 WONG CK, 1994, J INT MED RES, V22, P299 NR 35 TC 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 382FJ UT ISI:000165812100008 ER PT J AU Cruz-Vega, DE Aguilar, A Castro-Garza, J Gonzalez-Garza, MT TI Antiamebic activity of aqueous extracts from five medicinal plants from Northeastern Mexico SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Entamoeba histolytica; therapy; folk medicine; plant aqueous extracts ID ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Herbario IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Gonzalez-Garza, MT, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Adm Correos No 4,Apdo Postal 20,Col Independencia, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. CR *WHO PAHO UNESCO, 1997, EPIDEMIOL B, V18, P13 GONZALEZGARZA MT, 1989, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V83, P522 GOODMAN A, 1991, PHARMACOL BASIS, P1002 SAIDFERNANDEZ S, 1988, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V82, P249 WRIGHT CW, 1990, PHYTOTHER RES, V4, P127 NR 5 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0188-0128 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 SU Suppl. S BP S17 EP S18 PG 2 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA 371RU UT ISI:000165192600007 ER PT J AU Saad, I Diaz, E Chavez, I Reyes-Chilpa, R Rubluo, A Jimenez-Estrada, M TI Antifungal monoterpene production in elicited cell suspension cultures of Piqueria trinervia SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Piqueria trinervia; Asteraceae; plant tissue cultures; elicitors; secondary metabolites; antifungal activity; phytopathogenic fungi; monoterpenes; piquerinol ID DITERPENE BIOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; ELICITATION; METABOLISM; COMPOSITAE; TOBACCO AB Cell suspension cultures of the traditional medicinal plant Piqueria trinervia Cav., which synthesizes monoterpene piquerol A, were established. A defense response was induced in the cultures when eight homogenized fungi isolated from wild populations of P. trinervia were added. Piquerol A was not produced in the elicited system, while four other substances were synthesized de novo. They were excreted into the medium and inhibited in vitro fungal growth. The most abundant substance produced in this system was a new monoterpene: 2-methylene-7,7-dimethylbicyclo (3,3,1) heptane-4,6-diol. Monoterpenes in the cell suspension culture reported here were produced via two metabolic channels: the first acted constitutively and expressed in liquid and solid cultures, the second is inducible in response to several pathogens and elicitor substances. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Jimenez-Estrada, M, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. CR BANTHORPE DV, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P2321 BEJAR E, 1999, IN PRESS STUDIES NAT BRUCE RJ, 1982, PLANT PHYSIOL, V69, P1181 CASTRO C, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P281 CHAPPELL J, 1987, PLANT PHYSIOL, V85, P469 CROTEAU R, 1987, PLANT PHYSIOL, V85, P1123 CRUZREYES A, 1989, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V84, P35 DELAPARRA MG, 1981, J CHEM ECOL, V7, P509 DELAPARRA MG, 1991, PESTIC SCI, V33, P73 EILERT U, 1987, CELL CULTURE SOMATIC, V4, P154 FACCHINI PJ, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P11088 HILTON MG, 1995, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V43, P452 JIMENEZ M, 1983, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V14, P20 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1996, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V44, P2839 LEWINSOHN E, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P651 MCGARVEY DJ, 1995, PLANT CELL, V7, P1015 MURASHIGE T, 1962, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V15, P473 PAYNE GF, 1991, PLANT CELL TISSUE CU, P329 PORRA RJ, 1989, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V975, P384 REN YY, 1992, PLANT PHYSIOL, V99, P1169 ROMO J, 1970, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V2, P72 SORIANOGARCIA M, 1983, CHEM LETT, P617 WICHHAM K, 1992, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V293, P320 NR 23 TC 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 360EN UT ISI:000089653600008 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Jimenez-Estrada, M Reyes-Chilpa, R Roman-Ramos, R TI Hypoglycemic effect of extracts and fractions from Psacalium decompositum in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoglycemic plants; anti-diabetic plants; medicinal plants; Psacalium decompositum; sesquiterpenic compounds ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS AB The hypoglycemic effect of the hexane, methanol and water extracts obtained from roots of Psacalium decompositum (Asteraceae) was investigated in fasting healthy mice. Only the water extract significantly reduced blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner in normal mice after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.05). This water extract was macerated with methanol obtaining a precipitate (WMP fraction), and it was studied in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. The WMP fraction showed significant hypoglycemic activity in healthy and mild diabetic mice, but the administration of this fraction to animals with severe diabetes did not cause any significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Two polysaccharide components isolated from WMP fraction showed hypoglycemic effect when tested in healthy mice. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Dept Ciencias Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Dept Ciencias Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apdo Postal 55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P55 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 2000, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V69, P207 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 CAPASSO F, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P111 CORREA J, 1966, TETRAHEDRON, V22, P685 DEVIVAR AR, 1985, PRODUCTOS NATURALES, P69 GAVIN JR, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P1183 HIKINO H, 1986, PLANTA MED, V52, P168 HIKINO H, 1986, PLANTA MED, V52, P490 INMAN WD, 1998, 5747527, US JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1992, REV LATINOAMERICANA, V22, P14 KONNO CH, 1985, PLANTA MED, V51, P168 LINGHUA Z, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, P217 LOTINAHENNSEN B, 1991, Z NATURFORSCH C, V46, P777 MARLES RJ, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P137 OSHIMA Y, 1985, PLANTA MED, V52, P168 PEREZ RM, 1998, PHYTOMEDICINE, V5, P55 RODRIGUEZ H, 1975, ACTA MED, V9, P33 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 ROMO J, 1964, TETRAHEDRON, V20, P2331 SCHEEN AJ, 1997, DRUGS, V54, P355 YUSTE F, 1976, J ORG CHEM, V41, P4103 NR 26 TC 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 352XM UT ISI:000089244700002 ER PT J AU Molina-Hernadez, M Tellez-Alcantara, P Martinez, E TI Agastache mexicana may produce anxiogenic-like actions in the male rat SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Agastache mexicana; anxiety; anxiogenic; elevated plus-maze; forced swimming; medicinal plant; open field ID FORCED SWIMMING TEST; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; ANIMAL-MODEL; ANXIETY; BEHAVIOR; DIAZEPAM; DESIPRAMINE; EXTRACTS; LIGAND AB Behavioral effects of a water-soluble extract of Agastache mexicana, a plant with purported anxiolytic actions, were studied in male Wistar rats. In the elevated plus-maze test, various doses of the plant extract (3.0 mg/kg body wt.; 3.0 mg/kg body wt.; 12.0 mg/kg body wt.) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) decreased the exploration of open arms, showing an anxiogenic-like effect. Agastache mexicana (12 mg/kg body wt.; i.p.) did not change immobility in the forced swimming test (i.e., had no anti-depressant effect) but increased the anti-immobility action of 32.0 mg/kg body wt. (i.p.) of desipramine (i.e., increased the antidepressant-like effect of desipramine). A. mexicana had no effect on exploratory activity in an open field test, indicating that it had no sedative effect at the doses used. It is concluded that effects of the water extract of A. mexicana are more consistent with an anxiogenic-like property than an anxiolytic-like one. C1 Univ Veracruzana, Inst Invest Psicol, Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Inst Ecol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Molina-Hernadez, M, POB 361, Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. CR *NIH, 1985, 8623 NIH U PENNS GRA AGUILARSANTAMARIA L, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P531 BHATTACHARYA SK, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P87 BHATTACHARYA SK, 1994, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V32, P37 BORSINI F, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V94, P147 CANNIZZARO G, 1993, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V3, P477 CANO L, 1997, INVENTARIO ETNOBOTAN, P49 CERVO L, 1988, EUR J PHARMACOL, V158, P53 CRAWLEY JN, 1985, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V9, P37 DESOUZA MM, 1998, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V90, P157 FERNANDEZTERUEL A, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V23, P147 HANDLEY SL, 1993, J PHARMACOL TOXICOL, V29, P129 HASENOHRL RU, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P271 HOGG S, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V54, P21 JAISWAL AK, 1994, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V32, P489 JESSA M, 1996, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V6, P55 KOSTOWSKI W, 1992, PHARMACOL TOXICOL, V71, P24 MCCARTHY MM, 1995, HORM BEHAV, V29, P279 MOLINA M, 1999, PHYTOMEDICINE, V6, P115 NAKAGAWA Y, 1996, BRAIN RES, V709, P215 REX A, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P1005 RODGERS RJ, 1995, CRIT REV NEUROBIOL, V9, P345 SABATINO M, 1994, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V4, P103 SKIFAKIS A, 1996, PHARM BIOCH BEHAV, V53, P965 THONGSAARD W, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P753 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P111 VIOLA H, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V44, P47 VIOLA H, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P213 WOLFMAN C, 1994, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V47, P1 ZOLLA C, 1980, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V2, P37 NR 30 TC 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 338PM UT ISI:000088428500004 ER PT J AU Merzouki, A Ed-derfoufi, F Mesa, JM TI Contribution to the knowledge of Rifian traditional medicine. II: Folk medicine in Ksar Lakbir district (NW Morocco) SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE ethnobotany; herbal medicine; Ksar Lakbir; Morocco AB An ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants used by the local population of the Ksar Lakbir district (NW Morocco) was conducted. One hundred and eighty-six species from 61 botanical families were recorded as well as their uses and modes of administration. Quantitative ethnopharmacological data (medicinal plant knowledge and use indices) were also evaluated and discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Abdelmalek Essaadi, Fac Sci, Lab Ethnobot, Tetouan, Mexico. Bot Fac Farm, Granada 18071, Spain. Univ Mohamed I, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Oujda, Morocco. RP Merzouki, A, Univ Abdelmalek Essaadi, Fac Sci, Lab Ethnobot, BP 2121, Tetouan, Mexico. CR *DGST DEEV, 1990, TERR PLAN EP JARD BO, P188 AKHMISSE M, 1985, MED MAGIE SORCELLERI, P255 ALANTAKI D, 1945, TADHKIRAT AL ALBAB W, P302 ALJAZAIRI A, 1974, KASHF ER RUMOUZ, P398 BELLAKHDAR J, 1997, PHARMACOPEE MAROCAIN, P764 BOUKEF MK, 1983, MED PLANTS N AFRICA, P286 BOUKEF MK, 1986, PLANTES MED TRADITIO, P350 DOLORS J, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V57, P149 GHAZANFAR SA, 1994, CRC HDB ARABIAN MED, P265 IBNALBAYTAR A, 1977, TRAITE SIMPLE, P1448 KASSIM GA, 1975, HADIKAT AL AZHAR FI, P426 LIROLA MJM, 1996, THESIS U GRANADA MERZOUKI A, IN PRESS ARS PHARM MERZOUKI A, 1997, FITOTERAPIA, V5, P444 MERZOUKI A, 1999, ARS PHARM, V40, P31 ORAN SA, 1998, MED BIOL SCI, V25, P84 SIOUTI JE, 1994, MED PROPHETE, P311 TEJERO MRG, 1989, THESIS U GRANADA NR 18 TC 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 278 EP 307 PG 30 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 329KZ UT ISI:000087907300010 ER PT J AU Campos, MG Oropeza, MV Villanueva, T Aguilar, MI Delgado, G Ponce, HA TI Xanthorrhizol induces endothelium-independent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE xanthorrhizol; Cachani complex; aorta; vascular smooth muscle ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; PLANTS AB Xanthorrhizol, a bisabolene isolated from the medicinal plant Iostephane heterophylla, was assayed on rat thoracic aorta rings to elucidate its effect and likely mechanism of action, by measuring changes of isometric tension, Xanthorrhizol (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mu g/mL) significantly inhibited precontractions induced by KCl-; (60mM), noradrenaline (10(-6) M) or CaCl2 (1.0 mM), Increasing concentrations of external calcium antagonized the inhibitory effect on KCl-induced contractions. The vasorelaxing effect of xanthorrhizol was not affected by indomethacin (10 mu M) or L-NAME (100 mu M) in intact rat thoracic aorta rings precontracted by noradrenaline, which suggested that the effect was not mediated through either endothelium-derived prostacyclin (PGI,) or nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Endothelium removal did not affect the relaxation induced by xanthorrhizol on rat thoracic aorta rings, discarding the participation of any substance released by the endothelium. Xanthorrhizol inhibitory effect was greater on KCl- and CaCl2-induced contractions than on those induced by noradrenaline. Xanthorrhizol inhibitory effect in rat thoracic aorta is likely explained for interference with calcium availability by inhibiting calcium influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated channels. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Especialidades, UIM Farmacol,Fac Quim, Col Narvarte, Mexico. UNAM, Inst Quim, Col Narvarte 03020, Mexico. RP Ponce, HA, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Especialidades, UIM Farmacol,Fac Quim, Col Narvarte, Mexico. CR AGUILAR MI, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P1161 ANSELMI E, 1994, PHARMAZIE, V49, P439 BOLTON TB, 1979, PHYSIOL REV, V59, P606 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 GODFRAIND T, 1986, PHARMACOL REV, V38, P324 IVORRA MD, 1993, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V109, P502 KARAKI H, 1988, EUROPEAN J PHARM, V151, P325 KO FN, 1991, EUR J PHARMACOL, V192, P133 KOAJARERN S, 1982, KIDNEY INT, V22, P69 MORALES MA, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P313 NAKAMURA K, 1990, ANESTH ANALG CURR RE, V70, P267 PONCEMONTER H, 1999, PHYTOTHER RES, V13, P202 RIMPLER H, 1970, Z NATURFORSCH, V25, P995 TAMARGO J, 1989, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V97, P339 VANHOUTTE PM, 1986, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V48, P307 YU SM, 1990, EUR J PHARMACOL, V187, P39 NR 16 TC 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD JUN 8 PY 2000 VL 67 IS 3 BP 327 EP 333 PG 7 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 326AN UT ISI:000087709700012 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ Jimenez-Estrada, M Reyes-Chilpa, R Gonzalez-Paredes, B Contreras-Weber, CC Roman-Ramos, R TI Hypoglycemic activity of root water decoction, sesquiterpenoids, and one polysaccharide fraction from Psacalium decompositum in mice SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoglycemic plants; anti-diabetic plants; medicinal plants; Psacalium decompositum (HBK) Cass.; sesquiterpenic compounds; furoeremophylanes; cacalol and related compounds ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; DERIVATIVES AB The hypoglycemic activity of Psacalium decompositum (Asteraceae) was investigated in fasting healthy mice and alloxan-diabetic mice. The freeze-dried water decoction significantly reduced the blood glucose in normal mice (from 50.9 +/-14.7 to 32.5 +/- 3.1 mg/dl) and in mild diabetic mice (from 208.5 +/- 13.0 to 52.3 +/- 7.0 mg/dl), 240 min after intraperitoneal administration (P < 0.005). This preparation also diminished fasting glycemia in severe diabetic mice, but the effects were minor (from 394.4 +/- 9.4 to 289.3 +/- 39.5 mg/dl). The main sesquiterpenoid constituents from P. decomposition roots, cacalol, cacalone and maturin, as well as the transformation product cacalol acetate, did not show a hypoglycemic effect on healthy mice. Nevertheless, two polysaccharide fractions (F1 and F3) obtained from the freeze-dried water extract significantly reduced the fasting glycemia in healthy mice. The best results were obtained with the Fl fraction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilar, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Ciencias Salud, Div Ciencias Biol & Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Apdo Postal 55-535, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P1197 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P55 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 ALARCONAGUILARA FJ, 1998, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V61, P101 ATHERTON DJ, 1994, BRIT MED J, V308, P673 BOHLMANN F, 1977, CHEM BER, V110, P474 BYE R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P65 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 CAPASSO F, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P111 CORREA J, 1966, TETRAHEDRON, V22, P685 DAVIS EA, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P22 DEVIVAR AR, 1985, PRODUCTOS NATURALES, P69 GAVIN JR, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P1183 HIKINO H, 1986, PLANTA MED, V52, P168 IVORRA MD, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V27, P243 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1992, REV LATINOAMERICANA, V22, P14 KAPADIA G, 1990, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V28, P67 KONNO CH, 1985, PLANTA MED, V51, P168 LINGHUA Z, 1993, PHYTOTHER RES, V7, P217 LOTINAHENNSEN B, 1991, Z NATURFORSCH C, V46, P777 OSHIMA Y, 1985, PLANTA MED, V52, P168 PLAA G, 1991, CASARETT DOULLS TOXI, P345 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 ROMO J, 1964, TETRAHEDRON, V20, P2331 SULLIVAN G, 1981, VET HUM TOXICOL, V23, P6 TAKAHSHI M, 1985, PLANTA MED, V51, P168 YUSTE F, 1976, J ORG CHEM, V41, P4103 NR 30 TC 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 69 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 287NM UT ISI:000085512200002 ER PT S AU Villarreal, ML Nicasio, P Rojas, G Alvarez, L Quintero, R TI Recent progress in biotechnology of Mexican medicinal plants SO CHEMICALS VIA HIGHER PLANT BIOENGINEERING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Based on traditional medicinal knowledge, it was possible to identify the plant species Solanum chrysotrichum as the source of a new antimycotic agent designated SC-1. Cell suspension batch cultures from this plant were established in shake flasks, in which the production of SC-1 was optimized, reaching values fifty times higher than those registered in field grown plants. Large-scale cultivation of the active biomass from S, chrysotrichum was established in 101 airlift bioreactors, and productivity levels of SC-1 were increased by 60% when using a draw-fill mode in the bioreactors. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Argentina 1, Ctr Invest Bimed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Ciencias Quim & Ind, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. UNAM, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Villarreal, ML, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Argentina 1, Ctr Invest Bimed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. CR AGRAWAL PK, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P2479 CHARLWOOD BV, 1991, ECOLOGICAL CHEM BIOC FOWLER MW, 1982, J CHEM TECH BIOTECHN, V32, P338 KUTSAL T, 1992, RECENT ADV BIOTECHNO LEVY G, 1972, GL RESONANCIA MAGNET LOZOYA X, 1976, ESTADO ACTUAL CONOCI LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 MECKES M, 1993, INVESTIGACION CIENTI MERILLON JM, 1984, PLANTA MED, V48, P497 MURASHIGE T, 1962, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V15, P473 PAXTON JD, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH PEREZ MA, 1996, 9 JORN QUIM U AUT ED, P21 SCRAGG AH, 1995, PLANT CELL TISS ORG, V43, P163 VILLARREAL ML, 1991, ARCH MED RES, V22, P128 VILLARREAL ML, 1997, PLANT CELL REP, V16, P653 VILLARREAL ML, 1997, PLANT CELL TISSUE OR, V1, P39 YAMAKAWA T, 1983, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V47, P2185 ZENK MH, 1985, PLANTA MED S, P79 ZOLLA C, 1979, CEEJSTEM, V2 ZURITA M, 1986, B OFICINA SANITARIA, V101, P339 NR 21 TC 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 J9 ADVAN EXPERIMENT MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1999 VL 464 BP 221 EP 233 PG 13 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA BP17H UT ISI:000084311700017 ER PT J AU Ortega, AGO Hernandez, MS Vazquez, MM Salgado, TT Arenas, FS TI Phytochemical study of cuachalalate (Amphiptherygium adstringens, Schiede ex Schlecht) SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphipterygium adstringens; masticadienonic acid; alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic acid; anti-inflammatory test AB Cuachalalate is an endemic plant of Mexico and belongs to the Julianiaceae family. It is a resinous and dioecious plant and is a medicinal plant commonly used in Mexico. Its curative properties are: cholesterol lowering, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerous agent. The collection site is in Barranca Honda, Morelos, Mexico. Three samplings were made during the research period. A decortication of four trees per sex was carried out. An additional collection of resin was made during the last sampling, in order to verify the presence of the compounds of interest. Masticadienonic, alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic and masticadienonic/isomasticadienonic acid mixtures were isolated and identified. Major accumulations of masticadienonic, alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic acids and masticadienonic/isomasticadienonic acid mixtures were related to female plants and a mixture of alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic acid and an unknown compound with male plants. Major accumulation of masticadienonic acid occurred in February, and alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic was mainly found in November. An anti-inflammatory test with the alpha-hydroxymasticadienonic acid was made and strong inhibition of the inflammation was observed in a preliminary test. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Coyoacan, Mexico. INIFAP, Zacatepec, Morelos, Mexico. Colegio Posgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico, Mexico. RP Hernandez, MS, Colegio Posgraduados, Montecillo, Mexico, Mexico. CR GONZALEZ EE, 1962, J PHARM SCI, V51, P786 HUTCHINSON J, 1973, FAMILIES FLOWERING P, P457 MARTINEZVAZQUEZ M, 1998, PLANTA MED, V64, P134 MATA R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P147 NAVARRETE CA, 1982, THESIS ENEP PENNINGTON TD, 1998, MANUAL IDENTIFICACIO, P413 RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO, P210 SORIANOGARCIA M, 1987, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V43, P990 STANLEY PC, 1920, TREES SHRUBS MEXICO, V23, P672 NR 9 TC 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 68 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256BK UT ISI:000083704900012 ER PT J AU Hernandez, MM Heraso, C Villarreal, ML Vargas-Arispuro, I Aranda, E TI Biological activities of crude plant extracts from Vitex trifolia L. (Verbenaceae) SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifeeding; antimicrobial activity; cytotoxic activity; Vitex trifolia; verbenaceae ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; FLAVONOIDS; LEPIDOPTERA; TERPENOIDS; NOCTUIDAE; PRADESH; CELLS; INDIA AB Biological assays of Vitex trifolia L. organic extracts have shown relevant activities. Hexanic and dichloromethanic (DCM) extracts, when prepared from stems and foliage, have proved to be very toxic against several cancer cell lines in culture (SQC-1 UISO, OVCAR-5, HCT-15 COLADCAR, and KB). Also, an important antifeeding activity against the insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was recorded. The hexanic extract from leaves completely inhibited the growth of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium sp. within the first 2 days of the experiment, but dropped significantly at day 6 (15% inhibition). The potential of V. trifolia for several uses is discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UAEM, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. RP Aranda, E, UAEM, Ctr Invest Biotecnol, Ave Univ 1001,Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. CR AHMAD FB, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P262 ARANDA E, 1996, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V68, P203 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P537 BAJPAI A, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P172 BELL RA, 1976, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V69, P365 BROWN ES, 1975, B ENTOMOL RES, V65, P221 CHAWLA AS, 1992, J NAT PRODUCTS, V55, P163 CUSHMAN M, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P1656 DAMAYANTI M, 1996, CYTOBIOS, V86, P155 DOWDY S, 1983, STAT RES, P173 EDWARDS JM, 1979, J NAT PRODUCTS, V42, P85 EKUNDAYO O, 1990, J ESSENT OIL RES, V2, P115 EPILA JSO, 1988, SOCIOBIOLOGY, V14, P291 HEBBALKAR DS, 1992, INDIAN J MED RES, V95, P200 HIROBE C, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V46, P521 HOSOZAWA S, 1974, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V38, P1045 KINGSTON DGI, 1979, J NAT PRODUCTS, V42, P496 KUBO I, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P179 KUPCHAN SM, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P664 MARCH C, 1991, ZBL MIKROBIOL, V146, P291 MCMILLAN X, 1976, HORTORIUM, P1161 MORI A, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1017 NAIR AGR, 1975, CURR SCI, V44, P214 PAN JG, 1989, CHUNG KUO CHUNG YAO, V357, P383 PUSHPALATHA E, 1995, INDIAN J MALARIOL, V32, P14 RAHMAN MS, 1982, CUR SCI, V51, P434 RAMESH P, 1986, FITOTERAPIA, V57, P282 SUDARSANAM G, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P52 THEIN K, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P330 VEDANTHAM TNC, 1976, INDIAN J PHARM, V38, P13 VILLARREAL ML, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V42, P25 VILLARRHEAL ML, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P518 WATANABE K, 1995, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V59, P1979 WOERDENBAG HJ, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P434 WU TS, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V39, P383 ZENG X, 1996, CHUNG KUO CHUNG YAO, V21, P167 ZHENG GQ, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P54 NR 37 TC 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 238YV UT ISI:000082743100005 ER PT J AU Navarro, V Delgado, G TI Two antimicrobial alkaloids from Bocconia arborea SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; antimicrobial assay; bioautographic method; Bocconia arborea; infectious dieases; medicinal plant; traditional medicine ID BIOAUTOGRAPHIC TLC ASSAY; EXTRACTS AB Two alkaloid constituents of Bocconia arborea showed considerable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Bioactivity-guided fractionation with thin-layer bioautography led to the isolation of the two known benzophenanthridine alkaloids. dihydrochelerythrine and dihydrosanguinarine. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined for each compound using a twofold serial dilution assay. The structures of these compounds were determined by H-1 and C-13 NMR analyses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Navarro, V, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR DASKALOVA E, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P953 DIDRY N, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V29, P283 GODOWSKY KC, 1989, J CLIN DENT, V1, P1 HAMBURGER MO, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P19 HARKRADER RJ, 1990, J CAN DENT ASSOC, V56, P7 LOZOYA X, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P87 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 LUND BM, 1975, J CHROMATOGR, V110, P193 MARTINEZ M, 1944, PLANTAS MED MEXICO NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 NAVARRO V, 1998, ARCH MED RES, V29, P191 OECHSLIN SM, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P519 PELLETIER SW, 1986, J NAT PRODUCTS, V49, P892 PREININGER V, 1986, ALKALOIDS, V29, P1 SLAVIKOVA L, 1985, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V50, P854 NR 16 TC 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 66 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 232NT UT ISI:000082377400015 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Zaragoza, S Ordaz, C Avila, G Munoz, JL Arciniegas, A de Vivar, AR TI In vitro evaluation of the amebicidal activity of Buddleia cordata (Loganiaceae, HBK) on several strains of Acanthamoeba SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; antiamebic compounds; Buddleia; free-living amoebae; susceptibility test ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INFECTION; AMEBAS AB Infectious diseases produced by free-living amoebae from the genus Acanthamoeba have been recently recognized. The need for antiamebic compounds is urgent as the occurrence of these diseases is being registered more frequently since the late sixties. We screened the aqueous and methanolic extract of a plant used by folk medicine (Buddleia cordata) against eye and skin inflammation for antiamebic activity. We tested the extracts on 29 strains of free-living amoebae, with the result that they were amebostatic for 14 and 15 strains: respectively. We obtained linarin and vanillic acid from the extracts, but only linarin was amebostatic to all the strains and vanillic acid had no activity. However, acetyl vanillic acid had similar effects on amoebae to linarin. Threshold values of these two active compounds ranged from 31.25 mu g/ml to 4 mg/ml and from 31.25 mu g/ml to 8 mg/ml for linarin and acetyl vanillic acid, respectively. These differences in threshold values were observed even on several strains belonging to the same species (as in the case of A. castellanii and A. polyphaga) indicating the need of susceptibility testing for each clinical isolate of free-living amoebae. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNAM, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Microbiol Lab, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado Mexico, Mexico. Inst Quim, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Rodriguez-Zaragoza, S, UNAM, Unidad Biol Tecnol & Prototipos, Microbiol Lab, Campus Iztacala,Ave Barrios S-N, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado Mexico, Mexico. CR *SADTL RES LAB, 1970, NUCL MAGN RES SPECTR BAILLEUL F, 1977, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V16, P723 BAKER W, 1951, J CHEM SOC, P691 DOMINGUEZ A, 1992, QUIMICA ORGANICA EXP DUFF RB, 1965, BIOCHEM J, V96, P1 FELDMAN ST, 1991, REV INFECTIOUS DIS, V13, P439 FISHER LD, 1990, EYE, V4, P835 FUERST CL, 1998, J EUKARIOTIC MICROBI, V45, P45 GEISSMAN TA, 1962, CHEM FLAVONOID COMPO, P322 HOUGHTON PJ, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V11, P293 KILVINGTON S, 1990, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V28, P2722 LINDQUIST TD, 1988, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V106, P73 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MARTINEZ AJ, 1985, FREE LIVING AMOEBAE MARTINEZ AJ, 1985, INFECTION, V13, P251 MARTINEZ AJ, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S5, V13, S399 MARTINEZ AJ, 1993, MT SINAI J MED, V60, P271 MARTINEZ AJ, 1997, BRAIN PATHOL, V7, P583 NATHAN PJ, 1974, SEPARACIONES CROMATO OSATO MS, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S5, V13, S431 PERRINE D, 1992, J PROTOZOOL, V40, A48 PLACE DA, 1993, 93 ANN M ASM C SARMA S, 1990, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V108, P676 SCARPATI ML, 1967, GAZZ CHIM ITAL, V97, P1209 STERNGREEN J, 1989, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V107, P331 TOMLINSON G, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S5, V13, S436 VARGA J, 1993, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V115, P446 VISVESVARA GS, 1990, J PROTOZOOL, V37, P25 VISVESVARA GS, 1991, REV INFECT DIS, V13, S369 VODKIN MH, 1992, J PROTOZOOL, V39, P378 WILHELMUS KR, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S5, V13, S367 YAGITA K, 1990, J PROTOZOOL, V37, P570 NR 32 TC 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 66 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 227MP UT ISI:000082084400012 ER PT J AU Taddei-Bringas, GA Santillana-Macedo, MA Romero-Cancio, JA Romero-Tellez, MB TI Acceptance and use of therapeutic medical plants in family medical care. SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE medicine, herbal utilization; family practice; IMSS (MX) AB Objective. To explore the degree of usage of therapeutic medical plants among the patients, physicans and health workers in a local Family Mediccal Care Unit of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS)), Material and methods,A transversal descriptive study was performed. A questionnaire focusing on two variables was designed and validated. It was applied to 60 family physicians, a randomized sample of 130 health workers and another of 264 patients of the Family Mediccal Care Unit. Response percentage was 78%. Results,The study found that 83% of family physicians accept the therapeutic use of herbal medicine; moreover, 75% use it as a therapeutic resource. Among health workers, acceptance and use was 100%, while in patients the level of acceptance was of 92% and of use it was 90%. Differences between groups are significant (p<0.05). The more frequently used plants are Gordolobo (Gnaphalium sp.), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp, probably E. globulus), spearmint (Mentha sp.), camomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and prickly pear cladodes (the vegetative parts of the prickly pear, Opuntia sp, Probably Opuntia ficus indica). Conclusions. This information agrees with previous reports about Mexico, however, in this case, data were gathered in urban areas where physicians have been trained in the biomedical paradigm of medicine. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Unidad Med, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. IMSS, Delegac Sonora, Delegado Eestatal, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Taddei-Bringas, GA, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Unidad Med, Familiar 37, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. CR *ORG MUND SAL, 1978, PROM DES MED TRAD AT, P355 AGUIRREBELTRAN G, PROGRAMS SALUD SITUA ANZURES MCB, 1981, MED TRADICIONAL MEXI, P157 AUSTIN L, 1984, TEXTOS MED NAHUATL, P225 BANUELOS N, 1996, ESTUDIOS SOCIALES, V12, P163 CORNEE JJ, 1995, J SOUTHE ASIAN EARTH, V12, P41 DIAZ JL, 1976, USO PLANTAS MED MEXI, P154 GARCIAJIMENEZ S, 1994, ACERCA MED TRADICION, P120 GONZALEZCHEVEZ L, 1992, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V35, P393 HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 1993, B I NAL ANTROP HIST, P18 LOPEZESTUDILLO R, 1988, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED, P143 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1994, INTRO ESTUDIO MED TR LOZOYALEGORRETA L, 1988, MED TRADICIONAL MEXI, P137 MENENDEZ E, 1982, HACIA UNA PRACTICA M, P87 MENENDEZ E, 1990, MORIR ALCOHOL SABER, P277 MODENA ME, 1990, MADRES MEDICOS CURAN, P327 MONTOYACABRERA MA, 1996, GAC MED MEX, V4, P433 NELSON L, 1995, J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC, V33, P467 OSUNA L, 1989, REV MED I MEX SEG SO, P305 SANTILLANA M, 1990, 13 S HIST ANTR SON H, V2, P441 SEPULVEDA J, 1993, SALUD PUEBLOS INDIGE TOLEDO VM, 1982, BIOTICA, V7, P141 ZOLLA C, 1986, TERAPEUTAS ENFERMEDA, P16 NR 24 TC 2 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 215YA UT ISI:000081410900012 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Meckes, M Cedillo-Rivera, R Tapia-Contreras, A Mata, R TI Screening of Mexican medicinal plants for antiprotozoal activity SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiprotozoal activity; Entamoeba; Giardia; medicinal plants; Mexico ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; SESQUITERPENE LACTONE; RATIBIDA-LATIPALEARIS; HELIANTHELLA-QUINQUENERVIS; RATIBINOLIDE; ALKALOIDS AB The MeOH extracts from 19 Mexican medicinal plants belonging to different families have been assessed for anriprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Five plant extracts, derived from Acalypha phleoides, Cnidoscolus tehuacanensis, Geranium niveum, Hellianthella quinquenervis and Teloxys graveolens, were found to possess significant activity against both protozoa, bur were less potent than metronidazole. These findings tend to support the ethnomedical use of the species for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea in Mexican traditional medicine. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Unidad Plantas Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR ARELLANO J, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P269 CALZADOFLORES CC, 1986, ARCH INVEST MED MEX, V17, P127 CASTANEDA P, 1996, J NAT PROD, V59, P323 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, J MED MICROBIOL, V37, P221 CONDEBONFIL MC, 1992, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V34, P335 DIAMOND LS, 1971, ARCH INVEST MED S1, V2, P339 DIAZ J, 1977, USOS PLANTAS MED MEX DOMINGUEZ XA, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1855 DOU JH, 1996, J NAT PROD, V59, P73 FROLOVA VI, 1964, ZH OBSHCHEIKHIMNII, V34, P3599 HERZ W, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P435 JIMENEZ A, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V34, P1079 JIMENEZ A, 1996, J NAT PRODUCTS, V59, P202 KOROSI M, 1976, HERBA HUNG, V15, P9 KOWALSKA M, 1966, ACTA POL PHARM, V23, P295 KUBO I, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P461 MARTINEZM, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MATA R, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P191 MATA R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1887 MATA R, 1989, J NAT PRODUCTS, V5, P836 MATA R, 1990, HETEROCYCLES, V31, P1111 MULVEY RK, 1969, ECON BOT, V23, P75 NOGUERA B, 1994, FITOTERAPIA, V65, P182 NOVAK I, 1970, HERBA HUNG, V9, P23 OKORIE DA, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P469 PETITPALAY G, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P469 PHILLIPSON JD, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P135 REISCH J, 1969, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P3803 REISCH J, 1972, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P449 REISCH J, 1973, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V12, P2552 REISCH J, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P1678 REISCH J, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P840 REISH J, 1978, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V39, P3681 RIDEAU M, 1979, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V18, P155 ROJAS A, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P1279 SEGURACORREA R, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P1567 SOTONUNEZ JC, 1995, CUADERNO 25 I BIOL U, P198 SZENDREI K, 1973, LLOYDIA, V36, P333 SZENDREI K, 1974, HERBA HUNG, V13, P49 WRIGHT CW, 1994, PHYTOTHER RES, V8, P149 NR 42 TC 14 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 214UR UT ISI:000081346400001 ER PT J AU Martinez-Vazquez, M Gonzalez-Esquinca, AR Luna, LC Gutierrez, MNM Garcia-Argaez, AN TI Antimicrobial activity of Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) HBK SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Byrsonima crassifolia; antimicrobial; Malpighiaceae; chiapas; Mexico ID DERMATOPHYTIC INFECTIONS; GUATEMALA; PLANTS AB From Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) H.B.K. a tropical tree widely distributed in Mexico, Central and South America, which has been used medicinally since prehispanic times, we report here the antibacterial activities of organic extracts of roots and stems. The ethyl acetate of roots was the most active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epididermis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Micrococcus luteus. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Ciencias & Artes Estado Chiapas, Escuela Biol, Tuxtla Gutierrez 29000, Chiapas, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Martinez-Vazquez, M, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR AMARQUAYE A, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P85 BEJAR E, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P25 BERLIN E, 1996, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG CACERES A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P263 CACERES A, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V40, P207 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1973, METODOS INVESTIGACIO GEISS F, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V39, P635 HARBORNE BJ, 1995, PHYTOCHEMICAL DICT H, P388 KAPOOR LD, 1969, LLOYDIA, V32, P297 MARTINEZ M, 1979, CATALOGO NOMBRES VUL, P610 RASTRELLI L, 1997, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V45, P647 RIZK AM, 1982, FITOTERAPIA, V52, P35 SEGELMAN AB, 1969, LLOYDIA, V32, P52 NR 13 TC 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 213XE UT ISI:000081297900011 ER PT J AU Molina, M Contreras, CM Tellez-Alcantara, P Rodriguez, F TI Sedative actions of Ternstroemia sylvatica in the male rat SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anxiolytic; elevated plus-maze; forced swim; medicinal plant; open field; sedative; Ternstroemia sylvatica ID FORCED SWIMMING TEST; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; ANXIETY; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; BENZODIAZEPINES; IMMOBILITY; EXTRACTS; BEHAVIOR; DIAZEPAM; AGONISTS AB Ternstroemia sylvatica is a plant reputed popularly to possess a anxiolytic properties but has not yet been systematically tested for such activity. The behavioral actions of T. sylvatica were examined using the open field test, the elevated plus-maze test, and the forced swim test in male rats. T. sylvatica (7.1 mg/kg and 14.2 mg/kg, I.P.) reduced ambulatory behavior in the open field test and cancelled the anti-immobility actions produced by desipramine (32 mg/kg, I.P) in the forced swim test, as did diazepam. In the elevated plus-maze test, T. sylvatica (7.1 mg/kg, I.P.) failed to show anxiolytic actions. It is concluded that Ternstroemia sylvatica produces sedative effects rather than the attributed anxiolytic actions. C1 Univ Veracruzana, Inst Invest Psicol, Lab Conducta, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Lab Neurofarmacol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Dept Fisiol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Molina, M, POB 361, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. CR AGUILARSANTAMARIA L, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P531 BHATTACHARYA SK, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P87 BHATTACHARYA SK, 1994, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V32, P37 BORSINI F, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V94, P147 CERVO L, 1988, EUR J PHARMACOL, V158, P53 CRAWLEY JN, 1985, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V9, P37 FERNANDES P, 1987, GUIA PRACTICA PLANTA, P406 FISHER CE, 1996, LIFE SCI, V58, P701 HANDLEY SL, 1993, J PHARMACOL TOXICOL, V29, P129 HASENOHRL RU, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P271 HOGG S, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V54, P21 JAISWAL AK, 1994, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V32, P489 KOSTOWSKI W, 1992, PHARMACOL TOXICOL, V71, P24 NAKAGAWA Y, 1996, BRAIN RES, V709, P215 REX A, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P1005 RODGERS RJ, 1995, CRIT REV NEUROBIOL, V9, P345 SCHWEIZER E, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P908 THONGSAARD W, 1996, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V53, P753 TORTORIELLO J, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P111 VANDERMEERSCHMO.V, 1993, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V32, P439 VIOLA H, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V44, P47 VIOLA H, 1995, PLANTA MED, V61, P213 WIELAND S, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V101, P497 WOLFMAN C, 1994, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V47, P1 ZOLLA C, 1980, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V2, P37 NR 25 TC 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD MAY PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 211EH UT ISI:000081146600008 ER PT J AU Ponce-Monter, H Campos, MG Aguilar, I Delgado, G TI Effect of xanthorrhizol, xanthorrhizol glycoside and trachylobanoic acid isolated from Cachani complex plants upon the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cachani complex; xanthorrhizol; trachylobanoic acid; rat uterus ID RAT UTERUS; CONSTITUENTS; HETEROPHYLLA; ALKALOIDS; ROOTS AB Xanthorrhizol, xanthorrhizol glycoside, and trachylobanoic acid, compounds isolated from medicinal plants that are grouped in the complex known as Cachani have been shown to inhibit the tonic contraction of rat uterus induced by: (a) depolarizing K+ solution (60 mM), (b) CaCl2 (1 mM), and (c) BAY K 8644 (0.3 mu M) in a concentration-dependent manner (1-30 mu g/mL). The inhibitory potency was displayed as Follows: xanthorrhizol > xanthorrhizol glycoside > trachylobanoic acid. These results suggest that the assayed compounds might block voltage operated calcium influx in myometrial cells as they displayed a calcium-antagonistic activity. This effect is not due to peripheral receptor activation (beta(2)-adrenergic, H-2-histaminergic) as neither propranolol nor cimetidine modified the inhibitory effect of the compounds assayed. This is the first report showing that plants belonging to the Cachani complex may contain uterine smooth muscle bioactive substances. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl, Unidad Invest Med & Farmacol, Mexico City 03020, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Div Estudios Posgrad, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Campos, MG, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Div Clin Immunol, 5501 Bayview Circle,Room 3A 62, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. CR AGUILAR MI, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P1161 AGUILAR MI, 1995, NAT PROD LETT, V7, P155 CALIXTO JB, 1989, GEN PHARMACOL, V20, P771 CALIXTO JB, 1991, EUR J PHARMACOL, V192, P109 CAMPOSBEDOLLA P, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P11 CAMPOSLARA G, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P71 DOCON MP, 1989, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V297, P205 DOCON P, 1992, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V44, P579 GRANGER SE, 1986, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V87, P147 IVORRA MD, 1993, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V45, P439 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 LOZOYA X, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P267 PONCEMONTER H, 1995, ARCH MED RES, V26, S185 ROJAS A, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P154 SOMLYO AP, 1994, NATURE, V372, P231 NR 15 TC 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 202 EP 205 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 198CZ UT ISI:000080405700005 ER PT J AU Pena, JC TI Pre-Columbian medicine and the kidney SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Olmecs; Aztecs; religion; kidney disease; bone disease AB Medicine in Mesoamerican cultures began in the year 1500 BC and ended with the conquest and destruction of Merico-Tenochtitlan in 1521 by Spain. Mesoamerica started with the Olmec civilization followed by the Teoitihuacanes, Toltecs, and Mayas and perished with the Nahoa Empire. The medicine used by the Aztecs (ticiotl) is undoubtedly the sum of all Mesoamerican medicine. The medical history of the ticiotl was recovered in the years that followed the conquest from the works of Bernardino de Sahagun and Francisco Hernandez and the Cruz-Badiano coder. All these works describe the use of plants and herbs in the treatment of diseases, including, edema, urinary retention, kidney stones, and podagra. The Aztec doctors (titicih) were also well acquainted with innumerable diseases and were excellent healers of wounds and fractures. The works of modern historians confirm the theory of the ticiotl medicine and its application by the titicih and define the differences between the hippocratic-galenic medicine and the ticiotl medicine. The latter used a complex and philosophically elaborated medical theory based on the polarity cold/warm, different from the four-humor theory. They demonstrate that every culture is capable to understand and 'invent' the meaning of disease and its cure, even when it is different from our modern medical views. C1 Hosp Mocel, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Angeles Pedregal, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Pena, JC, Monte Pichincha 29, Mexico City 11020, DF, Mexico. CR FLORENTINE CODEX, CH27 MATRITENSE CODEX, R146 *CTR TECN EL INF, 1995, PLANT MED MEX US REM BERNAL I, 1991, MUNDO OLMECA CORTES H, 1978, CARTAS RELACION DARDOIS S, 1978, MED CULTURAS MESOAME DELACRUZ M, 1991, LIBELLUS MEDICINALIB DESAHAGUN B, 1961, HIST GEN NUEVA ESPAN ESQUIVEL MTJ, 1970, B I NAC ANTHR HIST, V41, P5 ESQUIVEL MTJ, 1991, REV MEX ANTHR, V36, P171 FOSTER G, 1987, MED ANTHROPOL Q, V1, P355 HERNANDEZ F, 1959, HIST NATURAL NUEVA E, V2 LOPEZAUSTIN A, 1980, CUERPO HUMANO IDEOLO LOPEZAUSTIN A, 1980, TEXTOS MED NAHUATL LOPEZAUSTIN A, 1996, PASADO INDIGENA OCARANZA F, 1995, HIST MED MEXICO TRABULSE E, 1983, CONACYT FONDO CULTUR, P291 VELUT D, 1973, PRECOLUMBIAN DERMATO VIESCA C, 1997, CONCEPTOS MED ANTIGU NR 19 TC 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AMER J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 PG 7 SC Urology & Nephrology GA 193KJ UT ISI:000080135200009 ER PT J AU Meckes, M Calzada, F Tapia-Contreras, A Cedillo-Rivera, R TI Antiprotozoal properties of Helianthemum glomeratum SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; diarrhoea; antiprotozoan; polyphenols; (-)-epigallocatechin ID ANTIBACTERIAL AB Structure characterization and biological evaluation of the compounds isolated from Helianthemum glomeratum, particularly that of the polyphenols, has been the aim of a series of studies carried out to define the further potential use of this plant in the treatment of infectious diarrhoea in children. The flavan-3-ols, (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, isolated from Helianthemum glomeratum roots were tested for their antiamoebic and antigiardial effects in vitro, Compared with the activity determined with the leaf and the root methanol extracts, the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin against Entamoeba histolytica was of a similar potency, nevertheless, it also suppressed the growth of Giardia lamblia in axenic cultures, a parasite that proved to be resistant to the crude extracts. It might be assumed that determined biological properties are due to the presence of (-)-epigallocatechin in the plant, although the flavonoids, kaempferol and tiliroside isolated from the leaves, could account for the antiprotozoal properties of this herbal resource, used in Mayan traditional medicine for the treatment of bloody diarrhoea, Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 IMSS, CMN Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06770, DF, Mexico. IMSS, CMN Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Mexico City 06770, DF, Mexico. RP Meckes, M, IMSS, CMN Siglo XXI, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06770, DF, Mexico. CR ASANO Y, 1997, LIFE SCI, V60, P135 BERLIN EA, 1986, GASTROINTESTINAL DIS BERLIN EA, 1996, NAKED SCI, P43 CALZADA F, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V34, P1 CALZADA F, 1998, PHYTOTHER RES, V12, P70 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P79 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, J MED MICROBIOL, V37, P221 HAMINGWAY RW, 1992, BASIC LIFE SCI, V59, P387 MECKES M, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P128 NISHINO C, 1987, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V51, P139 STAMMLER G, 1997, ANTI-CANCER DRUG, V8, P265 TORRES J, 1995, ARCH MED RES, V26, P23 NR 13 TC 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 177FV UT ISI:000079200700003 ER PT J AU Meckes, M Paz, D Acosta, J Mata, R TI The effects of chrysin and pinostrobin, two flavonoids isolated from Teloxys graveolens leaves, on isolated guinea-pig ileum SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Teloxys graveolens; chrysin; pinostrobin; smooth muscle relaxant effect; calcium antagonistic activity ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; PLANTS AB The pharmacological effects of pinostrobin and chrysin obtained from the aerial parts of Teloxys graveolens (Chenopodiaceae) were evaluated using isolated in vitro guinea-pig ileal smooth muscle. Both flavonoids inhibited the contractions evoked by high concentrations of potassium. The potency of the relaxant effect was determined by measuring the capacity of each product in reducing the phasic and the slower sustained tonic contractile responses induced by depolarization with 60 mM K+. Concentrations up to 5 x 10(-7) M of pinostrobin and 1 x 10(-7) M of chrysin induced a non-competitive depression of responses to Ca2+ in ileum preparations bathed in a Ca2+-free, high K+ medium. Both compounds produced a rightward displacement of the concentration-response curves to Ca2+ with a concentration-depend ant increase of EC50 and a decrease of the maximal response. Examination of the inhibitory effect produced by these flavonoids on the phasic component of contractile response evoked with K+ and on the contraction induced with caffeine, led to propose a different intracellular mechanism of action used by these compounds. The results obtained led us to conclude that the previously detected relaxant effect of Teloxys graveolens crude extract is due in part, to the presence of chrysin and pinostrobin, which inhibit intestinal smooth muscle contractions by means of a calcium-mediated mechanism. Since the modulation of calcium fluxes in the mucosal epithelium may play a role in antidiarrheal drug action, the observed effects in vitro could in the same way explain the popular use of the plant for the treatment of diarrhea. C1 IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Mexico City 06750, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Meckes, M, IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Hosp Pediat, Av Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06750, DF, Mexico. CR ABDALLA SS, 1987, PLANTA MED, V53, P322 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC AVILES M, 1994, CATALOGO PLANTAS MED BERRIDGE MJ, 1984, SCAND J GASTROEN S87, V18, P43 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 CAMACHO MD, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P383 CAPASSO A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P279 IMAIZUMI Y, 1996, AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH, V271, C772 KLIKS MM, 1985, SOC SCI MED, V21, P879 LAEKEMAN G, 1986, PLANTA MED, V52, P433 MATA R, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P191 MATA R, 1993, RECENT ADV PHYTOCHEM, V27, P47 MORALES MA, 1994, ARCH MED RES, V25, P17 NASU T, 1996, GEN PHARMACOL, V27, P513 POLLACK Y, 1990, PARASITOL RES, V76, P570 REYNOLDS IJ, 1984, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V231, P628 URAKAWA N, 1964, AM J PHYSIOL, V207, P873 NR 17 TC 3 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD DEC PY 1998 VL 5 IS 6 BP 459 EP 463 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 172PE UT ISI:000078932300006 ER PT J AU Heinze, G Ontiveros, M TI Phytopharmacology as an alternative treatment in psychiatry. SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE phytomedicines; Hypericum perforatum; piper-methysticum; Ginkgo biloba ID ST-JOHN WORT; GINKGO-BILOBA; UNCONVENTIONAL MEDICINE; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DOUBLE-BLIND; EXTRACT; DEMENTIA; ANTIDEPRESSANT; DEPRESSION; PROFILE AB Phytomedicines for the treatment of different diseases have been used since a long time ago, but the discovery of synthetic dregs, like sulphas, peniciline and others antibiotics, disminshed the popularity of traditional medicine. In this work we explain why the interest on medical plant extracts surged again. We describe the pharmacodynamic and the pharmacokinetic aspects of three phytomedicines: Hypericum perforatum (Saint John's flower) for depression, Piper-methysticum (Kava-kava) for anxiety and Ginkgo biloba, for dementia. C1 Inst Mexicano Psiquiatria, Div Serv Clin, Serv Hospitalizac, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. RP Heinze, G, Inst Mexicano Psiquiatria, Div Serv Clin, Serv Hospitalizac, Calz Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. CR AKRELE O, 1992, FITOTERAPIA, V63, P99 BENDER KJ, 1996, PSYCHIAT ITMES OCT BLOOMFIELD HH, 1996, HEAL DEPRESSION 5, P233 CAMPION EW, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P282 CHUNG IW, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P139 COTT J, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P745 COTT J, 1998, AM PSYCH ASS 151 ANN, P143 COTT JM, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P108 COTTRELL JE, 1995, J NEUROSURG ANESTH, V7, P31 DESMET PAGM, 1996, BRIT MED J, V313, P241 DRESSING H, 1992, THERAPIEWOCHE, V42, P726 DUKE JA, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P177 EISENBERG DM, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P246 EMSER W, 1991, TW NEUROLOGIE PSYCHI, V5, P636 GOMEZ E, 1997, INVESTIGACION MED IN, V24, P31 HANSEL R, TERAPIA FITOFARMACOS, P219 HANSEL R, 1987, DTSCH APOTHEKERZEITU, V127, P2 HAREER G, 1994, PHYTOMEDICINE, V1, P3 HERBERG KW, 1993, J ALCOHOL DRUGS BEHA, V30, P96 HOFFERBERTH B, 1994, HUM PSYCHOPHARM CLIN, V9, P215 HOLM E, 1991, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V41, P673 ITIL T, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P147 ITIL TM, 1996, AM J THER, V3, P63 JOHNSON D, 1991, TW NEUROLOGIE PSYCHI, V5, P349 KLEIJNEN J, 1992, LANCET, V340, P1136 KLINZER E, 1991, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V42, P584 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1969, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V177, P261 KRETZSCHMAR R, 1974, CHEM ZTG, V98, P24 KUNKEL H, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V27, P40 LEBARS PL, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V278, P1327 LINDE K, 1996, BRIT MED J, V313, P253 LOZOYA X, 1997, FITOFARMACOS LOZOYA X, 1998, S IMSS FARM SCHW, V2, P109 MARWICK CH, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V22, P607 MCKENNA DJ, 1998, AM PSYCH ASS 151 ANN, P143 MEYER H, 1966, FARMACOLOGIA FARMACO MULLER WE, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P102 MUNTE TF, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V27, P46 NAHRSTEDT A, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P129 REH C, 1992, THERAPIEWOCHE, V42, P1576 TRUNZLER G, 1989, FORTSCHRITTE MED, V107, P24 VOLZ HP, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMAKOTHERAP, V1, P101 VOLZ HP, 1997, PHARMACOPSYCHIATR S2, V30, P72 WARNECKE G, 1991, FORTSCHR MED, V109, P119 WOELK H, 1993, Z ALLGEMEINMED, V69, P271 WOELK H, 1994, J GERIATR PSYCHIA S1, V7, P34 NR 46 TC 1 PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA PI MEXICO CITY PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO SN 0185-3325 J9 SALUD MENT JI Salud Ment. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 SC Psychiatry GA 160MA UT ISI:000078233400005 ER PT J AU Anaya, AL Mata, R Rivero-Cruz, F Hernandez-Bautista, BE Chavez-Velasco, D Gomez-Pompa, A TI Allelochemical potential of Metopium brownei SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metopium brownei; Anacardiaceae; dihydroquercetin; eriodyctiol; masticadienoic acid; urushiols; alkylcatechols; allelochemicals; allelopathics ID POISONOUS ANACARDIACEAE; GUINEA-PIGS; DERMATITIS; URUSHIOLS; IVY AB Metopium brownei is a tree that grows in coastal tropical forests along the Gulf of Mexico and in the Yucatan Peninsula. This medicinal species produces a strongly irritant exudate, and sometimes forms pure populations favored by fire. The bioactivity of the aqueous leachates, organic extracts (leaves, bark, and wood), and mixtures of urushiols and flavonoids from M. brownei were evaluated on the growth of two plants: Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli, and four phytopathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium sp., Alternaria sp., and Pythium sp. Alkylcatechols (urushiols) were isolated from an acetone extract of the bark. Dihydroquercetin and eriodictyol were isolated from the chloroform-methanol extract of the wood. In addition, masticadienoic acid was isolated from the leaves. The aqueous leachates, organic extracts, and the mixtures of flavonoids and urushiols were inhibitory to the growth of test plants and phytopathogenic fungi. The allelochemical role of the bioactive compounds from M. brownei is discussed in relation with other results reported in some studies on Anacardiaceae family and M. brownei. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Fisiol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Dept Farm, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Anaya, AL, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Fisiol Celular, Ciudad Univ,Apdo Postal 70-243, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. 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Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 141 EP 156 PG 16 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology GA 162AX UT ISI:000078323800009 ER PT J AU Encarnacion-Dimayuga, R Altamirano, L Maki, KA TI Screening of medicinal plants from Baja California Sur (Mexico) by their effects on smooth muscle contractility SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant extracts; smooth muscle contractility AB Forty-eight ethanol extracts of medicinal plants reportedly used in the Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur were tested for their effects on rabbit jejunal smooth muscle contractility. Thirty-five extracts (73%) showed some response and thirteen (27%) none. The most active was an extract of Brugmansia suaveolens (Datura suaveolens), a member of the Solanaceae family. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Agron, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. RP Encarnacion-Dimayuga, R, Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Agron, AP 19-B, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. CR CLARKE EG, 1974, ISOLATION IDENTIFICA DUKE JA, 1985, HDB MED HERBS ENCARNACION DR, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V17, P183 ENCARNACION DR, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V20, P209 ENCARNACION DR, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P181 ENCARNACION DR, 1994, INT J PHARMACOGN, V32, P320 ENCARNACION DR, 1995, REV MEX CIENC FARM, V26, P25 LOPEZ FJ, 1990, PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT, V51, P71 NR 8 TC 2 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD APR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 125UV UT ISI:000076256200009 ER PT J AU Dimayuga, RE Virgen, M Ochoa, N TI Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from Baja California Sur (Mexico) SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baja California Sur; Mexico; plant extracts; antimicrobial activity; Bacillus subtilis; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans AB Ethanol extracts of 109 plants reported to be used in the traditional medicine of Baja California Sur (Mexico) were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Of these, 64 were active against one or more test organisms. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Agron, La Paz 23080, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. RP Dimayuga, RE, Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Agron, AP 19-B, La Paz 23080, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. CR *OMS, 1996, ORG MUND SAL INF SAL, P1 *SECR SAL AS PUBL, 1995, VIG EP SEM SECR SAL, V42 ANAND N, 1984, A BENZON S, V20, P83 ENCARNACION R, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P181 ENCARNACION R, 1992, REV MED IMSS, V30, P297 ENCARNACION R, 1995, REV MEXICANA CIEN FA, V26, P25 MADUBUNYI II, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P232 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 SUNDAR RK, 1996, INT J PHARMACOGN, V34, P223 TYLER VE, 1988, PHARMACOGNOSY, P7 NR 10 TC 7 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 121EH UT ISI:000076000000008 ER PT J AU Frei, B Sticher, O Viesca, C Heinrich, M TI Medicinal and food plants: Isthmus Sierra Zapotec criteria for selection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK LA English DT Article ID TZINTZUNTZAN; WELL AB The Zapotec inhabitants of the Sierra de Juarez foothills in Oaxaca (Mexico) live in an area of great biological diversity. As farmers (campesinos), and occasional gatherers, hunters, and fishermen Zapotecs have a deep relationship with, and detailed knowledge of, their natural environment. Consequently, in daily subsistence and in response to illness, plants play major roles. This paper examines cultural criteria applied by the Sierra Zapotecs for selecting plants as food and/or medicine. These criteria are based on binary forms of classification. While the "hot"/"cold" dichotomy is dominant, other opposing systems exist, such as amargo/simple (bitter/neutral). Whether a plant is regarded as frio ("cold"), caliente ("hot") or tin some rare cases) templado ("temperate") depends mainly on one of the following criteria: habitat and/or the season of growth and collection, analogy in appearance to aspects of the illness being treated or features associated with well-being (doctrine of signatures), and taste and smell properties. Criteria for plant selection are not based on a single classificatory system, but are an integration of several. A comparison with ethnobotanical data from neighboring Mire clearly showed differences due to cultural background. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Zurich, Dept Pharm, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Med Hist & Anthropol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Freiburg, Inst Pharmaceut Biol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Heinrich, M, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Zurich, Dept Pharm, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. CR *I NAC EST GEOGR I, 1993, REG ISTM OAX PERF SO AUSTIN AL, 1980, CUERPO HUMANO IDEOLO CAMPELL H, 1993, ZAPOTEC STRUGGLES DEMONTELLANO BO, 1986, FOLK MED ART SCI, P1 ETKIN NL, 1982, SOC SCI MED, V16, P1559 ETKIN NL, 1994, EATING WILD SIDE PHA FOSTER GM, 1984, MED ANTHR, V8, P180 FOSTER GM, 1984, SOC SCI MED, V19, P523 FOSTER GM, 1985, SOC SCI MED, V21, P807 FOSTER GM, 1988, AM ETHNOL, V15, P120 FOSTER GM, 1994, HIPPOCRATES LATIN AM FREI B, UNPUB MED ETHNOBOTAN HEINRICH M, 1989, DISS BOT HEINRICH M, 1994, ANTHROPOS, V89, P73 HEINRICH M, 1998, J APPL BOT-ANGEW BOT, V72, P75 JOHNS T, 1990, BITTER HERBS THEY SH JOSSERAND JK, 1984, VANDERBILT U PUBLICA, V31 MARTIN G, 1995, ETHNOBOTANY MESSER E, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V33, P107 MOERMAN DE, 1979, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V1, P111 MOERMAN DE, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V52, P1 MOLONY CH, 1975, ECOL FOOD NUTR, V4, P67 NADER L, 1976, HDB MIDDLE AM INDI 1, P329 NR 23 TC 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0066-1759 J9 J APPL BOT-ANGEW BOT JI J. Appl. Bot.-Angew. Bot. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences GA 122QU UT ISI:000076083600004 ER PT J AU Perez-Gutierrez, RM Perez-Gonzalez, C Zavala-Sanchez, MA Perez-Gutierrez, S TI Hypoglycemic activity of Bouvardia terniflora, Brickellia veronicaefolia, and Parmentiera edulis SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE hypoglycemic; plants, medicinal Brickellia veronicaefolia, Bouvardia terniflora, Parmentiera edulis AB Objective. To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of Bouvordia ternifloro, Brickelia veronicaefolia and Parmentiera edulis. Material and methods. Normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered these plant extracts (intraperitoneal 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Results. The administration of 300 mg/kg of chloroform extracts from P.edulis and B. terniflora and hexane from B. veronicaefolia to diabetic mice decreased the blood glucose levels in 43.75, 58.56 and 72.13%, respectively. These extracts administered to normal mice reduced blood glucose levels in 29.61, 33.42 and 39.84%, respectively. Conclusions. The hypoglycemic effect of these plant extracts used in traditional medicine for diabetes treatment is confirmed. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Super Ingn Quim & Ind Extractivas, Lab Invest Prod Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Perez-Gutierrez, RM, Punto Fijo 16,Colonia Torres Lindavista, Mexico City 07750, DF, Mexico. CR BATES RB, 1983, J AM CHEM SOC, V105, P1343 CASAMADA RSM, 1977, TRATADO FARMACOGNOSI, P26 DULIN WE, 1964, BASIC PHARM TECHNIQU, P210 HAFEZ EC, 1970, REPROD BREEDING TECH, P126 HYAVARINER A, 1966, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V7, P140 PEREZ RM, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P677 RODRIGUWZ GH, 1975, ACTA MED, V6, P33 TURNER R, 1965, SCREENING METHODS PH, P243 NR 8 TC 6 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 40 IS 4 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117YU UT ISI:000075811100008 ER PT J AU Ott, J TI The Delphic Bee: Bees and toxic honeys as pointers to psychoactive and other medicinal plants SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE balche; meads; Turbina corymbosa; entheogens; Mayan Indians; Lonchocarpus violaceus ID OAXACA; MEXICO AB Herein a br-ief review, with 49 references, of the history and phytochemistry of toxic honeys, in which bees have sequestered plant secondary compounds naturally occurring in plant nectars (floral and extrafloral). It is hypothesized that such toxic honeys could have served as pointers ro psychoactive and other medicinal plants for human beings exploring novel ecosystems, causing such plants to stand out even against a background of extreme biodiversity. After reviewing various ethnomedicinal uses of toxic honeys, the author suggests that pre-Columbian Yucatecan Mayans intentionally; produced a pychoactive honey from the shamanic inebriant Turbina corymbosa as a visionary; substrate for manufacture of their ritual metheglin, balche. C1 Nat Prod Co, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Ott, J, Nat Prod Co, Apartado Postal 532, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. CR BAKER HG, 1977, APIDOLOGIE, V8, P349 BAKER HG, 1983, BIOL NECTARIES, P126 BOLIO AM, 1974, APICULTURA MEXICO, V4, P31 BREKHMAN II, 1967, ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC S, P415 BROWNER CH, 1985, ECON BOT, V39, P482 CLAVIGERO FS, 1780, CESANA, V1, P107 CLINCH PG, 1968, NZ J SCI, V11, P346 DECONCONI JR, 1988, J ETHNOBIOL, V8, P195 DEDOMINGUEZ MCB, 1973, REV COLOMBIANA CIENC, V2, P5 DELIMA OG, 1977, LLOYDIA, V40, P195 DELLEMONACHE F, 1977, LLOYDIA, V40, P201 DEMONTELLANO BRO, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P57 DORBIGNY ACV, 1839, VOYAGE AM MERIDIONAL, V2, P600 FUHNER H, 1926, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V52, P1283 HALLIDAY WR, 1922, DISCOVERY, V3, P231 HAZSLINSZKY B, 1956, Z BIENENFORSCHUNG, V3, P93 HAZSLINSZKY B, 1957, Z BIENENFORSCHUNG, V3, P240 HOFMANN A, 1963, BOT MUSEUM LEAFLETS, V20, P194 HOWES FN, 1949, KEW B, V2, P167 JONES WR, 1947, GLEANINGS BEE CULTUR, V75, P76 KEBLER LF, 1896, P AM PHARM ASS, V44, P167 KOHANAWA M, 1957, J PHARM SOC JAPAN, V53, P49 KOZLOVA MV, 1957, VAPOROSY PITANIIA, V16, P80 KRAUSE K, 1926, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V44, P976 LIPP FJ, 1991, MIXE OAXACA RELIG RI LOCKWOOD TE, 1979, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V1, P147 LUTOMSKI J, 1972, PSZCZELARSTWO, V23, P5 MAYOR A, 1995, ARCHAEOLOGY, V48, P32 NARANJO P, 1961, ARCH CRIMINOLOGIA NE, V9, P600 NARANJO P, 1969, TERAPIA, V24, P5 OTT J, 1993, PHARMACOTHEON ETHEOG PALMERJONES T, 1947, NZ J SCI TECHNOL A, V29, P107 PALMERJONES T, 1949, NZ J SCI TECHNOLOGY, V31, P246 PALMERJONES T, 1965, NZ MED J, V64, P631 PARIS M, 1975, ECON BOT, V29, P245 PLUGGE PC, 1891, ARCH PHARM, V229, P554 RANSOME HM, 1937, SACRED BEE ANCIENT T RATSCH C, 1987, Z ETHNOMEDIZIN, V10, P215 RATSCH C, 1992, DICT SACRED MAGICAL ROSCHER WH, 1883, NEKTAR AMBROSIA EINE ROYS RL, 1931, MIDDLE AM RES SERIES, V2 SCHULTES RE, 1988, WHERE GODS REIGN PLA SCHWARZ HF, 1948, B AM MUSEUM NATURAL, V90 SCOTT PM, 1971, FD COSMET TOXICOL, V9, P179 SPEGAZZINI C, 1909, REV FACULTAD AGR VET, V5, P40 TOKUDA Y, 1925, BEE WORLD, V7, P4 TSUCHIYA H, 1977, KANAGAWA KEN EISEI K, V7, P19 TURNER NC, 1973, ECON BOT, V27, P257 VONIHERING H, 1903, ZOOLOGISCHE JB, V19, P270 WASSON RG, 1963, BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEA, V20, P161 WOOD HB, 1954, J AM CHEM SOC, V76, P5689 NR 51 TC 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences GA 114GM UT ISI:000075600800003 ER PT J AU Alarcon-Aguilara, FJ Roman-Ramos, R Perez-Gutierrez, S Aguilar-Contreras, A Contreras-Weber, CC Flores-Saenz, JL TI Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-diabetic plants; hypoglycemic plants; medicinal plants; diabetes mellitus control ID OPUNTIA-STREPTACANTHA; FENUGREEK SEEDS; TECOMA-STANS; EXTRACT AB The purpose of this research was to study the anti-hyperglycemic effect of 28 medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Each plant was processed in the traditional way and intragastricalIy administered to temporarily hyperglycemic rabbits. The results showed that eight out of the 28 studied plants significantly decrease the hyperglycemic peak and/or the area under the glucose tolerance curve. These plants were: Guazuma ulmifolia, Tournefortia hirsutissima, Lepechinia caulescens, Rhizophora mangle, Musa sapientum, Trigonella fonum graceum, Turnera diffusa, and Euphorbia prostrata. The results suggest the validity of their clinical use in diabetes mellitus control, after their toxicological investigation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Dept Sistemas Biol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Herbarium, IMSSM,Subjefatura Invest, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Alarcon-Aguilara, FJ, Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Ciencias Salud, Av Michoacan & Purisima,Col Vicentina ,Apartado P, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. CR AGUILAR A, 1994, INFORMACION ETNOBOTA, P253 AKHTAR MS, 1984, PLANTA MED, V50, P138 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1993, CIENCIA, V44, P363 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1997, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V55, P171 BAILEY CJ, 1992, DIABETES CARE, V15, P755 BYE R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P65 DAVIS EA, 1997, DIABETES CARE, V20, P22 FRATIMUNARI A, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P51 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P211 GONZALEZ M, 1992, PLANTA MED, V58, P513 IBANEZCAMACHO R, 1979, ARCH INVEST MED, V10, P223 IBANEZCAMACHO R, 1983, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V7, P175 LEBOVITZ HE, 1990, DIABETES CARE, V13, P667 LOZOYAMECKES M, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V14, P1 MECKESLOZOYA M, 1985, ARCH INVEST MED, V16, P387 MECKESLOZYOA M, 1986, AM J CHINESE MED, V14, P116 MOHAMMADALIAJAB., 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, V22, P45 MOHAMMED AA, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V28, P215 PEREZ RM, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P253 RAGHURAM TC, 1994, PHYTOTHER RES, V8, P83 RIBES G, 1984, ANN NUTR METAB, V28, P37 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 ROMANRAMOS R, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V48, P25 STEEL R, 1989, BIOESTADISTICA PRINC, P622 WHITE JR, 1996, DIABETES SPECTRUM, V9, P227 YOUSSEFHAMMOUDA AK, 1964, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V16, P833 NR 28 TC 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZW201 UT ISI:000074385800002 ER PT J AU Ramirez, BEB Ruiz, NN Arellano, JDQ Madrigal, BR Michel, MTV Garzon, P TI Anticonvulsant effects of Magnolia grandiflora L. In the rat SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Magnolia grandiflora L.; medicinal plants; magnoliaceae; anticonvulsants; seeds; convulsions ID DRUGS AB The ethyl ether (EE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Magnolia grandiflora a L. (Magnoliaceae) seeds, a popular plant utilized in the Mexican traditional medicine because of its antispasmodic as well as other reported pharmacological effects, were studied in adult male Wistar rats. EE and HE orally administered in a single dose of 250 mg/kg (calculated on lipidic base) and 200 mg/kg, exhibited abolition of the extensor reflex of maximal electric induced-seizure test in 50 and 40% of the experimental animals, respectively. They significantly prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital and only the ethanol extract induced hypothermia. No neurological deficit was exhibited by either extract according to the gait, stance and righting test. Although ulterior toxicological and pharmacological insight is necessary, these results suggest that the chemical constituents of this plant could have utility in the control of epileptic patients presenting convulsive seizures. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Unidad Invest Biomed Occidente, Div Neurociencas, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fisiol, Ctr Ciencias Salud, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Ruiz, NN, Unidad Invest Biomed Occidente, Div Neurociencas, POB 1-3838, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. CR CHATURVEDI AK, 1976, PHARMACOL RES COMMUN, V8, P199 CHAUHAN AK, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V22, P11 CLARK AM, 1981, J PHARM SCI, V70, P951 FERALY EI, 1978, LLOYDIA, V41, P442 FISHER RS, 1989, BRAIN RES REV, V14, P24 GARZON P, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P57 GOODMAN LS, 1953, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V108, P168 LOSCHER W, 1991, EPILEPSY RES, V8, P171 MARTINEZ M, 1959, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P343 MELLADO V, 1980, ARCH MED RES MEXICO, V11, P335 NAVARRORUIZ A, 1996, PHYTOTHER RES, V10, P242 RAO KV, 1982, PLANTA MED, V45, P57 SWINYARD EA, 1973, INT ENCY PHARM THERA, V1, P47 SWINYARD EA, 1985, FED PROC, V44, P2629 SWINYARD EA, 1989, ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS, P85 VAZQUEZ GJA, 1990, TAXONOMY GENUS MAGNO, P1 WATANABE K, 1983, PLANTA MED, V49, P103 YANG MH, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P390 NR 18 TC 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZW201 UT ISI:000074385800007 ER PT J AU Navarro, V Rojas, G Delgado, G Lozoya, X TI Antimicrobial compounds detected in Bocconia arborea extracts by a direct bioautographic method SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioautographic method; antimicrobial extracts; medicinal plant; Bocconia arborea AB Background: Among the numerous in vitro methods for studying the antimicrobial activity of plant drugs, bioautography has found widespread applications, especially for the detection of new compounds in complex plant extracts, Methods: This paper describes the results obtained during the application of the bioautographic method to detect antimicrobial compounds in a chloroformic extract of leaves and stems of Bocconia arborea, a plant used profusely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases, Results and Conclusions: The method allows for the detection of spots of growth inhibition of cultures directly in the extract thin layer chromatographic plate previously dispersed with a broth culture containing the microorganisms, The procedure also allowed for the detection of the presence of several products in the B. arborea extract with considerable activity against five different microorganisms. Additionally, the method allowed the determination that the antimicrobial activity is due to compounds of probable alkaloid origin. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Unidad Invest Enfermedades Neurol, Lab Plantas Med, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Navarro, V, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Microbiol Lab, Argentina 1, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P156 ALONSO PE, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V45, P67 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, P919 BEGUE WJ, 1972, J CHROMATOGR, V64, P182 BETINA A, 1973, J CHROMATOGR, V78, P41 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1965, CAN J CHEM, V43, P679 HAMBURGER MO, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P19 LOZOYA X, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P87 LOZOYA X, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P127 MACLEAN DB, 1969, CAN J CHEM, V47, P1951 MANSKE RHF, 1943, CAN J RES, V21, P140 NAVARRO V, 1996, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V53, P143 RIOS JL, 1986, FITOTERAPIA, V57, P153 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 VILLARREAL ML, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V42, P25 NR 15 TC 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0188-0128 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD SUM PY 1998 VL 29 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA ZX282 UT ISI:000074499700015 ER PT J AU Popoca, J Aguilar, A Alonso, D Villarreal, ML TI Cytotoxic activity of selected plants used as antitumorals in Mexican traditional medicine SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antitumor; cytotoxic; folk medicine; medicinal plants AB Crude extracts from nine plants widely used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer have been subjected to a bioscreening study to detect cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. Three different extracts (petroleum ether, ethylacetate, and methanol) from each plant species, were tested towards KB, HCT-15 COLAD-CAR and UISO-SQC-1 cell cultures. The results showed that three plants Colubrina macrocarpa (Cav.) Don (Rhamnaceae), Acacia pennatula (Schltdl. and Cham.) Benth (Leguminosae) and Hemiangium excelsum (HBK.) Smith (Hippocrateaceae), exhibited important cytotoxic activity showing a certain degree of selectivity against the tested cells in culture. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 IMSS Argentina 1, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Herbario IMSSM, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Villarreal, ML, IMSS Argentina 1, Ctr Invest Biomed Sur, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico. CR BERLIN EA, 1996, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG BERLIN EA, 1996, NAKED SCI, P43 DIAZ JL, 1976, USOS PLANTAS MED MEX, V1 DIAZ JL, 1976, USOS PLANTAS MED MEX, V2 HERNANDEZ M, 1981, PLANTAS MED DOSIFICA JUSCAFRESA B, 1975, ENCICLOPEDIA ILUSTRA LOZOYA X, 1996, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG, P84 MARTINEZ M, 1979, CATALOGO NOMBRES VUL MATA R, 1990, J NAT PRODUCTS, V53, P1212 MUNOZ L, 1987, PLANTAS MED AROMATIC OYAMA I, 1956, P SOC EXP MED, V88, P305 PAHLOW M, 1979, GRAN PLANTAS MED PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P83 SUFFNESS M, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P71 VILLARREAL ML, 1992, FITOTERAPIA 63, V6, P518 ZUMO H, 1973, MANUAL FRUGIVORO FIT NR 16 TC 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YY164 UT ISI:000072119700008 ER PT J AU Vega-Carrillo, HR Iskander, FY Manzanares-Acuna, E TI Elemental distribution in medicinal plants commonly used in folklore medicine in Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trace elements; neutron activation analysis; folklore medicine; medicinal plants; Mexico ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; TOXIC ELEMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The concentration of twenty two elements in thirty plants had been determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis. These plants are commonly used, in Mexico, for medicinal purpose to treat different illnesses, conditions or discomfort (e.,g., sterility, digestive problems, weakens, anxiety, depression, hair loss, cough,..etc.). Except for Br, the concentration of the other elements measured are;similar to those found in agriculture products of similar use. Eleven elements in all samples investigated showed similar elemental distribution pattern. C1 Univ Texas, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Fac Ingn, Zacatecas 98000, Zac, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Ctr Reg Estudios Nucl, Zacatecas 98000, Zac, Mexico. RP Iskander, FY, Univ Texas, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CR *WHO, 1972, WHO TECHN REP SER, V502 AHMAD S, 1979, J RADIOANAL CHEM, V54, P331 AHMAD S, 1983, J RADIOANAL CHEM, V78, P375 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2 ARGUETAVILLAMAR A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V3 CROSS JD, 1978, RADIOCHEM RADIOA LET, V35, P281 HOLDEN AW, 1964, 137 IAEA KANIAS GD, 1993, J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR, V169, P483 KMET J, 1970, IAEA TECHNICAL REPOR, V122 LENIHAN JMA, 1996, C INT BIOL SACL MASIRONI R, 1970, 122 IAEA OCHIA EE, 1977, BIOINORGANIC CHEM QURESHI IH, 1991, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V43, P25 SELYE A, 1958, CHEM PREVENTION CARD TANNER JT, 1977, J RADIOANAL CHEM, V37, P529 ZAIDI JH, 1991, INT J ENVIRON AN CH, V48, P33 NR 17 TC 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON ANAL CHEM JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 PG 11 SC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences GA YY689 UT ISI:000072173800002 ER PT J AU Calzada, F Alanis, AD Meckes, M Tapia-Contreras, A Cedillo-Rivera, R TI In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to some medicinal plants used by the people of Southern Mexico SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antiprotozoal activity; medicinal plants; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia lamblia; kaempferol; quercetin; Cuphea pinetorum ID FLAVONOIDS AB The antiprotozoal properties of six medicinal plants, used by the people of Southern Mexico to treat diarrhoea, were evaluated in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites, the most active being the methanol extracts of Rubus coriifolius, Cuphea pinetorum and Helianthemum glomeratum. Further activity guided fractionation of Cuphea pinetorum roots extract led to the isolation of kaempferol and quercetin as the active principles. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Enfermedades Infecciosas & Para, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. RP Calzada, F, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21, Hosp Pediat, Unidad Invest Med Farmacol Prod Nat, 2 Piso,Avenida Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico. CR BERLIN B, 1995, MED ETHNOBIOLOGY HIG BERLIN B, 1996, ANTHR INQUIRY BOUNDA CALZADA F, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P351 CALZADA F, 1997, IN PRESS INT J PHARM CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P240 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P59 CEDILLORIVERA R, 1992, J MED MICROBIOL, V37, P221 CHAVEZ B, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P63 MARKHAM KR, 1978, TETRAHEDRON, V34, P1389 MECKES M, 1995, PHYTOTHER RES, V9, P244 MECKES M, 1997, PHYTOTHER RES, V11, P128 TORTORIELLO J, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P1 NR 12 TC 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YX735 UT ISI:000072072000021 ER PT J AU Ibarra-Manriquez, G Ricker, M Angeles, G Colin, SS Colin, MAS TI Useful plants of the Los Tuxtlas rain forest (Veracruz, Mexico): Considerations of their market potential SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Los Tuxtlas; market potential; Mexico; non-timber forest products; timber; tropical rain forest; useful plants; Veracruz ID ECONOMIC VALUE; CHECKLIST; STATION AB The 640 hectare large Los Tuxtlas rain forest reserve was analyzed for the commercial potential of its 860 native flowering plant species. Excluding plants with medicinal or chemical use, 91 species (10.6%) are found in the market, and we consider an additional 72 species (8.4%) to have market potential. For each of the 163 species, the following information is given: scientific and common name, geographic distribution, growth form, use, and market status. Of the 163 species, 2.4% are endemic to the Los Tuxtlas region, 10.4% are restricted to Mexico, 42.3% extend further into Central America, and 39.3% occur also in South America, while 20.2% are found in the West Indies. The majority of species (68.7%) are trees. In terms of use categories, 35.0% are employed for their timber, 32.5% for their fuelwood, 24.5% for ornamental purposes, 22.7% for their edible fruits, leaves or flowers, 11.0% for plywood or paper, 6.1% for artwork and weaving, and 1.2% as fodder plants. The more than 160 marketable species would make it possible to develop species-diverse forests of high commercial value, as an alternative to current land use, which consists in converting forest into cattle pastures. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Estac Biol Trop Los Tuxtlas, San Andres Tuxtla 95700, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Ibarra-Manriquez, G, Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Recursos Nat, Apartado Postal 70275, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. CR *CTR EST EST MUN, 1988, MUN VER SECR GOB GOB *INEGI, 1992, AN EST EST VER ED 19 *U OXF DEP PLANT S, 1995, PROSPECT COMP DAT TI AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC BALICK MJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P128 BARAJASMORALES J, IN PRESS ANATOMI MAD BARCENAS P, 1995, MADERA BOSQUES, V1, P9 BARRERABASSOLS N, 1993, DESARROLLO MEDIO AMB, P35 BONGERS F, 1988, VEGETATIO, V74, P55 CABALLERO J, 1978, BIOTICA, V3, P103 CHAVELAS P, 1985, 10 SARH CHUDNOFF M, 1980, TROPICAL TIMBERS WOR DARCY WG, 1987, FLORA PANAMA CHECKLI DELCASTILLO CA, 1977, BIOTICA, V2, P3 DIAZ G, 1986, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V60, P127 DIRZO R, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P84 ECHENIQUEMANRIQ.R, 1970, DESCRIPCION CARACTER ECHENIQUEMANRIQ.R, 1975, ESTUDIO BOT ECOLOGIC ECHENIQUEMANRIQ.R, 1990, TROPICAL FORESTRY PA, V20 GENTRY AH, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P156 GENTRY AH, 1992, OIKOS, V63, P19 GISPEFRT C, 1986, BIOTICA, V11, P113 GONZALEZ L, 1978, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V3, P48 GREAVES A, 1990, TROPICAL FORESTRY PA, V22 GRIMES A, 1994, AMBIO, V23, P405 HERRERA S, 1980, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V5, P32 HIOLDRIDGE L, 1967, LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY HODEL DR, 1992, CHAMAEDOREA PALMS SP HOYOS F, 1989, SOC CIENCIAS NATURAL, V36 IBARRAMANRIQUEZ G, 1995, REV BIOL TROP, V43, P75 IBARRAMANRIQUEZ G, 1996, REV BIOL TROP, V44, P41 IBARRAMANRIQUEZ G, 1996, REV BIOL TROP, V44, P427 IBARRAMANRIQUEZ G, 1997, HIST NATURAL TUXTLAS, P61 IBARRAMANRIQUEZ GH, 1987, LISTA FLORISTICA EST KOTLER P, 1994, MARKETING MANAGEMENT MABBERLEY DJ, 1989, PLANT BOOK PORTABLE MARTINDELPOZZO AL, 1997, HIST NATURAL TUXTLAS, P25 MARTINEZ AMA, 1995, CUADERNOS, V27 MENDELSOHN R, 1995, ECON BOT, V49, P223 MORTON JF, 1987, FRUITS WR CLIMATES PENNINGTON TO, 1968, MANUAL IDENTIFICACIO PENNINGTON TO, 1981, FLORA NEOTROPICA MON, V28 PETERS CM, 1987, ECON BOT, V41, P423 PETERS CM, 1989, NATURE, V339, P655 RICHARDS PW, 1952, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST RICKER M, IN PRESS BOT EC BOSQ RICKER M, THESIS YALE U NEW HA RICKER M, 1997, ECON BOT, V51, P39 RICO B, 1976, INV REGENERACION SEL, P112 ROBLES G, 1978, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V3, P32 SOTO EM, 1976, INV REGENERACION SEL, P70 SOTO EM, 1997, HIST NATURAL TUXTLAS, P7 STANDLEY PC, 1946, BOTANY, V24 VERHAEIJ EWM, 1991, PLANT RESOURCES SE A WOODSON RE, 1943, FLORA PANAMA PUBLISI ZAMORA M, 1985, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V10, P16 ZAVALA Z, 1978, CIENCIA FORESTAL, V3, P3 NR 57 TC 9 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 362 EP 376 PG 15 SC Plant Sciences GA YQ476 UT ISI:000071391600003 ER PT J AU Zavala, MA Perez, S Perez, RM TI Antimicrobial screening of some medicinal plants SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; plants; S-aureus; E-coli; P-vulgaris; S-lutea; C-albicans AB Plants were collected from several states of Mexico rand dried in the shade, ground and extracted with water, methanol or chloroform. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against E. coli, S. aureus, S. lutea, P. vulgaris and C. albicans using the agar diffusion technique. A methanol extract of E. polistachia showed antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms used in this study to doses in the order of 400 mu g. (C) 1997 by John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 IPN,ESCUELA SUPER INGN QUIM & IND EXTRACTIVAS,MEXICO CITY 07050,DF,MEXICO. RP Zavala, MA, UNIV AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA XOCHIMILCO,DEPT SISTEMAS BIOL,AP 23-181,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CR DINDA B, 1986, J INDIAN CHEM SOC, V63, P936 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1978, REV LATINOAMER QUIM, V9, P209 GOODMAN GA, 1991, BASES FARMACOLOGICAS, P991 HERRERA A, 1867, GACETA MED, V3, P329 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO RIOJAS ERH, 1994, USO POPULAR PLANTAS RONALD MA, 1990, MICROBIOLOGIA, P505 SIDNEY MF, 1978, BAILEY SCOTTS DIAGNO, P385 ZAVALA SMA, 1994, REV NAC CIEN FARM, V25, P13 ZINHENER H, 1972, BIOL ANTIBIOTICS, P8 NR 10 TC 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP817 UT ISI:A1997XP81700006 ER PT J AU BorgesArgaez, R MedinaBaizabal, L MayPat, F PenaRodriguez, LM TI A new ent-kaurane from the root extract of Chiococca alba SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; Chiococca alba; Rubiaceae; kaurane; diterpene; antimicrobial ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DITERPENES; BARK AB A bioassay-guided purification of the methanolic crude extract obtained from the roots of Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. resulted in the isolation of a new, bioactive, metabolite identified as ent-17-hydroxy 16 alpha-kauran-3-one (1). Elucidation of the new structure was based on analyses of the results obtained from various spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, H-1 NMR, and C-13 NMR) and chemical transformations. The stereochemistry at C16 was assigned by comparing both the proton and carbon chemical shifts of C17 with those reported in the literature. The new kaurane showed weak antimicrobial activity when tested against Staphylococcus aureus. C1 CTR INVEST CIENT YUCATAN AC,DEPT QUIM ORGAN,MERIDA 97310,YUCATAN,MEXICO. CR 1977, ENCICLOPEDIA YUCATAN, V1, P487 1984, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V2, P1082 1990, NEW ENCY BRITANNICA, V10, P226 ABDELHAFIZ MA, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P2029 BHATTACHARYYA J, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P2546 CALDERON CA, 1989, THESIS UNAM FACULTAD CLARK AM, 1989, WORKSH SIMPL BIOASS COREY EJ, 1975, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V31, P2647 CROZIER A, 1983, BIOCH PHYSL GIBBEREL, V1, P76 DELAMO RS, 1982, BIOTICA, V7, P293 DING YL, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P2413 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1973, METODOS INVESTIGACIO, P39 ELABBADI N, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P603 ETSE JT, 1987, J NAT PROD, V50, P979 FATOPE MO, 1996, J NAT PROD, V59, P301 GUSTAFSON KR, 1991, TETRAHEDRON, V47, P4547 HANSON JR, 1976, J CHEM SOC P1, P114 INOUYE H, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P2591 MARTINEZ M, 1979, CATALOGO NOMBRES VUL, P148 MENDIETA RM, 1981, PLANTAS MED ESTADO Y, P98 NAKANISHI K, 1974, NATURAL PRODUCTS CHE, V1, P112 NAKANISHI K, 1974, NATURAL PRODUCTS CHE, V3, P327 SANKARA S, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P2125 STILL WC, 1978, J ORG CHEM, V43, P2923 SUN HD, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V40, P1461 TREASE GE, 1989, TRATADO FARMACOGNOSI, P9 WU YC, 1996, J NAT PROD, V59, P635 NR 27 TC 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 6 BP 801 EP 804 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA XL704 UT ISI:A1997XL70400027 ER PT J AU Haraguchi, H Ishikawa, H Sanchez, Y Ogura, T Kubo, Y Kubo, I TI Antioxidative constituents in Heterotheca inuloides SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUB-MITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES; NONENZYMATIC LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RESPIRATORY-CHAIN; FREE-RADICALS; HUMAN-DISEASE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; SUPEROXIDE ANIONS; FLAVONOIDS; DAMAGE AB Sesquiterpenoids, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin and 7-hydroxycadalin, and flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides, isolated from Heterotheca inuloides (Asteraceae), a Mexican medicinal plant known as ''arnica'', were evaluated as antioxidants. These compounds showed potent scavenging activity on diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH was inhibited by both terpenoids and flavonoids, though only flavonoids possessed superoxide anion scavenging activity in microsome. Flavonoids also scavenged enzymatically and non-enzymatically generated superoxide anion. On the other hand, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADH was inhibited only by sesquiterpenoids. Furthermore, these terpenes protected mitochondrial enzyme activity against oxidative stress. These results showed that two types of antioxidants existed in the dried flower of H. inuloides and would contribute to protection of tissues against various oxidative stresses. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA GUADALAJARA,DEPT QUIM,GUADALAJARA,JALISCO,MEXICO. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Haraguchi, H, FUKUYAMA UNIV,FAC ENGN,GAKUEN CHO,FUKUYAMA,HIROSHIMA 72902,JAPAN. CR BLOIS MS, 1958, NATURE, V181, P1199 BUEGE JA, 1978, METHOD ENZYMOL, V52, P302 CADENAS E, 1995, OXIDATIVE STRESS ANT, P1 CHEN Y, 1995, OXIDATIVE STRESS ANT, P62 CHOLBI MR, 1991, EXPERIENTIA, V47, P195 CUVELIER ME, 1992, BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH, V56, P324 FANG X, 1993, FOOD RES INT, V26, P405 FORMAN HJ, 1982, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V5, P65 GAY KF, 1992, LIPID SOLUBLE ANTIOX, P442 HALL ED, 1988, OXYGEN RADICALS TISS, P92 HALLIWELL B, 1990, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V280, P1 HALLIWELL B, 1990, METHOD ENZYMOL, V186, P1 HALLIWELL B, 1992, J LAB CLIN MED, V119, P598 HALLIWELL B, 1992, MOL BIOL FREE RADICA, V9, P47 HARAGUCHI H, 1992, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V40, P1349 HARAGUCHI H, 1996, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V48, P441 HIRAMATSU M, 1992, LIPID SOLUBLE ANTIOX, P535 HOWARD JA, 1967, CAN J CHEM, V45, P793 ITO N, 1983, J NATL CANCER I, V70, P343 JOHNSON D, 1967, METHOD ENZYMOL, V10, P94 KUBO I, 1994, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V4, P1443 KUBO I, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P218 KUTHAN H, 1982, BIOCHEM J, V203, P551 LARSON RA, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P969 LEWIS NG, 1993, ANTIOXIDANTS HIGHER, P135 LIU GT, 1992, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V43, P147 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MATINEZ M, 1984, CATALOGO NOMBRES VUL, P145 MAYUMI T, 1993, FREE RADICALS BASIC, P438 MENON VP, 1992, LIPID SOLUBLE ANTIOX, P457 MORA A, 1990, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V40, P793 NAMIKI M, 1990, CRIT REV FOOD SCI, V29, P273 NARABAYASHI H, 1982, BIOCHEM J, V202, P97 NIKI E, 1987, CHEM PHYS LIPIDS, V44, P227 NISHIDA T, 1987, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V890, P82 NOHL H, 1986, FREE RADICALS AGING, P77 OHNISHI M, 1994, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V36, P579 OKUDA T, 1993, ACTIVE OXYGENS LIPID, P333 PEDERSON TC, 1973, J BIOL CHEM, V248, P7134 PORTER NA, 1985, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPEC, P55 RATTY AK, 1988, BIOCHEM MED METAB B, V39, P69 ROBAK J, 1988, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V37, P837 RODERS MK, 1978, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V27, P437 SCHULER P, 1990, FOOD ANTIOXIDANTS, P99 SLATER TF, 1984, BIOCHEM J, V222, P1 SMITH MT, 1985, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPEC, P157 SOUTHORN PA, 1988, MAYO CLIN P, V63, P390 TAKAYANAGI R, 1980, BIOCHEM J, V192, P853 TAKESHIGE K, 1979, BIOCHEM J, V180, P129 TODA S, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P8 ULRICH JT, 1972, J BACTERIOL, V110, P628 VEITCH K, 1992, BIOCHEM J, V281, P709 WENG XC, 1992, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V40, P1331 WISWEDEL I, 1989, BIOMED BIOCHIM ACTA, V2, P73 WITTING LA, 1980, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V4, P295 NR 55 TC 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 5 IS 5 BP 865 EP 871 PG 7 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic GA XE718 UT ISI:A1997XE71800009 ER PT J AU HernandezRobles, C ErdmannBlass, U Erdmann, W TI Migraine: Prospectives for permanent relief (Maya medicine and modern drugs, a symbiotic combination) SO PAIN CLINIC LA English DT Article DE migraine; trigeminous neuralgia; permanent migraine treatment; Trigeminol(R); EEG and migraine ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; CLASSIC MIGRAINE; SUMATRIPTAN; HEADACHE AB Migraine is an illness with hereditary characteristics that frequently involves immediate parents, grandparents and also children. So far, emphasis has been put on physiologically measurable disturbances of cerebral microperfusion with dilated large vessels and obvious shunt phenomena through larger intracranial and extracranial arteries. As such, treatment has concentrated on the tissue perfusion disorder and the symptomatic pain, this without a long-lasting effect beyond the treated critical phase of pain. Trigeminous neuralgia and migraine seem to belong to the same complex of pain appearance defining migraine as a neuralgic syndrome of all trigeminal branches at the same time (Hernandez-Robles, 1994). Recently, more attention has been put onto the neurophysiological symptomatology. The characteristic EEG changes of migraine patients are also seen in the non-critical (attack-free) phase, leading to the conclusion of a basic neurophysiological disorder or impairment with changes of reaction time of migrainers e.g. (Zoppi ct al., 1996). Furthermore, Hernandez-Robles implies that the nervous system defect (probably demyelinisation) renders a highly irritable system involving only secondary vascular innervation. To achieve long-lasting relief from migraine suggests that the basic disorders are treated simultaneously and aim at a final remyelinisation of nerval membranes. Treatment with Trigeminol(R), a drug combination of e.g. vitamin B-complex and plant extracts known from ancient Maya medicine (CHR-institute, Cancun), has a claimed success ratio of nearly 100 per cent long-lasting effects. Extensive patient documentation of 190 patients in the pre- and post-treatment period have been evaluated and revealed 96 per cent long-lasting and full relief (4 months observation) from migraine attacks. With the view on new treatment approaches based on a promising success ratio, new hypothetical neurophysiological concepts of the basic disorder in migrainers should be given serious consideration and evaluation. C1 CHR INST,CANCUN,QUINTANA ROO,MEXICO. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,DEPT ANAESTHESIOL,NL-3000 DR ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. CR BLAU JN, 1992, LANCET, V339, P1202 BRAIN SD, 1985, NATURE, V313, P54 DENBOER MO, 1991, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V102, P323 DENBOER MO, 1993, J APPL PHYSIOL, V75, P782 GRAHAM JR, 1938, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V39, P737 HERNANDEZROBLES C, 1994, 578431 HEYCK H, 1969, RES CLIN STUD HEADAC, V2, P1 LANCE JW, 1983, HEADACHE, V23, P258 LAURITZEN M, 1994, BRAIN, V117, P199 MOSKOWITZ MA, 1992, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V13, P307 OLESEN J, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V9, P344 OLESEN J, 1988, CEPHALALGIA S7, V8, P1 OLESEN J, 1991, PAIN, V46, P125 OLSEN TS, 1989, HEADACHE, V29, P15 SCHOENEN J, 1992, FUNCT NEUROL, V7, P191 SCHOENEN J, 1994, TXB PAIN, P495 SPIERINGS ELH, 1988, HEADACHE, V28, P655 STAFFA JA, 1994, REV CONTEMP PHARMACO, V5, P241 SUZUKI N, 1989, NEUROSCIENCE, V31, P427 UDDMAN R, 1986, REGUL PEPTIDES, V15, P1 VANGELDEREN EM, 1994, CAN J PHYSL PHARM, V72, P409 VANGELDEREN EM, 1996, THESIS ERASMUS U ROT WELCH KMA, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P323 ZOPPI M, 1996, PAIN CLINIC, V9, P381 NR 24 TC 1 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1112 J9 PAIN CLINIC JI Pain Clin. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 SC Anesthesiology; Medicine, General & Internal; Neurosciences GA XE703 UT ISI:A1996XE70300005 ER PT J AU Enriquez, RG Barajas, J Ortiz, B Lough, AJ Reynolds, WF Yu, M Leon, I Gnecco, D TI Comparison of crystal and solution structures and H-1 and C-13 chemical shifts for grandiflorenic acid, kaurenoic acid, and monoginoic acid SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE monoginoic acid; kaurodienoic acid; kaurenoic acid ID CORRELATION NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR; MEDICINAL PLANT; ZOAPATLE; SPECTRA AB The crystal structure of monoginoic acid, 3, is determined acid compared with previously reported structures of kauradienoic acid, 1, acid kaurenoic acid, 2. H-1 and C-13 chemical shifts are assigned for all three diterpenes and solution and crystal structure conformations are confirmed with the aid of solution NOE measurements. The overall shapes of 2 and 3 are very similar while 1 is significantly dissimilar. These differences may be partially responsible for the reported greater in vitro uterotropic activity of 1, relative to 2 and 3. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT CHEM,TORONTO,ON M5S 3H6,CANADA. UNIV AUTONOMA ESTADO MORELOS,FAC CIENCIAS,CUERNAVACA 62210,MORELOS,MEXICO. UNIV AUTONOMA PUEBLA,INST CIENCIAS,CTR QUIM,PUEBLA,MEXICO. RP Enriquez, RG, NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST QUIM,CIRCUITO EXTERIOR,CIUDAD UNIV,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR BAX A, 1981, J MAGN RESON, V42, P501 BAX A, 1981, J MAGN RESON, V44, P542 BAX A, 1983, J MAGN RESON, V53, P517 BAX A, 1986, J AM CHEM SOC, V108, P2093 BAX A, 1986, J MAGN RESON, V67, P565 BRASSY C, 1988, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V44, P528 BRIESKORN CH, 1969, CHEM BER, V102, P2621 CABALLERO Y, 1970, B I QUIM U NAC AUTON, V22, P103 CANNON JR, 1966, AUST J CHEM, V19, P861 DONG X, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P185 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1983, J CHROMATOGR, V258, P297 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1996, PLANTA MED, V62, P569 FONG HHS, 1987, P INT S TRAD MED MOD, P100 GALLEGOS AJ, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P211 GALLEGOS AJ, 1985, 4491593, US GALLEGOS AJ, 1985, CONTRACEPTION, V31, P487 LOZOYA X, 1983, CONTRACEPTION, V27, P267 LU ZZ, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P996 PAGE JE, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P3437 REYNOLDS WF, 1984, CAN J CHEM, V62, P2421 REYNOLDS WF, 1989, MAGN RESON CHEM, V27, P162 REYNOLDS WF, 1991, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V47, P973 SHELDRICK G, 1990, SHELXTL PC SIEMENS A NR 23 TC 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 342 EP 347 PG 6 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA XD813 UT ISI:A1997XD81300012 ER PT J AU HerschMartinez, P TI Medicinal plants and regional traders in Mexico: Physiographic differences and conservational challenge SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; commerce; biodiversity; ecology; Mexico AB A dynamic exchange of wild medicinal plants between different physiographic areas in Mexico is documented through the study of two regional trade warehouses. These warehouses receive medicinal species from their own botanical environments (31%) but also from other remote places of gathering (69%). A list of medicinal plants from external sources at these warehouses is presented, including their zones of origin and uses as reported by traders. Ecological diversity allows the configuration of a commercial network between regional traders; market produce varies according to the physiographic zones involved. Regional warehouses and traders are the basic units in this network and link diverse economies, natural environments and cultures. Within this setting, according to merchants' testimony, the access to some wild, external species is progressively hampered, as it is the case of Valeriana edulis or Smilax aristolochiaefolia, as a result of increased national and foreign demand. RP HerschMartinez, P, INST NACL ANTROPOL & HIST,CTR INAH MORELOS,PROGRAMA ANTROPOL MED & ETNOBOT,MATAMOROS 14,CUERNAVACA 62440,MORELOS,MEXICO. CR AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC BYE RA, 1983, J ETHNOBIOL, V3, P1 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1993, 1 UNESCO DIV EC SCI CUNNINGHAM AB, 1994, P 13 PLEN M AETFAT M, V1, P173 DELCAMPO I, 1993, RELACION ESPECIES AM GANDARA G, 1930, SALUBRIDAD, V2, P223 GARCIA CM, 1991, SERIE FARMACIA, V4 GARCIA M, 1965, MANUAL FITOTERAPIA E HEINRICH M, 1992, DTSCH APOTHEKER ZEIT, V132, P351 HERSCHMARTINEZ P, 1995, ECON BOT, V49, P197 LORENZ M, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P689 LORENZ M, 1990, THESIS TU MUNCHEN LOZOYA S, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MIRANDA F, 1942, ANALES I BIOL MEXICO, V13, P417 MONARDES N, 1990, PRIMERA SEGUNDA TERC NEMETH EZ, 1990, NEWSLETTER, V90, P52 NICHOLSON MS, 1993, ECON BOT, V47, P184 NUNEZ JCS, 1987, THESIS U NAC AUTONOM RZEDOWSKI J, 1978, VEGETACION MEXICO RZEDOWSKI J, 1979, FLORA FANEROGAMICA V RZEDOWSKI J, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V14, P3 VOVIDES AP, 1981, BIOTICA, V6, P218 XOLOCOTZI EH, 1983, REV GEOGRAFIA AGRICO, V4, P13 NR 25 TC 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 PG 14 SC Plant Sciences GA XC558 UT ISI:A1997XC55800002 ER PT J AU Meckes, M Torres, J Calzada, F Rivera, J Camorlinga, M Lemus, H Rodriguez, G TI Antibacterial properties of Helianthemum glomeratum, a plant used in Maya traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Helianthemum glomeratum; medicinal plant; polyphenolics; antibacterial activity; diarrhoea; dysentery AB Ethnobotanical studies indicate that Helianthemum glomeratum is a plant widely used in Maya communities to treat diarrhoeas. A possible mechanism to counteract infectious diarrhoea would be by inhibiting the growth of the enteropathogen causing the disease. The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of H. glomeratum against bacterial enteropathogens isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea or dysentery. A methanol extract obtained from the leaves and stems was highly active against Shigella spp and Vibrio cholerae; activity against Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli isolates was also present. Acetone/water extract from the roots was also highly active against Shigella and Vibrio isolates. Further chemical fractionation indicated that antibacterial activity was associated with the polyphenolic fraction. Shigella spp causes severe dysentery in children and Vibrio cholerae causes severe watery diarrhoea. Antidiarrhoeal activity of H. glomeratum may be due, at least in part, to the antimicrobial activity of polyphenolics against bacterial enteropathogens commonly associated with the disease. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 CTR MED NACL SIGLO XXI,IMSS,HOSP PEDIAT,UNIDAD INVEST MED ENFERMEDADES INFECC & PARASITAR,MEXICO CITY 06720,DF,MEXICO. CTR INVEST ECOL SURESTE,PROCOMITH,SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CAS,CHIAPAS,MEXICO. RP Meckes, M, CTR MED NACL SIGLO XXI,IMSS,HOSP PEDIAT,UNIDAD INVEST MED & FARMACOL PROD NAT,MEXICO CITY 06720,DF,MEXICO. CR *WHO, 1990, RATIONALE USE DRUGS CALZADA F, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V34, P1 CAPASSO A, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V34, P279 CORDELL GA, 1993, STUDIES NATURAL PROD, V13, P629 GOTUZZO E, 1994, INFECT DIS CLIN N AM, V8, P183 HEMINGWAY RW, 1992, BASIC LIFE SCI, V59, P385 HENRY FJ, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S4, V13, P238 LENNETTE EH, 1985, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO MECKES M, 1995, PHYTOTHER RES, V9, P244 MEGLI R, 1990, PHYTOTHER RES, V4, P201 OKUDA T, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P117 OKUDA T, 1991, EC MED PLANT RES, V5, P160 SALAM MA, 1991, REV INFECT DIS S4, V13, P332 TORRES J, 1995, ARCH MED RES, V26, P23 TORTORIELLO J, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P1 VALDESPINOGOMEZ JL, 1994, REV LAT AM MICROBIOL, V36, P307 NR 16 TC 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WT258 UT ISI:A1997WT25800008 ER PT J AU Chung, MS Kim, NC Long, L Shamon, L Ahmad, WY SagreroNieves, L Kardono, LBS Kennelly, EJ Pezzuto, JM Soejarto, DD Kinghorn, AD TI Dereplication of saccharide and polyol constituents of candidate sweet-tasting plants: Isolation of the sesquiterpene glycoside mukurozioside IIb as a sweet principle of Sapindus rarak SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE natural sweeteners; sugars; polyols; dereplication; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; Dialium indum; Drypetes floribunda; Hymenaea oblongifolia var palustris; Imperata cylindrica; Manilkara zapota; Sapindus rarak; mukurozioside IIb; sesquiterpene glycoside; sweet-tasting compound ID MEDICINAL-PLANTS; IMPERATA-CYLINDRICA; ACHRAS-SAPOTA; INHIBITORY ACTIVITY; TISSUE-CULTURE; AGENTS; ORIGIN; PERICARPS; SAPONINS; OLIGOGLYCOSIDES AB In the search for new potently sweet compounds from plants, the rapid identification and quantification of free sugars and polyols in a crude plant extract is important for dereplication purposes, wherein compounds of known structure or biological activity are removed from further consideration, Accordingly, plants found to have high levels of free sugars and polyols are regarded as lower priority leads when screening for novel natural sweeteners, In the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to examine the sugar/polyol content of six sweet-tasting species, comprised of the pericarp of Dialium indum L. (Leguminosae), the stem of Drypetes floribunda Hutchinson (Euphorbiaceae), the fruit of Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber var, palustris (Ducke) Lee and Langenheim (Leguminosae), the rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauvois (Gramineae), the fruit of Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen (Sapotaceae), and the pericarp of Sapindus rarak DC, (Sapindaceae), The total yields of sugars/polyols in these plant parts were 1.9, 6.1, 7.8, 4.5, 10.8 and 2.9% w/w, respectively, Several uncommon polyols were identified, including bornesitol in D. floribunda and quebrachitol in S. rarak, It is likely that the sweet taste of the plants containing more than 5% of sugars/polyols is imparted as a result of the high free sugar and/or polyol content, Owing to its low level of free sugars, S. rarak pericarp was chosen for further study, and the known sesquiterpene glycoside mukurozioside IIb (1) was isolated in high yield (6.3% w/w) as a sweet-tasting constituent, Preliminary evaluations, comprised of mouse acute toxicity and bacterial mutagenesis determinations, indicated the safety of 1. The compound was subsequently rated by a human taste panel as having about the same sweetness potency as sucrose, (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL PHARM,PROGRAM COLLABORAT RES PHARMACEUT SCI,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL PHARM,DEPT MED CHEM & PHARMACOGNOSY,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA,DEPT CHEM,BANGUI 43600,SELANGOR DARUL,MALAYSIA. UNIV VERACRUZ,INST BASIC SCI,VERACRUZ 91000,MEXICO. INDONESIAN INST SCI,TANGERANG 15310,INDONESIA. CR AHMED R, 1983, PAKISTAN J SCI IND R, V26, P312 ARSECULERATNE SN, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P323 ATAL CK, 1978, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V16, P330 BAEK NI, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P1532 BHAKUNI DS, 1971, INDIAN J EXP BIOL 3, V9, P91 BINDER RG, 1984, CARBOHYD RES, V129, P21 CABALION P, 1980, FITOTERAPIA, V51, P89 CACERES A, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P233 CHOI YH, 1989, J NAT PRODUCTS, V52, P1118 COMPADRE CM, 1987, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V35, P273 CROAT TB, 1978, FLORA BARRO COLORADO, P450 DATTA MK, 1978, IND J ENTOMOL, V40, P142 DHAWAN BN, 1977, INDIAN J EXPT BIOL, V15, P208 DICARLO FJ, 1964, J RETICULOENDOTHELIA, V1, P224 EUSSEN JHH, 1981, Z PFLANZENPHYSIOL, V102, P263 FULLAS F, 1991, TETRAHEDRON, V47, P8515 GAUTAM SK, 1992, J FOOD SCI TECH MYS, V29, P53 GBEASSOR M, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V25, P115 GIRAL F, 1978, J CRUDE DRUG RES, V16, P143 GUPTA MP, 1979, Q J CRUDE DRUG RES, V17, P115 HAMBURGER M, 1992, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V3, P231 HOSOMI K, 1983, MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI, V29, P617 HOSOMI K, 1986, MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI, V32, P110 HUSSAIN RA, 1990, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V28, P103 JAIN SP, 1984, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V12, P213 KAMBU K, 1990, ANN PHARM FR, V48, P200 KANCHARAPEE P, 1967, SHOYAKUGAKU ZASSHI, V21, P65 KARNAJANAPEE P, 1966, DEP MED SCI, V8, P184 KASAI R, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P871 KEAY RWJ, 1960, NIGERIAN TREES, P283 KENNELLY EJ, 1995, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V43, P2602 KENNELLY EJ, 1996, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V41, P1381 KHALIL AI, 1979, IRAQI J SCI BAGHDAD, V20, P15 KHOO SF, 1973, TETRAHEDRON, V29, P3379 KINGHORN AD, 1993, BIOACTIVE NATURAL PR, P173 KINGHORN AD, 1995, J CHEM EDUC, V72, P676 KINGHORN AD, 1995, STUD NAT PROD CHEM, V15, P3 KONG YC, 1976, AM J CHINESE MED, V4, P105 LAO R, 1972, ARBOLES PERU, P41 LEE YT, 1975, U CALIFORNIA PUBLICA, V69, P1 LOPES MHC, 1971, AGRON MOCAMBICANA, V5, P107 LOSCHERT W, 1981, COLLINS GUIDE TROPIC MABBERLEY DJ, 1993, PLANT BOOK PORTABLE MACFOY CA, 1983, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V8, P215 MAHYAR UW, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P217 MARSAIOLI AJ, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P1882 MARTIN SS, 1974, BIOCH SYST ECOL, V2, P75 MATSUNAGA K, 1994, J NAT PRODUCTS, V57, P1183 MATSUNAGA K, 1994, J NAT PRODUCTS, V57, P1290 MATSUNAGA K, 1994, J NAT PRODUCTS, V57, P1734 MATSUNAGA K, 1995, J NAT PRODUCTS, V58, P138 NAKAYAMA K, 1986, CHEM PHARM BULL, V34, P2209 NAOVI SAH, 1991, FITOTERAPIA, V62, P221 NOOMRIO MH, 1992, SCI INT LAHORE, V4, P287 OHMOTO T, 1965, CHEM PHARM BULL, V13, P224 PANT P, 1977, INDIAN J CHEM B, V15, P911 PANTHONG A, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V18, P213 PEIRIS PS, 1977, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V16, P1821 PERVEZ H, 1982, J CHEM SOC PAKISTAN, V4, P27 PEZZUTO JM, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P2478 PLOUVIER V, 1949, CR HEBD ACAD SCI, V228, P1886 RAO DVR, 1992, IND J PLANT PHYSL, V35, P167 RIBEIRO A, 1995, INT J PHARMACOGN, V33, P177 ROUQUAYROL MZ, 1980, REV BRASILEIRA PESQU, V13, P135 SABNIS SD, 1983, IND J FOR, V6, P65 SAXENA HO, 1975, LLOYDIA, V38, P346 SCHWEIZER TF, 1981, CARBOHYD RES, V95, P61 SILLANS R, 1953, ANN PHARM FR, V11, P364 SINGH MP, 1979, ECON BOT, V33, P185 SWEELEY CC, 1966, ANAL CHEM, V38, P1549 VANDENBERG MA, 1984, ADV EC BOT ETHNOBOTA, P140 VANDERWEL H, 1987, FOOD REV INT, V3, P193 VELEZCOLON R, 1992, J AGR U PUERTO RICO, V76, P103 VERPOORTE R, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V21, P315 WEISS EA, 1979, ECON BOT, V33, P35 WINDHOLZ M, 1989, MERCK INDEX, P8858 WONG WH, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P2699 NR 77 TC 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 SC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical GA WP719 UT ISI:A1997WP71900001 ER PT J AU AlarconAguilar, FJ RomanRamos, R JimenezEstrada, M ReyesChilpa, R GonzalezParedes, B FloresSaenz, JL TI Effects of three Mexican medicinal plants (Asteraceae) on blood glucose levels in healthy mice and rabbits SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-diabetic plants; hypoglycemic plants; Senecio spp; Asteraceae; furoeremophylanes; benzoquinones ID DERIVATIVES; CACALOL AB The effects of Psacalium decompositum, Psacalium peltatum and Acourtia thurberi (Asteraceae) on blood glucose levels were investigated in fasting mice and temporally hyperglycemic rabbits. The root decoction of P. decompositum reduced the blood glucose of normal mice from 49.1 +/- 3.8 to 35.7 +/- 2.0 mg/dl after intraperitoneal administration (P less than or equal to 0.005) and significantly lowered the hyperglycemic peak (17.1%) in rabbits with temporal hyperglycemia. P. peltatum and A. thurberi decoctions also diminished fasting glycemia in mice and hyperglycemia in rabbits, but the effects were minor. A preliminary phytochemical study using thin layer chromatography showed that water decoctions of the three roots contained alkaloids and sugars. P. decompositum and P. peltatum showed the presence of maturine. However, other furoeremophylanes, such as cacalol and cacalone were only present in P. decompositum. A. thurberi root water decoction showed the presence of the benzoquinone perezone, and its derivative pipitzol. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST QUIM,MEXICO CITY 4510,DF,MEXICO. RP AlarconAguilar, FJ, UNIV AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA IZTAPALAPA,DEPT CIENCIAS SALUD,DIV CIENCIAS BIOL & SALUD,MEXICO CITY 09340,DF,MEXICO. CR *ADA POS STAT, 1989, DIABETES CARE, V12, P588 AGUILAR A, 1994, HERBARIO MED I MEXIC, P55 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1993, CIENCIA, V44, P363 BAILEY CJ, 1989, DIABETES CARE, V12, P553 BOHLMANN F, 1977, CHEM BER, V110, P474 BOHLMANN F, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P3163 BYE R, 1995, PHYTOCHEMISTRY MED P, P65 CORREA J, 1966, TETRAHEDRON, V22, P685 DEVIVAR AR, 1985, PRODUCTOS NATURALES, P69 HANIG J, 1991, CASARETT DOULLS TOXI, P451 JIMENEZESTRADA M, 1992, REV LATINOAMERICANA, V22, P14 JOSEPHNATHAN P, 1974, REV SOC QUIM MEX, V18, P226 KAPADIA G, 1990, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V2, P67 LOTINAHENNSEN B, 1991, Z NATURFORSCH C, V46, P777 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P656 MILLER SA, 1991, CASARETT DOULLS TOXI, P848 MOLITCH ME, 1989, POSTGRAD MED, V85, P182 PLAA G, 1991, CASARETT DOULLS TOXI, P345 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 ROMO J, 1964, TETRAHEDRON, V20, P2331 RZEDOWSKI J, 1985, FLORA FANEROGAMICA V, V2 WAGNER H, 1984, PLANT DRUG ANAL THIN, P320 WALLS F, 1965, B I QUIM U NAC AUTON, V17, P3 YUSTE F, 1976, J ORG CHEM, V41, P4103 NR 25 TC 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WM912 UT ISI:A1997WM91200002 ER PT J AU Villarreal, ML Rojas, G TI In vitro propagation of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret, a Mexican medicinal tree SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Mimosa tenuiflora; micropropagation; In vitro culture ID TEPESCOHUITE; CULTURE AB Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret (Leguminosae) was micropropagated through in vitro culture of axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Shoot formation was achieved when the media were supplemented with 0.1 mg.L(-1) IAA + 3 mg.L(-1) KN. In vitro rooting of regenerated shoots was achieved when 0.1 mg.L(-1) KN was combined with 1 mg.L(-1) IBA in the absence of IAA. Ninety-four percent of the rooted plants were succesfully adapted to field conditions and grown in the soil. A total of 180 trees grown under these conditions were obtained over a one-year period. RP Villarreal, ML, IMSS,CTR INVEST BIOMED SUR,ARGENTINA 1,XOCHITEPEC,MORELOS,MEXICO. CR ANTON R, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V38, P153 BHARAL S, 1979, Z PFLANZENPHYSIOL, V92, P443 FLICK CE, 1983, HDB PLANT CELL CULTU, V1, P13 GRETHER R, 1988, B SOC BOT MEX, V48, P151 JIANG YL, 1992, PHYTOTHER RES, V6, P310 MECKESLOZOYA M, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P163 MECKESLOZOYA M, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P171 MEIJER EGM, 1981, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V52, P280 PHILLIPS GC, 1979, CROP SCI, V19, P59 VILLARREAL ML, 1991, ARCH INVEST MED, V22, P163 VILLARREAL ML, 1993, BIOTECHNOL LETT, V15, P721 NR 11 TC 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences GA VW969 UT ISI:A1996VW96900018 ER PT J AU SalgadoGarciglia, R Elizarraraz, G MolinaTorres, J TI Acmella oppositifolia micropropagation by single-node culture SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Acmella oppositifolia; Compositae; medicinal plant; micropropagation AB Acmella oppositifolia plantlet formation was achieved by subculturing single-node explants on Murashige and Skoog medium without growth regulators. The explants from 1-month-old in vitro plantlets produced shoots over a 7-day culture period. From these in vitro cultured nodes readily rooted shoots elongated on auxin-free MS medium. Plants produced were easily acclimatized and subsequently flowered in a greenhouse. This species is of medicinal value in tropical America from Mexico to Colombia. C1 IPN,CINVESTAV,UNIDAD IRAPUATO,DEPT BIOTECNOL & BIOQUIM PLANTAS,IRAPUATO,GTO,MEXICO. RP SalgadoGarciglia, R, UNIV MICHOACANA SAN NICOLAS HIDALGO,INST INVEST QUIM BIOL,CUIDAD UNIV,EDIFICIO B-1,MORELIA 58030,MICHOACAN,MEXICO. CR BAUER R, 1988, ARZNEIM FORSCH DRUG, V38, P276 DENIGRINIS LEO, 1986, REV COLOMBIANA CIENC, V15, P37 FLORES HE, 1993, PLANT PHYSIOL, V101, P363 JOHNS T, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2737 MCVAUGH R, 1984, FLORA NOVO GALICIANA, V12, P861 MOLINATORRES J, 1996, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V24, P43 MUKUNDAN U, 1991, PLANT CELL REP, V9, P627 MURASHIGE T, 1962, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V15, P473 ROBERTS MF, 1988, MANIPULATING SECONDA, P201 SAITO K, 1992, J NAT PRODUCTS, V55, P149 NR 10 TC 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISSUE ORGAN CULT JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JUN PY 1996 VL 45 IS 3 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA VR873 UT ISI:A1996VR87300017 ER PT J AU Navarro, V Villarreal, ML Rojas, G Lozoya, X TI Antimicrobial evaluation of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicinal plants; antimicrobial assay; folk medicine; anti-infective plant extracts ID ESSENTIAL OILS AB Twelve methanolic plant extracts from botanical species used in traditional medicine in Morelos, Mexico to cure infectious diseases have been subjected to a screening study to detect potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of the products was evaluated using colonies growing in solid medium, establishing the minimal concentration required to inhibit their in vitro growth (MIG), The results showed that extracts from Eucalyptus globolus Labill, Punica granatum L., Artemisia mexicana Willd., and Bocconia arborea Watt. possess strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. C1 IMSS,CTR MED NACL SIGLO 21,UNIDAD INVEST ENFERMEDADES NEUROL,HOSP ESPECIALIDADES,MEXICO CITY 06725,DF,MEXICO. RP Navarro, V, INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,CTR INVEST BIOMED SUR,ARGENTINA 1,XOCHITEPEC 62790,MORELOS,MEXICO. CR ANTON R, 1988, PROGR CLIN BIOL RES, V280, P423 ARGUETA A, 1994, ATLAS PLANTAS MED TR, V1 AVILES FM, 1985, THESIS UAEM AVIRUTNANT W, 1983, J PHARM SCI, V10, P81 AYNECHI Y, 1982, ACTA PHARM SUEC, V19, P303 BAYTELMAN B, 1980, ETNOBOTANICA ESTADO BENOUDA A, 1988, FITOTERAPIA, V59, P115 CACERES A, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V20, P223 DELLACASSA E, 1989, FITOTERAPIA, V60, P544 DIAZ JL, 1977, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V2 DIMAYUGA RE, 1991, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V31, P181 GROSVENOR PW, 1995, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V45, P97 GUERIN JC, 1985, ANN PHARM FRANCAISES, V43, P77 JANSSEN AM, 1986, PHARM WEEKBLAD, V8, P289 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 MARTINEZ M, 1944, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MENGHINI A, 1987, PLANTES MED PHYTOTH, V21, P36 PANIZZI L, 1993, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V39, P167 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 ROSS SA, 1980, FITOTERAPIA, V51, P201 STICKLER DJ, 1992, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, P211 VAMPA G, 1988, PHYTOTHER RES, V22, P195 NR 22 TC 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 53 IS 3 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VH747 UT ISI:A1996VH74700002 ER PT J AU Tortoriello, J AguilarSantamaria, L TI Evaluation of the calcium-antagonist, antidiarrhoeic and central nervous system activities of Baccharis serraefolia SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baccharis serraefolia; ileum; experimental diarrhoea; convulsions; intestinal transit; calcium-antagonist ID PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA LEAF; LOPERAMIDE; INHIBITION; EXTRACTS; INVITRO; ILEUM; RATS AB Baccharis serraefolia is a widely used plant to treat diarrhoea in Mexican traditional medicine. Although the methanolic extract of this plant has shown an important dose-dependent spasmolytic activity, its underlying mechanism has not been studied. In the present work, the methanolic extract of B. serraefolia significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures induced by strychnine and pentylenetetrazol; besides, it diminished the death rate and number of animals that exhibited convulsions. It produced potentiation of the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital. Oral administration produced an inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in mice as effective as that produced by loperamide. As to the effect on smooth muscles, the active extract produced an inhibition of contraction induced electrically, which could not be reversed by naloxone. The calcium concentration-contraction curve showed a rightward displacement when the extract was added to isolated guinea pig ileum depolarized with high K+ and cumulative concentrations of Ca2+. The results suggest that the methanolic extract does not interact with classical opiate receptors and its effects, at least that produced on smooth muscle, may be due to a probable interference with calcium influx and/or calcium release from an intracellular store. RP Tortoriello, J, IMSS,CTR INVEST BIOMED SUR,DIV FARMACOL PLANTAS MED,ARGENTINA 1,XOCHITEPEC 62790,MORELOS,MEXICO. CR AGUILARSANTAMAR. L, 1996, IN PRESS PHYTOTHERAP BERLIN B, 1990, HERBOLARIA MED TZELT, P20 BEUBLER E, 1990, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V42, P689 BOHLMANN F, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P1511 ELISHA E, 1988, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V26, P221 KACHUR JF, 1986, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V239, P661 LEITE JR, 1982, PHARMACOLOGY, V24, P141 LOZOYA X, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P155 LUTTERODT GD, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V24, P219 LUTTERODT GD, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V25, P235 LUTTERODT GD, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V37, P151 MORENO JA, 1994, CYBERNET SYST, V25, P17 REYNOLDS IJ, 1984, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V231, P628 SAMUELSSON G, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH SOICKE H, 1987, PLANTA MED, V53, P37 STANEVASTOYTCHE.D, 1992, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V44, P321 TORTORIELLO J, 1995, PHYTOMEDICINE, V2, P57 NR 17 TC 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 53 IS 3 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VH747 UT ISI:A1996VH74700004 ER PT J AU Rojas, A Cruz, S Rauch, V Bye, R Linares, E Mata, R TI Spasmolytic potential of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Conyza filaginoides; Croton fragilis; Dodonaea viscosa; Gymnosperma glutinosum; Parthenium tomentosum; Poentilla thurberi; Pterogonum atrorubens; Zornia venosa; Datura lanosa; isolated rat ileum; spasmolytic effect; smooth muscle relaxation; antimicrobial effect ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DODONAEA-VISCOSA; FLAVONOIDS; ILEUM AB The present investigation describes the effect on the isolated rat ileum of methanolic extracts derived from Conyza filaginoides (D. C.) Hieron (Asteraceae), Croton fragilis HBK. (Euphorbiaceae), Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae), Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng) Less. (Asteraceae), Parthenium tomentosum DC. var. stramonium (Greene) Rollins (Asteraceae), Potentilla thurberi A. Gray (Rosaceae), Pterogonum atrorubens (Englem.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae), Zornia venosa Mohlenbr, (Fabaceae) and Datura lanosa Barclay ex Bye (Solanaceae). In all the cases the extracts inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the spontaneous contraction of the intestinal smooth muscle. The most active extract was that of D. viscosa. These findings tend to support the ethnomedical use of the selected species as spasmolytic agents in Mexican traditional medicine. Additionally, the potential antimicrobial activity of the extracts against pathogenic enterobacteria was investigated. Seven of the nine plants evaluated displayed antibacterial effects. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST BIOL,JARDIN BOT,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. UNIV AUTONOMA QUERETARO,FAC QUIM,QUERETARO 76010,MEXICO. UNIV AUTONOMA QUERETARO,FAC INGN,QUERETARO 76010,MEXICO. IPN,CINVESTAV,DEPT FARMACOL,SECC TERAPEUT EXPT,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. RP Rojas, A, UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,FAC QUIM,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR BYE R, 1991, AN I BIOL U MEX, V61, P21 CAPASSO A, 1991, PHYTOTHER RES, V5, P85 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1855 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1974, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V13, P1626 FANNING MJ, 1983, INT ARCH ALLER A IMM, V71, P371 HAVSTEEN B, 1983, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V32, P1141 HSU HY, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P2813 HUFFORD CD, 1975, J PHARM SCI, V64, P789 KUMAMOTO J, 1985, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V33, P650 MACANDER PJ, 1986, PLANT FLAVONOIDS BIO, P411 MALDONADO E, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P2981 MATA R, 1991, J NAT PRODUCTS, V54, P913 MIKAYADO M, 1974, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V13, P189 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 RODRIGUEZ E, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1507 SACHDEV L, 1983, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1253 SASTRY KNS, 1966, LEATHER SCI, V13, P174 SCHWINGHAMMER TL, 1988, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V28, P388 WAGNER H, 1987, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V26, P697 NR 19 TC 15 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UR873 UT ISI:A1995UR87300010 ER PT J AU Tortoriello, J Meckesfischer, M Villarreal, ML Berlin, B Berlin, E TI Spasmolytic activity of medicinal plants used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in the Highland of Chiapas SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Medicinal plants of Mexico (Chiapas); gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases; Traditional Medicine ID CANARY ISLANDS; MEXICO AB Methanolic extracts of 141 different botanical species,;sed in traditional medicine in the Highland of Chiapas for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, were submitted to pharmacological testing in order to evaluate the spasmolytic action on electrically-stimulated guinea Pig ileum. Of these species, 33.3% showed an inhibition of reflex greater than 80% at a bath concentration of 250 mu g/ml. Of the active species, 40.4% belong to the Asteraceae family. Of the active samples, 59.5% were obtained from leaves. The results identify a group of interesting plants, that could be considered for future experimental investigation. C1 IMSS,CTR MED SIGLO XXI,UNIDAD INVEST MED FARMACOL PROD NAT,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. PROGRAMA COLABORAC MED INDIGENA TRADIC & HERBOL A,PROCOMITH,CHIAPAS,MEXICO. RP Tortoriello, J, IMSS,CTR INVEST BIOMED SUR,ARGENTINA 1,MEXICO CITY 62790,DF,MEXICO. CR ADESINA SK, 1982, FITOTERAPIA, V53, P147 AGUILAR A, 1982, PLANTAS TOXICAS MEXI, P158 ASPREY GF, 1953, W INDIAN MED J, V2, P233 BHAKUNI DS, 1969, INDIAN J EXPTL BIOL, V7, P250 BHAKUNI DS, 1971, INDIAN J EXP BIOL 3, V9, P91 BROWNER CH, 1985, ECON BOT, V39, P482 COX PA, 1989, ECON BOT, V43, P487 DARIAS V, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V25, P77 DARIAS V, 1990, PLANTA MED, V56, P70 DEKA L, 1983, ANCIENT SCI LIFE, V3, P108 DHAR ML, 1968, INDIAN J EXPT BIOL, V6, P232 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1985, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V13, P139 ESQUIVEL B, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P62 HAGOS M, 1987, PLANTA MED, V53, P27 ITOKAWA H, 1983, SHOYAKUGAKU ZASSHI, V37, P223 KING SR, 1992, SUSTAINABLE HARVEST, P231 LEI XL, 1986, AM J CHINESE MED, V14, P26 LOZOYA X, 1987, REV MED IMSS, V25, P283 LOZOYA X, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P155 MAIKEREFANIYO R, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V26, P101 MANANDHAR NP, 1986, INT J CRUDE DRUG RES, V24, P81 NAURIYAL MM, 1977, INDIAN J ANIM SCI, V47, P844 NIESCHULAZ O, 1965, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V52, P394 SIDDIQUI NA, 1981, B ISLAMIC MED, V1, P366 SINGH YN, 1983, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V7, P267 TADDEI I, 1988, FITOTERAPIA, V59, P463 TRIVEDI CP, 1978, INDIAN J PHYSL PHARM, V22, P234 WENIGER B, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V17, P13 NR 28 TC 7 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD JUL PY 1995 VL 2 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UR873 UT ISI:A1995UR87300011 ER PT J AU GutierrezLugo, MT BarrientosBenitez, T Luna, B RamirezGama, RM Bye, R Linares, E Mata, R TI Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of some crude drug extracts from Mexican Medicinal Plants SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; cytotoxic activity; Mexican medicinal plants; brine shrimp bioassay ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; PTELEA-TRIFOLIATA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ALKALOIDS; AGENTS AB 31 crude extracts derived from 28 plants highly valued as anti-infective agents in Mexican folk medicine have been screened for antimicrobial activity against four bacteria, a yeast and two molds. The results of the quantitative study indicated that the extracts derived from five species (Malmea depressa, Heliopsis longipes, Datura lanosa, Cnidosculus tehuacanensis and Helianthella quinquenervis) possessed significant antiseptic properties, therefore supporting the ethnomedical uses of these species. The cytotoxic activity was assayed against three cell lines HT-29 (Colon adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma), A-549 (Lung carcinoma) and only the extract of Helianthella quinquenervis possessed significant activity against the MCF-7 cell line. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,FAC QUIM,COYOACAN 04510,DF,ARGENTINA. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,JARDIN BOT,INST BIOL,COYOACAN 04510,DF,ARGENTINA. CR ANDERSON JE, 1991, PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS, V2, P107 AVILA AJG, 1993, INT J PHARMACOGN, V31, P61 BHATTACHARYYA J, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P764 BYE R, 1991, AN I BIOL U MEX, V61, P21 CABRERA CE, 1982, IMAGENES FLORA QUINT, P12 CALZADA F, 1990, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V29, P2737 CHINEUX JC, 1976, CR HEBD SEANCES AC O, V283, P101 COOPER KE, 1972, ANAL MICROBIOLOGY DEGONCALVES LO, 1968, REV I ANTIBIOT, V8, P95 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V1 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V2 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1972, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V11, P1855 FROLOVA VI, 1964, ZH OBSHCH KHIM, V34, P3499 HAMBURGER M, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P3864 HEINRICH M, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V36, P81 HERZ W, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P435 HOFFMAN H, 1993, INT J PHARMACOGN, V31, P101 KOROSI J, 1976, HERBA HUNGO, V15, P9 KOWALSKA M, 1966, ACTA POL PHARM, V23, P295 LINTON AH, 1983, ANTIBIOTICS ASSESSME, P19 MARTINEZ M, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P21 MATA R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P1887 MATA R, 1989, J NAT PRODUCTS, V51, P836 MATA R, 1993, PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENT, P41 MCLAUGHLIN JL, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P1 MELO AM, 1974, REV I ANTIBIOT RECIF, V14, P9 MEYER BN, 1982, PLANTA MED, V45, P31 MITSCHER A, 1984, NATURAL PRODUCTS DRU, P193 MITSCHER LA, 1975, LLOYDIA, V38, P117 MITSCHER LA, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P1025 MULVEY RK, 1969, ECON BOT, V23, P75 NOGUERA B, 1994, FITOTERAPIA, V65, P182 NOVAK I, 1970, HERBA HUNG, V9, P23 OKORIE DA, 1971, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V10, P469 PETITPALY G, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P209 REISCH J, 1969, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P3803 REISCH J, 1972, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P449 REISCH J, 1973, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V12, P2552 REISCH J, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P1678 REISCH J, 1975, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V14, P840 REISH J, 1978, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V39, P3681 RIDEAU M, 1979, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V18, P155 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 ROJAS A, 1992, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V35, P275 ROMERO R, 1989, VET MEXICO, V20, P151 SAHM DF, 1991, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO, P1105 SEGURACORREA R, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P1567 SHADOMY S, 1991, MANUAL CLIN MICROBIO, P1105 SUFFNESS M, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P71 SZENDREI K, 1973, LLOYDIA, V36, P333 SZENDREI K, 1974, HERBA HUNG, V13, P49 TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 VANDENBERGHE AD, 1991, METHODS PLANT BIOCH, V6, P47 WAGNER H, 1992, 4106026, DE WAH ST, 1993, BIOACTIVE NATURAL PR, P441 YOUNG DA, 1979, AM J BOT, V66, P502 NR 56 TC 5 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD MAR PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UR878 UT ISI:A1996UR87800010 ER PT J AU Haraguchi, H Saito, T Ishikawa, H Sanchez, Y Ogura, T Kubo, I TI Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by sesquiterpenoid in Heterotheca inuloides SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION AB A sesquiterpenoid, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin, isolated from a Mexican medicinal plant Heterotheca inuloides was evaluated as an antioxidant. This sesquiterpenoid inhibited mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADH or Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH. Furthermore, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin protected red cells against oxidative haemolysis. This sesquiterpene was thus shown to be effective in protecting biological systems against oxidative stresses. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,DEPT QUIM,GUADALAJARA,JALISCO,MEXICO. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Haraguchi, H, FUKUYAMA UNIV,FAC ENGN,GAKUEN CHO,FUKUYAMA,HIROSHIMA 72902,JAPAN. CR BUEGE JA, 1978, METHOD ENZYMOL, V52, P302 CHIU D, 1982, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V5, P115 HALLIWELL B, 1990, METHOD ENZYMOL, V186, P1 KOK FJ, 1991, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V86, P85 KUBO I, 1994, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V4, P1443 KUBO I, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P218 LIN TJ, 1992, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V12, P347 LOWRY OH, 1951, J BIOL CHEM, V193, P265 MACHLIN LJ, 1987, FASEB J, V1, P441 MIKI M, 1987, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V258, P373 PEDERSON TC, 1973, J BIOL CHEM, V248, P7134 RODERS MK, 1978, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V27, P437 ROUSSEAU EJ, 1992, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V13, P407 SLATER TF, 1987, P NUTR SOC, V46, P1 SUGAWARA H, 1992, J CLIN EXP MED, V163, P237 TAKAYANAGI R, 1980, BIOCHEM J, V192, P853 WISWEDEL I, 1989, BIOMED BIOCHIM ACTA, V2, P73 YAGI K, 1987, CHEM PHYS LIPIDS, V45, P337 NR 18 TC 3 PU ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOC GREAT BRITAIN PI LONDON PA 1 LAMBETH HIGH ST, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 7JN SN 0022-3573 J9 J PHARM PHARMACOL JI J. Pharm. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1996 VL 48 IS 4 BP 441 EP 443 PG 3 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UQ644 UT ISI:A1996UQ64400021 ER PT J AU Verastegui, MA Sanchez, CA Heredia, NL GarciaAlvarado, JS TI Antimicrobial activity of extracts of three major plants from the Chihuahuan desert SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agave lecheguilla; Larrea tridentata; Baccharis glutinosa; antimicrobial activity; medicinal plants AB Dilution methods were employed to determine the effect of ethanolic extracts of Agave lecheguilla Torr. (Agavaceae), Baccharis glutinosa Pers. (Compositae) and Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. (Zygophyllaceae) on growth of yeasts, molds and bacteria. The three extracts analyzed showed good antimicrobial activity against more than one organism. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extracts was also determined. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA NUEVO LEON,FAC CIENCIAS BIOL,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,SAN NICOLAS GARZA 66451,NUEVO LEON,MEXICO. CR BALANDRIN MF, 1985, SCIENCE, V228, P1154 CASTROFRANCO R, 1995, PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT, V57, P113 CONNER DE, 1993, ANTIMICROBIALS FOODS DELACRUZCAMPA JA, 1988, AGAVE LECHEGUILLA HEREDIA NL, 1991, FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, V84, P15 RECIO MC, 1989, PHYTOTHER RES, V3, P117 TIMMERMANN BN, 1979, LARREA NR 7 TC 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUL 5 PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UN401 UT ISI:A1996UN40100009 ER PT J AU Lozoya, X RiveraArce, E Dominguez, F Arellano, ML Munoz, O TI Archives of medical research: An historical and subject coverage overview SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Archives of Medical Research; bibliometric study; Mexican scientific journal AB A bibliometric study about the subject content of the articles published in the Mexican scientific journal Archives of Medical Research is reported. The journal, published by the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), is comprised of 100 regular issues and 12 special supplements giving a total amount of 1,424 reports on medical research performed in Mexico during the last 25 years. According to the type of studies published during this period, we found that there is a similar percent of biomedical and clinical reports in the journal (47 and 42%, respectively) and a low proportion of epidemiological and medical educational reports (8 and 3%, respectively). Six thematic areas of research have been permanently published in this journal: investigations on infectious and neurological diseases being the areas mainly represented (34% of the total, corresponding to 17% in each area), followed by studies in reproductive biology (10%) and endocrine (7%), oncological (5%) and cardiovascular (3%) diseases. The tendency of the subjects covered by the journal during this period shows an increment in reports on infectious and parasitic disorders together with an increase in publications related to medicinal plant pharmacology; reproductive biology and endocrine studies show also an increasing tendency. On the other hand, a moderate decrease in studies related to neurological, oncological and cardiovascular diseases is observed, The origin of contributions during the last five years has balanced the proportion of papers published from IMSS scientists, other Mexican biomedical researchers and foreign contributions, thus reflecting favorably the recent changes in the journal's policies. This journal represents a clear example of a scientific publication edited in a developing country, originating as a national publication that evolved progressively into an international biomedical journal. RP Lozoya, X, INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,CTR MED NACL SIGLO 21,DIV INFORMAT & DESARROLLO,MEXICO CITY 06725,DF,MEXICO. CR BRIBIESCA LB, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P1 GIBBS WW, 1995, SCI AM, V273, P92 MADRAZO I, 1994, CIENCIA, V45, P333 MARTINEZPALOMO A, 1979, GAC MED MEX, V115, P65 NAVARRO IM, 1989, REV MED IMSS, V27, P221 PRIETO IM, 1970, ARCH INVEST MED, V1, P3 TREVINO AZ, 1983, CIENCIA DESARROLLO, V9, P137 TREVINO AZ, 1984, REV MED IMSS, V22, P229 NR 8 TC 0 PU INST MEXICANO SEGURO PI MEXICO D F PA SOCIAL APDO POSTAL 73-032, MEXICO D F 03020, MEXICO SN 0188-0128 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PY 1995 VL 26 SI Sp. Iss. SI BP S1 EP S5 PG 5 SC Medicine, Research & Experimental GA UM158 UT ISI:A1995UM15800003 ER PT J AU NavarroRuiz, A delaMora, GP VillanuevaMichel, MT DominguezRodriguez, JR BastidasRamirez, BE QuezadaArellano, JD RuizMadrigal, B TI Anticonvulsant effect of aqueous, hydroalcohol and chloroform extracts from Ipomoea stans root in the rat SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ipomoea stans epilepsy; medicinal plants; anticonvulsants AB The anticonvulsant activity of aqueous (AQ), ethanol (E-OH) and chloroform (CHL) extracts of Ipomoea stans root was demonstrated in adult male Wistar rats following ad libitum ingestion of the aqueous extract over 7 days, or a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg ethanol or chloroform extract. Maximal electroshock seizure inducing test (MES) and subcutaneously injected metrazole (METsc) were the experimental epilepsy models used. Maximum protection exhibited to MES were 80%, 36% and 57%; and in the case of METsc, 15%, 41% and 50% when AQ, E-OH or CHL extract was administered, respectively. C1 UNIV GUADALAJARA,SCH MED,SCI RES DEPT,CTR UNIV CIENCIAS SALUD,CTR MED COL INDEPENDENCIA,GUADALAJARA 44340,JALISCO,MEXICO. RP NavarroRuiz, A, IMSS,CMO,CIBO,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL DIV,SIERRA MOJADA 800,COL INDEPENDENCIA,GUADALAJARA 44340,JALISCO,MEXICO. CR ASHOK KC, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V22, P11 BOLADO TC, 1978, MONOGRAFIAS ESCUELA CARLINI EA, 1983, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V8, P225 ESPLIN DW, 1956, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V118, P129 GARZON P, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P57 GOODMAN LS, 1945, P AM FED CLIN RES, V2, P100 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P333 SWINYARD EA, 1952, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V106, P319 SWINYARD EA, 1972, EXPT MODELS EPILEPSY, P433 TOMAN JEP, 1946, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V9, P231 UGALDE JAH, 1932, THESIS U NACIONAL AU WOODBURY DM, 1972, EXPT MODELS EPILEPSY, P557 NR 12 TC 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 10 IS 3 BP 242 EP 244 PG 3 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA UM243 UT ISI:A1996UM24300013 ER PT J AU Delgado, G Garcia, PE Roldan, RI Bye, R Linares, E TI New eremophilane sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of the medicinal plant Roldana sessilifolia (Asteraceae) SO NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Senecioneae; Roldana sessilfolia; medicinal plant; cachana complex; sesquiterpene lactones; eremophilanes AB Three new eremophilanolides (5-7) were isolated and characterized from the methanol extract of the roots of Roldana sessilifolia (Asteraceae), a species used in Mexican traditional medicine. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST QUIM,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. UNIV AUTONOMA ESTADO MORELOS,FAC CIENCIAS QUIM & INGN,DEPT QUIM ORGAN,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO. UNAM,INST BIOL,JARDIN BOT,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CR COLL JC, 1986, J NAT PRODUCTS, V49, P934 DELGADO G, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P1716 DELGADO G, 1993, PLANTA MED, V59, P389 HERNANDEZ F, 1959, HIST NATURAL NEUVA E ISHIZAKI Y, 1970, TETRAHEDRON, V26, P5387 JIZBA J, 1978, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V43, P1113 LINARES E, 1987, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V19, P153 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MORIYAMA Y, 1976, B CHEM SOC JPN, V49, P3196 VILLARREAL ML, 1994, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V42, P25 ZAMEK Z, 1978, COLLECT CZECH CHEM C, V34, P2792 NR 11 TC 6 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1057-5634 J9 NAT PROD LETT JI Nat. Prod. Lett. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal GA UG385 UT ISI:A1996UG38500011 ER PT J AU Molinatorres, J SalgadoGarciglia, R RamirezChavez, E DelRio, RE TI Purely olefinic alkamides in Heliopsis longipes and Acmella (Spilanthes) oppositifolia SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliopsis longipes; Acmella (Spilanthes) oppositifolia; Compositae; unsaturated alkylamides; medicinal plants; flavouring and insecticidal compounds; chemotaxonomy ID POLYACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS; SALMEA-SCANDENS; AMIDES; ROOTS; ECHINACEA; CILIATA AB Acmella (Spilanthes) oppositifolia and Heliopsis longipes are collected from the wild and used as medicinal, flavouring and insecticidal plants. These species contain purely olefinic alkamides (not containing acetylenic bonds) with affinin 1 as the main lipidic component and N-2-methylbutyldeca-2E,6Z,8E-trienamide 2, in lower quantities. In A, oppositifolia N-isobutyl-dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E-tetraenamide 3 was detected with the above mentioned alkamides. For this species the same components can be found in roots and aerial parts. Heliopsis longipes alkamides are present only in roots. A comparison of the purely olefinic alkamide structures observed in the Heliantheae is discussed briefly. C1 UNIV MICHOACANA SAN NICOLAS DE HIDALGO,INST INVEST QUIM BIOL,MORELIA,MICHOACAN,MEXICO. RP Molinatorres, J, INST POLITECN NACL,CINVESTAV,UNIDAD IRAPUATO,DEPT BIOTECNOL & BIOQUIM PLANTAS,IRAPUATO,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. CR BAUER R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P2339 BAUER R, 1989, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V28, P505 BAUER R, 1989, PLANTA MED, V55, P367 BAUER R, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P447 BOHLMANN F, 1980, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V19, P1535 BOHLMANN F, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P595 CALLE J, 1988, REV LATINOAMER QUIM, V19, P94 CHRISTENSEN LP, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P11 CHRISTENSEN LP, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P7 CROMBIE L, 1963, J CHEM SOC, P4970 DOMINGUEZ XA, 1987, REV LATINOAM QUIMICA, V18, P114 FISHER TR, 1957, OHIO J SCI, V57, P171 FLORES HE, 1993, PLANT PHYSIOL, V101, P363 GREGER H, 1981, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V20, P2579 GREGER H, 1984, PLANTA MED, V50, P366 GREGER H, 1985, MONATSH CHEM, V116, P273 HERZ W, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P173 JOHNS T, 1982, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V21, P2737 JONDIKO IJO, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P2289 MARTIN R, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P1781 MARTIN R, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P2295 MOLINATORRES J, 1995, IN PRESS J NAT PROD YASUDA I, 1981, CHEM PHARM BULL, V29, P564 NR 23 TC 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA TZ600 UT ISI:A1996TZ60000005 ER PT J AU Garcia, X AlcantaraSarabia, G CartasHeredia, L Gijon, E TI Actions of perezone on rat smooth muscle SO GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medicine plants; natural products; perezone; plants effects; quinones; smooth muscle ID CALCIUM CHANNELS; MECHANISM AB 1. Perezone (PZN) on the in vitro intestinal smooth muscle of the rat relaxes the basal tonus of the smooth muscle, interrupts spontaneous activity and also blocks the contractile response induced by ACh, K+, and Ba2+; these actions are dose dependent. 2. Although in presence of small doses of PZN, the isometric contractile response to ACh was increased. 3. In calcium free intestinal smooth muscle preparation, the addition of PZN in low dose before Ca2+ increased the contractile effect of added calcium to the bath, but in presence of high doses of PZN the response to calcium was depressed. 4. PZN in calcium free preparations antagonized the contraction caused by adding barium. 5. These findings suggested that with small doses of PZN more availability of intracellular calcium free exist and/or an increase in excitability and/or an inhibition of AChase could coexist. 6. The responses of the intestine to high doses of PZN were possibly in part by blocking calcium entry. 7. The smooth muscle responses to PZN suggest that it has a membranal effect and/or an action on the internal calcium stores possibly increasing the intracellular calcium concentration. It is likely to be the expression of an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration above the levels normally reached that would be responsible for uncoupling of the smooth muscle, which would occur if the [Ca2+]i rises excessively. C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP Garcia, X, NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,APP 70-250,CIUDAD UNIV,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR BULBRING E, 1963, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V166, P59 COW D, 1911, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V42, P125 CUELLAR A, 1987, LIFE SCI, V41, P2047 DANIEL EE, 1963, ARCH INT PHARMACOD T, V146, P298 DEFELICE A, 1976, CAN J PHYSL PHARM, V54, P520 ENRIQUEZ R, 1980, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V2, P389 GARCIA E, 1987, J NAT PRODUCTS, V50, P1055 HANSEN TR, 1984, AM J PHYSIOL, V246, C235 HOLLMAN ME, 1958, J PHYSL, V141, P464 ICHIDA S, 1987, JPN J PHARMACOL, V44, P51 KARAKI H, 1986, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V88, P821 LEE KS, 1982, NATURE, V297, P498 MAGEE, 1927, J PHYSL, V63, P97 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P158 MENDEZ PA, 1984, B ESTUD MED MEX, V33, P126 PERUSQUIA M, 1991, MED SCI RES, V19, P857 SCOOTT JB, 1961, AM J PHYSIOL, V201, P1095 TSIEN RW, 1983, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V45, P341 URAKAWA N, 1964, AM J PHYSIOL, V207, P873 VANBREEMEN C, 1989, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V51, P315 WALLS F, 1965, B I QUIM U NAC AUTON, V17, P3 YUKISADA N, 1961, JAP J PHARM, V11, P46 NR 22 TC 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-3623 J9 GEN PHARMACOL JI Gen. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1741 EP 1745 PG 5 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TP417 UT ISI:A1995TP41700016 ER PT J AU MolinaTorres, J SalgadoGarciglia, R RamirezChavez, E delRio, RE TI Presence of the bornyl ester of deca-2E,6Z,8E-trienoic acid in Heliopsis longipes roots SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Note AB A lipophilic extract of Heliopsis longipes, a plant collected from the wild and used for medicinal and insecticidal purposes, afforded a new compound, the bornyl ester of deca-2E,6Z,8E-trienoic acid [1], which was characterized by spectroscopic methods. C1 UNIV MICHOACANA SAN NICOLAS HIDALGO,INST INVEST QUIM BIOL,MORELIA,MICHOACAN,MEXICO. RP MolinaTorres, J, IPN,CINVESTAV,DEPT BIOTECNOL & BIOQUIM PLANTAS,UNIDAD IRAPUATO,APDO POSTAL 629,CP 36500,IRAPUATO,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. CR BAUER R, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P2339 BOHLMANN F, 1975, ORG MAGN RESONANCE, V7, P426 CALLE J, 1988, REV LATINOAMER QUIM, V19, P94 CHRISTENSEN LP, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V30, P11 CHRISTENSEN LP, 1991, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P7 CORREA J, 1972, ORG MAGN RESONANCE, V3, P1 FISHER TR, 1957, OHIO J SCI, V57, P171 RALDUGIN VA, 1983, CHEM NAT PROD, V19, P149 NR 8 TC 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1590 EP 1591 PG 2 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TL138 UT ISI:A1995TL13800018 ER PT J AU AGUILAR, MI DELGADO, G TI NOVEL BISABOLENE GLYCOSIDE AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS FROM THE ROOTS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT IOSTEPHANE HETEROPHYLLA (ASTERACEAE) SO NATURAL PRODUCT LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ASTERACEAE; HELIANTHEAE; IOSTEPHANE HETEROPHYLLA; MEDICINAL PLANT; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SESQUITERPENE GLYCOSIDE; BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; BISABOLENE AB The novel sesquiterpene glycoside 1-O-[12-O-(12S)-dihydro-12,13-dihydroxyxanthorrizol]-beta-L-arabinopyran osyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 1 was identified as a constituent of the ethanol extract of the roots of Iostephane heterophylla, a species used in Mexican traditional medicine, and characterized as the heptaacetyl derivative 2. beta-D-glucopyranose, beta sitosteryl beta-D-glucopyranoside, and stigmasterol were also found as constituents of this extract. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,FAC QUIM,DEPT FARM,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST QUIM,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR ADELHORST K, 1990, SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART, P112 AGUILAR MI, 1993, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V33, P1161 BYE R, 1985, MED PLANTS TARAHUMAR, P77 BYE RA, 1986, ECON BOT, V40, P103 DELGADO G, 1994, PLANTA MED, V60, P493 MEYER BN, 1982, PLANTA MED, V45, P31 SHOYAMA Y, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1633 TORI K, 1977, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P179 NR 8 TC 8 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1057-5634 J9 NAT PROD LETT JI Nat. Prod. Lett. PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal GA TA869 UT ISI:A1995TA86900012 ER PT J AU ROMANRAMOS, R FLORESSAENZ, JL ALARCONAGUILAR, FJ TI ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF SOME EDIBLE PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIDIABETIC PLANTS; MEDICINAL PLANTS; HYPOGLYCEMIC PLANTS; DIABETES MELLITUS; EDIBLE PLANTS ID OPUNTIA-STREPTACANTHA; DIABETES-MELLITUS AB The anti-hyperglycemic effect of 12 edible plants was studied on 27 healthy rabbits, submitted weekly to subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests after gastric administration of water, tolbutamide or a traditional preparation of the plant. Tolbutamide, Cucurbita ficifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris, Opuntia streptacantha, Spinacea oleracea, Cucumis sativus and Cuminum cyminum decrease significantly the area under the glucose tolerance curve and the hyperglycemic peak. Brassica oleracea var, botrytis, Allium cepa and Allium sativum only decrease the hyperglycemic peak. The glycemic decreases caused by Psidium guajava, Brassica oleracea and Lactuca sativa var. romana were not significant (P > 0.05). The integration of a menu that includes the edible plants with hypoglycemic activity for the control and prevention of diabetes mellitus may be possible and recommendable. RP ROMANRAMOS, R, METROPOLITAN AUTONOMOUS UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,DIV BIOL & HLTH SCI,IZTAPALAPA CAMPUS,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CR AKHTAR MS, 1985, PLANTA MED, V51, P81 ALARCONAGUILAR FJ, 1993, CIENCIA, V44, P363 ATTAURRAHMAN, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V26, P1 BAILEY CJ, 1989, DIABETES CARE, V12, P553 DELCASTILLO SL, 1985, SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO, V27, P322 FRATIMUNARI A, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P51 FRATIMUNARI AC, 1989, ARCH INVEST MED, V20, P197 IBANEZCAMACHO R, 1979, ARCH INVEST MED, V10, P223 IBANEZCAMACHO R, 1983, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V7, P175 IVORRA MD, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V27, P243 JAIN RC, 1975, AM J CLIN NUTR, V26, P684 JUEITANG C, 1983, AM J CHINESE MED, V11, P74 KATIN CR, 1991, BASES FARMACOLOGICAS, P1415 MECKESLOZYOA M, 1986, AM J CHINESE MED, V14, P116 NG TB, 1986, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V15, P107 ROMANRAMOS R, 1991, ARCH INVESTIGACION M, V22, P87 ROMANRAMOS R, 1992, ARCH MED RES, V23, P105 NR 17 TC 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG 11 PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RW714 UT ISI:A1995RW71400005 ER PT J AU JIMENEZ, M PADILLA, ME REYES, R ESPINOSA, LM MELENDEZ, E LIRAROCHA, A TI IRIDOID GLYCOSIDE CONSTITUENTS OF CASTILLEJA-TENUIFLORA SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CASTILLEJA TENUIFLORA BENTH; SCHROPHULARIACEAE, IRIDOIDS GLYCOSIDES; MEXICAN FOLK MEDICINAL PLANT ID SCROPHULARIACEAE; GLUCOSIDES; CHEMISTRY RP JIMENEZ, M, UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST QUIM,CIRCUITO EXTERIOR,CIUDAD UNIV,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR ASTUDILLO A, 1994, ANN M PHYTOCHEMICAL BIANCO A, 1976, GAZZ CHIM ITAL, V106, P725 GARDNER DR, 1987, J NAT PROD, V50, P485 GUARNACCIA R, 1972, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V50, P5125 JIMENEZ M, 1991, 4 CHEM C N AM NY KOBAYASHI H, 1985, CHEM PHARM BULL, V33, P3645 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO ROBY MR, 1984, J NAT PRODUCTS, V47, P854 TAKEDA Y, 1977, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V16, P1401 NR 9 TC 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 4 BP 455 EP 456 PG 2 SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA RW159 UT ISI:A1995RW15900015 ER PT J AU PEREZ, RM PEREZ, S ZAVALA, MA SALAZAR, M TI ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE BARK OF HIPPOCRATEA-EXCELSA SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIPPOCRATEA EXCELSA; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ID TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AB The ethanol extract of the plant Hippocratea excelsa was examined for its anti-inflammatory effects using several animal models. It produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema and reduced the weight of cotton pellet-induced granuloma at doses of 25-100 mg/kg. The extract was found to exert a protective effect on heat-induced erythrocyte lysis at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mu g/ml. In chronic models of formaldehyde and adjuvant arthritis, its anti-arthritic activity was found to be less than that of phenylbutazone (PNB). It may be inferred that the ethanol extract is effective against both exudative-proliferative and chronic phases of inflammation. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA XOCHIMILCO,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. IPN,ESCUELA NACL CIENCIAS BIOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP PEREZ, RM, IPN,ESCUELA SUPER INGN QUIM & IND EXTRACT,PUNTO FIJO 16,COL TORRES LINDAVISTA,MEXICO CITY 07050,DF,MEXICO. CR CALZADA F, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P194 CAPRINO L, 1974, PLATELET AGGREGATION, P143 HIDEO N, 1975, CHEM PHARM BULL, V23, P146 KEINBAUM D, 1978, APPL REGRESSION ANAL, P268 MATA R, 1990, J NAT PRODUCTS, V53, P1212 NEWBOULD BB, 1963, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V21, P127 SEIJI K, 1975, ARTHRITIS, V23, P1184 SEYLE H, 1949, BRIT MED J, V2, P1129 SWINGLE KF, 1974, ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGE, V2, P33 WINTER CA, 1957, J AM PHARM ASSOC SCI, V46, P515 WINTER CA, 1962, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V11, P544 NR 11 TC 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD JUL 7 PY 1995 VL 47 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RF898 UT ISI:A1995RF89800004 ER PT J AU MECKES, M VILLARREAL, ML TORTORIELLO, J BERLIN, B BERLIN, EA TI A MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL-PLANTS USED BY THE MAYA PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN MEXICO SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANTIMICROBIAL PLANTS; PHOTOTOXICITY; PLANT PHOTOSENSITIZERS AB A microbiological evaluation was conducted on those medicinal plants most frequently used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases by Tzeltal and Tzotzil communities in the highlands of Chiapas. The results obtained showed that many of the species induced antimicrobial activity in vitro. The present study allowed selection of three groups of plants with potent effect against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative Escherichia coil bacteria and Candida albicans. It was also demonstrated that 63% of the botanical species that showed antimicrobial properties, enhanced (46%) or induced (17%) the effect under exposure of the plant extracts to UV-A light. In the search for new molecules with therapeutic value, the present screening offers a preliminary selection of groups of botanical species; within each, there are several representatives that merit further evaluation as potential antibiotics and photosensitizers. C1 IMSS,CTR INVEST BIOMED ARGENTINA,XOCHITEPEC,MORELOS,MEXICO. CTR INVEST ECOL SURESTE,PROGRAMA COLABORAC MED INDIGENA TRADIC & HERBOLAR,SAN CRISTOBAL CASAS,CHIAPAS,MEXICO. RP MECKES, M, HOSP PEDIAT MEXICO CITY,CTR MED NACL SIGLO XXI,IMSS,UNIDAD INVEST,MED FARMACOL PROD NAT,2DO PISO,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CR AMASON JT, 1988, CHEM BIOL NATURALLY BERLIN B, 1990, HERBOLARIA MED TZELT BERLIN B, 1993, IN PRESS ANTHR SCI EDELSON R, 1987, NEW ENGL J MED, V316, P297 HUDSON JB, 1990, ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS HUDSON JB, 1991, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V40, P181 JORI G, 1990, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V52, P439 RIOS JL, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V23, P127 TOWERS GHN, 1984, CAN J BOT, V62, P2900 TOWERS GHN, 1987, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V46, P61 WAT CK, 1980, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V2, P279 NR 11 TC 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 244 EP 250 PG 7 SC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RF629 UT ISI:A1995RF62900002 ER PT J AU HERSCHMARTINEZ, P TI COMMERCIALIZATION OF WILD MEDICINAL-PLANTS FROM SOUTHWEST PUEBLA, MEXICO SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE MEDICINAL PLANTS; ECONOMICS; ETHNOBOTANY; PUEBLA; MEXICO AB This paper describes the trade of dry medicinal plants in the southwestern area of the state of Puebla, Mexico. Gatherers who collect medicinal plants represent the poorest economic link in the trade chain. The critical socioeconomic situation of the human population is reflected in the state of the wild plants at the zone, as a result of an increase in their use for economic survival. The stock of medicinal plants handled by regional traders is an indicator of the abundance and diversity of the flora present in the zone, and permits a dynamic exchange of these products with regional traders from outside. Tracing the commercial path of six medicinal plants from the field to the market, only 6.17% of the consumer price, on average, was returned to the collectors. Most of the medicinal plants marketed and used in Mexico are wild plants. This fact, combined with the increasing demand that exists for medicinal plants in this region, create a potential environmental threat. Since this threat is a multifactorial one, involving the complex socioeconomic conditions in which rur al workers and their families live, conservation programs for the wild flora (including reassessed gathering methods, production of selected medicinal species and protection of wild populations and market regulations of quality and equity) have to be applied within an organizational framework of the gatherers and peasants in the zone. RP HERSCHMARTINEZ, P, INST NACL ANTROPOL & HIST,CTR REG MORELOS,PROGRAMA ETNOBOT & ANTROPOL MED,MATAMOROS 200,CUERNAVACA 62440,MORELOS,MEXICO. CR 1988, MED PLANTS NEWSLETTE, P49 1988, MED PLANTS NEWSLETTE, P82 1988, NEWSLETTER MED PLANT, P61 ATTISSO MA, 1983, TRADITIONAL MED HLTH, P194 BAYTELMAN B, 1986, ENFERMOS CURANDEROS BEZANGERBEAUQUE.L, 1986, PLANTES THERAPEUTIQU BYE RA, 1983, J ETHNOBIOL, V3, P1 CARDENAS RV, 1971, BIENESTAR CAMPESINO COLLOMB A, 1986, B INFORMATION I TECH, V34, P7 CUNNINGHAM AB, 1988, 29 I NAT RES INV REP CUNNINGHAM AB, 1990, MED PLANTS NEWSLETTE, P66 DAVILA MIA, 1991, THESIS U NACIONAL AU DIAZ MCL, 1986, LUCHA TIERRA COMUNER GONZALEZ MR, 1979, INTERMEDIARIOS AGR E GURAIEB AS, 1984, THESIS U NACIONAL AU GUTIERREZ E, 1989, INDICADORES SECTOR E HEINRICH M, 1992, DTSCH APOTHEKER ZEIT, V132, P351 HULSHOF J, 1988, EC POLITICA SISTEMA JAVANA JP, 1987, THESIS U AUTONOMA CH LAMINE D, 1978, EVALUACION AREA INFL MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO NOLAZCO E, 1991, GUIA PARA RECONOCIMI NOLAZCO EG, 1985, ESTUDIO VEGETACION M NUNEZ JCS, 1987, THESIS U NACIONAL AU OSWALD U, 1979, MERCADO DEPENDENCIA, P171 PARE L, 1975, NUEVA ANTROPOLOGIA, V1, P85 RELLO F, 1989, COMERCIO EXTERIOR, V38, P792 RIESKY D, 1979, COMERCIO PLANTAS MED RZEDOWSKI J, 1991, ACTA BOTANICA MEXICA, V14, P3 SUNDARESH I, 1984, INDIAN HORTICULTURAE, V28, P51 TIBURCIO EG, 1987, JORNADA MEXICO SEP TOLEDO VM, 1988, CIENCIA DESARROLLO, V81, P17 VALENCIA E, 1965, SERIE INVESTIGACIONE, V11 VOVIDES AP, 1981, BIOTICA, V6, P218 WARD P, 1989, POLITICAS BIENESTAR WIJESEKERA ROB, 1991, MED PLANT IND NR 36 TC 7 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 SC Plant Sciences GA RB512 UT ISI:A1995RB51200006 ER PT J AU PERUSQUIA, M MENDOZA, S BYE, R LINARES, E MATA, R TI VASOACTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM 5 MEXICAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS ON ISOLATED RAT AORTA SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHIRANTHODENDRON PENTADACTYLON; GALPHIMIA GLAUCA; IPOMOEA STANS; JUGLANS REGIA; TAXODIUM MUCRONATUM; RAT AORTA; VASODILATING EFFECT; FOLK MEDICINE ID FLAVONOIDS; JUGLANS; ILEUM AB The present investigation describes the effects of aqueous extracts from Chiranthodendron pentadactylon flowers, Galphimia glauca leaves and flowers, Ipomoea stans roots, Juglans regia leaves and Taxodium mucronatum aerial parts on isolated rat thoracic aorta precontracted by noradrenaline (NA). In all cases, the aqueous extracts (0.5-12 mg/ml) significantly inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the maximal contractile response induced by NA in rat aorta. The most active extract was that of G. glauca flowers. These findings indicate that the active principles present in the crude extracts can exert a vasorelaxant effect. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,FAC QUIM,DEPT FARM,FITOQUIM LAB,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST INVEST BIOMED,DEPT BIOL CELULAR,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST BIOL,COYOACAN 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR AHMAD S, 1973, ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, V3, P436 BERGMANN L, 1976, PLANTA MED, V94, P47 BHAKUNI DS, 1969, INDIAN J EXPTL BIOL, V7, P250 BHANDARI KS, 1974, NATURAL APPLIED SCI, V26, P31 BINDER RG, 1989, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V28, P2799 BUTTERY RG, 1986, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V34, P820 CAPASSO A, 1991, PHYTOTHER RES, V5, P85 CAUVIN C, 1985, CIRC RES, V56, P822 DARIAS V, 1989, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V25, P77 DHAR ML, 1973, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V11, P43 DIAZ JL, 1976, MONOGRAFIAS CIENTIFI, V2, P31 DORNBERGER K, 1982, PHARMAZIE, V37, P215 ENRIQUEZ RG, 1992, CAN J CHEM, V70, P1000 ESTRADA E, 1990, PLANTAS MED MEXICO I, P523 FANNING MJ, 1983, INT ARCH ALLER A IMM, V71, P371 HARBORNE JB, 1972, Z NATURFORSCH B, V27, P210 HAVSTEEN B, 1983, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V32, P1141 HUSSON GP, 1986, ANN PHARM FR, V44, P41 IKEKAWA T, 1967, CHEM PHARM BULL, V15, P242 KANTEMIR I, 1966, ACTA MED TURCICA, V3, P1 KHABIR M, 1986, J INDIAN CHEM SOC, V63, P781 LINARES E, 1988, SELECCION PLANTAS ME, P20 LINARES E, 1990, CURATIVOS MEXICO CUA, V7, P47 LITCHFIELD JT, 1949, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V96, P99 LOKAR LC, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V22, P231 LUCZAK S, 1989, ACTA POL PHARM, V46, P494 MARTIN M, 1990, REV CINEMA-IMAGE SON, P29 MAY G, 1978, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V28, P1 MECKES M, 1993, INVESTIGACION CIENTI, P158 MEURER B, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P823 MIDDLETON E, 1984, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V5, P335 MULLER W, 1978, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V17, P739 PARDHASARADHI M, 1978, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V17, P2042 POPESCU H, 1972, CHIMICA ANAL BUCHARE, V2, P168 POPESCU M, 1974, REV CHIM-BUCHAREST, V25, P242 RAMOS AR, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P1329 SHARMA LD, 1971, INDIAN J ANIMAL RES, V5, P33 SIDHU GS, 1975, INDIAN J CHEM, V13, P749 SINGH MP, 1979, ECON BOT, V33, P185 STROER WF, 1956, ACTA PHYSL PHARM NEE, V5, P28 TALAPATRA SK, 1988, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V27, P3929 TALLARIDA RJ, 1981, MANUAL PHARM CALCULA TOSCANO RA, 1993, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C, V49, P774 NR 43 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QW145 UT ISI:A1995QW14500009 ER PT J AU RUIZ, AN RAMIREZ, BEB ESTRADA, JG LOPEZ, PG GARZON, P TI ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CASIMIROA-EDULIS IN COMPARISON TO PHENYTOIN AND PHENOBARBITAL SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTICONVULSANTS; CASIMIROA EDULIS; MEDICINAL PLANTS; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN ID SEIZURES AB An aqueous extract of Casimiroa edulis leaves was tested in adult male Wistar rats for anticonvulsant activity utilizing two models of experimental epilepsy: maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneously injected metrazole (METsc). Single dose of 100 mg/kg C. edulis vacuum dried aqueous extracts (VDA) orally administered to experimental animals elicited 50% and 70% abolition of MES and METsc-induced seizures, respectively. Two firmly established antiepileptic drugs in human therapy, phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbital (PB), abolished 90% of MES-induced seizures, whereas an 80% and 100% absence of clonic seizures was attained in METsc test, correspondingly. The seizure abolition observed in C. edulis VDA treated rats was comparable with the anticonvulsive pattern exhibited by PHT and PB. These results suggest that potencially antiepileptic compounds are present in C. edulis extracts that deserve the study of their identity and mechanism of action. C1 INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,CMO,DIV BIOQUIM FARMACOL,UNIDAD INVEST BIOMED OCCIDENTE,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. UNIV GUADALAJARA,FAC MED,DEPT INVEST CIENT,GUADALAJARA 44430,JALISCO,MEXICO. CR BROWNING RA, 1985, LIFE SCI, V37, P2205 CHAUHAN AK, 1988, J ETHNOPHARMACOL, V22, P11 ESTRADA LE, 1989, PLANTAS MED MEXICO I FISHER RS, 1989, BRAIN RES REV, V14, P245 GAL P, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1401 GARZON P, 1990, ARCH INVEST MED, V21, P57 LOZOYA X, 1981, ZAPOTE BLANCO INVEST MAGOS GA, 1991, PLANTA MED, V57, P20 MARTINEZ M, 1944, PLANTAS MED MEXICO MARTINEZ M, 1951, ANALES I BIOL MEXICO, V22, P25 MERRITT HH, 1938, J AMER MED ASSOC, V111, P1068 MORTON JF, 1962, ECON BOT, V16, P288 PUTNAM TJ, 1937, SCIENCE, V85, P525 SWINYARD EA, 1952, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V106, P319 SWINYARD EA, 1972, EXPT MODELS EPILEPSY, P433 SWINYARD EA, 1985, FED PROC, V44, P2629 SWINYARD EA, 1989, ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS, P233 VILLACIS RL, 1978, PLANTAS MED MEXICO, P134 WOODBURY DM, 1972, EXPT MODELS EPILEPSY, P557 NR 19 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QP188 UT ISI:A1995QP18800008 ER PT S AU ANAYA, AL HERNANDEZBAUTISTA, BE PELAYOBENAVIDES, HR CALERA, M FERNANDEZLUISELLI, E TI ALLELOPATHY IN MEXICAN PLANTS - MORE RECENT STUDIES SO ALLELOPATHY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; IPOMOEA-TRICOLOR; CORN POLLEN; PIQUEROL-A; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Research on allelopathy in Mexico has focused on plant species with ecological importance, some of them with medicinal use. Seeds, fungi and insects have been used in bioassays directed to assess activity of plant extracts and isolates. Allelochemicals can modify cellular structure and activities including respiration and division. Research priorities are based on the vast diversity of Mexican flora, its potential as a source of useful natural products, and the lack of knowledge in these areas. RP ANAYA, AL, UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST FISIOL CELULAR,APARTADO POSTAL 70243,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. CR ANAYA AL, 1987, J CHEM ECOL, V13, P2083 ANAYA AL, 1990, J CHEM ECOL, V16, P2145 ANAYA AL, 1992, ALLELOPATHY BASIC AP, P271 ANAYA AL, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P897 ARGANDONA VH, 1985, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V24, P177 BAILEY SD, 1960, J FOOD SCI, V26, P163 BIEBER LW, 1986, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V25, P1077 BROWER LP, 1963, ZOOLOGICA, V48, P65 BROWER LP, 1968, SCIENCE, V161, P1349 CASTANEDA P, 1992, J CHEM ECOL, V18, P1025 CESKA O, 1984, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V23, P1822 CHACON JC, 1982, AGROECOSYSTEMS, V8, P1 CHOU CH, 1976, J CHEM ECOL, V2, P369 COLE RA, 1976, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V15, P759 CRUZORTEGA R, 1988, J CHEM ECOL, V14, P71 DELAMO S, 1978, J CHEM ECOL, V4, P305 DELAPARRA MG, 1981, J CHEM ECOL, V7, P509 DIRZO R, 1989, 1 RES REUN NAC EC QU, P9 DZYUBENKO NN, 1971, PHYSL BIOCH BASIS PL, V2, P60 EINHELLIG FA, 1985, CRC HDB NATURAL PEST, V1, P161 EISNER T, 1989, ECOLOGY EC ETHICS BR, P4 FISCHER NH, 1989, J CHEM ECOL, V15, P1785 GLIESSMAN SR, 1983, J CHEM ECOL, V9, P991 GOMEZPOMPA A, 1985, RECURSOS BIOTICOS ME GONZALEZDELAPAR.M, 1991, PESTIC SCI, V33, P73 HEGNAUER R, 1969, CHEMOTAXONOMIE PFLAN, V5 HOWARD FH, 1986, WEED SCI, V4, P623 IKEDA T, 1987, PLANT CELL REP, V6, P216 JIMENEZ JJ, 1983, J CHEM ECOL, V9, P1011 JIMENEZOSORNIO JJ, 1981, INTERACCIONES ENTRE JIMENEZOSORNOI JJ, 1987, ALLELOCHEMICAL ROLE, P262 KAHL H, 1987, J AGRON CROP SCI, V158, P56 LEWIS JA, 1970, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V2, P239 MACIAS FA, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V6, P1969 MACLEOD AJ, 1968, J SCI FOOD AGR, V19, P273 MARTINEZ M, 1969, PLANTAS MED MEXICO ORTEGA RC, 1990, J CHEM ECOL, V16, P2253 PARAY L, 1953, B SOC BOT MEX, V15, P1 PELAYOBENAVIDES HR, 1991, EFECTO COMPUESTOS FI PEREDAMIRANDA R, 1993, J NAT PROD, V56, P571 RODRIGUEZ E, 1976, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V15, P1573 ROMO J, 1970, REV LATINOAM QUIM, V1, P72 SEGURACORREA R, 1993, J NAT PRODUCTS, V56, P1567 STANLEY RG, 1974, POLLEN BIOL BIOCH MA STEVENS KL, 1985, ACS SYM SER, V268, P83 SUZUKI Y, 1986, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V12, P3133 ZAVALETAMAJIA E, 1989, WORKSH CHEM INT ORG, P118 NR 47 TC 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYMP SER PY 1995 VL 582 BP 224 EP 241 PG 18 SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary GA BC16D UT ISI:A1995BC16D00017 ER PT S AU LOZOYA, X TI 2 DECADES OF MEXICAN ETHNOBOTANY AND RESEARCH IN PLANT DRUGS SO ETHNOBOTANY AND THE SEARCH FOR NEW DRUGS SE CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article AB A renewed interest in the systematic study of indigenous medicines and associated medicinal plants arose in the 1970s. In Mexico the government established a national pharmaceutical industry to make use of the valuable colonial heritage of traditional practices combined with European medical concepts and resources. In 1975 the Mexican Institute for the Study of Medical Plants was created to integrate botanical, chemical and pharmacological studies on the Mexican flora. It compiled a database on ethnobotanical information relating to Mexican medicinal plants from the medical literature of the 16th to 19th centuries. A second database contained information on medicinal plants in current use. A medicinal herbarium was established. Taxonomical studies led to classification of the 11 000 voucher specimens in the herbarium and cross-referencing of the information with other databanks. A core group of 1000 plants used in traditional medicine throughout Mexico for almost 400 years was identified. Most of these are used to treat common diseases or basic health problems, usually given orally as decoctions or infusions. 95% of the plants used traditionally are from wild species. Information was collected from almost 3000 small Indian communities over four years on three aspects of traditional medicine-the healer, the disease categories recognized and the therapeutic resources in use. Plants with reported medicinal activity were selected for laboratory screening according to the frequency and commonality of their use, geographical distribution and seasonal availability. Screening involves a collaboration between chemists and pharmacologists: plant extracts are sequentially assayed and fractionated until the pure compound is isolated. Several active compounds are usually obtained from the same extract, frequently from the aqueous fractions. Ethnomedical information influences which plants are selected for screening and the type of assay used. RP LOZOYA, X, MEXICAN INST SOCIAL SECUR,NATL MED CTR,PHARMACOL NAT PROD RES UNIT,AVE CUAHUTEMOC 330,MEXICO CITY 06725,DF,MEXICO. 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